CN112493052A - Horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof - Google Patents
Horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112493052A CN112493052A CN202011377062.6A CN202011377062A CN112493052A CN 112493052 A CN112493052 A CN 112493052A CN 202011377062 A CN202011377062 A CN 202011377062A CN 112493052 A CN112493052 A CN 112493052A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and a planting method thereof. The modeling is novel and unique, and the ornamental value is high; the light receiving area is large, and the coloring and sensory quality of the grapes are improved; the fruiting part is convenient to pick, and the sightseeing commercial value is increased; is suitable for areas which do not have earth burial and cold protection and have developed local tourism culture. The technical scheme of the invention comprises a trunk, a frame surface, a top annular main vine, long tip trimming and short tip trimming; the number of the trunks is 2; the shelf surface is 1.8-2 m; the diameter of the top ring is 1.2 m; the pruning mode is that long and short shoots are alternately updated and pruned, and the length of the mother branch of the finally reserved fruiting tree is 1.5 meters; and the short tip trimming is to cut 2-3 winter buds in winter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and a planting method thereof.
Background
The grape is one of important deciduous fruit tree species in China, and has strong adaptability, early fruiting and high benefit. Is one of the important fruit trees cultivated in China. In recent years, Chinese grape cultivation has been rapidly developed in terms of cultivation area, yield and quality.
At present, the common shed frame for cultivating fresh grapes emphasizes on improving the overall photosynthesis of the grape vines, but neglects numerous problems of time consumption, labor consumption and the like of annual management; the Y-shaped frame solves the problem of poor ventilation of the shed frame, but the fruiting part is exposed outside, so that physiological diseases such as sunscald, fruit shrinkage, pedicel withering, fruit cracking, early defoliation and the like of the grape fruits are easy to occur; in a non-soil-buried cold-proof area, the wine grape is in a multi-purpose single-trunk double-arm tree shape, the tree shape with better fruit quality, coloring and the like is adopted at present, but the problem that fruit parts are easy to move outwards exists, and the utilization rate of good land is greatly reduced by controlling the fruit number for ensuring the fruit quality. At present, the grape planting area in China is in a stable stage, the grape yield is stably improved, and only by improving the utilization rate of a good land area, the yield and the quality can be improved while the input of manpower and material resources is controlled, so that low input and high return are realized.
At present, the area and the yield of the southern grape cultivation respectively account for about 25 percent and 26 percent of the total area and the total yield of the country, the grape cultivation has formed an industrial scale, and the grape cultivation management technology is at a higher level in the country, so that the necessity exists for developing the leisure sightseeing agriculture of the southern grape. In south, various high-efficiency cultivation techniques are adopted in multiple places to improve the quality of the grapes and reduce diseases caused by rainwater. Physiological diseases in southern grape producing areas have attracted attention in recent years, and sunburn syndrome such as stain and fruit shrinkage (aerial burn), pedicellus blight (retort disease), dehiscence, early defoliation and the like, which occur during production, are physiological diseases. The characteristics of the southern climate and ecological conditions and the cultivation habit make the grapes prone to physiological diseases. The grape cultivation technology in south China is backward, the production experience is insufficient, and key problems such as fine variety screening, high-quality and high-yield matched cultivation technology systems and the like need to be solved.
In addition, the beautiful grape tree shape can attract foreign tourists and promote the development of the grape tourism industry in China. However, the grape tree form suitable for sightseeing in China is developed less at present, and most wine tourism places are only provided with simple and easy 'shed frame' type sightseeing corridors. The lack of sufficient sightseeing tree forms becomes a great factor limiting the development of the grape tourism industry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides the horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and the planting method thereof, and the horn-shaped grape landscape planting support is novel and unique in shape and high in ornamental value; the light receiving area is large, and the coloring and sensory quality of the grapes are improved; the fruiting part is convenient to pick, and the sightseeing commercial value is increased; is suitable for areas which do not have earth burial and cold protection and have developed local tourism culture.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a support is planted to tubaeform grape view, its characterized in that: comprises a lower main body framework, an upper main body framework and a horn-shaped structure consisting of a plurality of circular rings with different diameters;
the lower main framework is formed by uniformly distributing three vertical supports in an annular manner to form a horn-shaped flower support;
the upper main body framework comprises 3 curved arc line supports which are uniformly distributed and annularly arranged, and the bottoms of the 3 arc line supports are connected with the top of the lower main body framework into a whole to form a horn-shaped 'corolla';
lower main part skeleton, go up the equipartition and be provided with the ring of a plurality of different diameters on the main part skeleton, every ring passes through the mounting with lower main part skeleton and last main part skeleton and fixes.
Further preferably: the maximum diameter of the circular ring is 1.2 meters, and the circular ring is connected with the tail end of the upper main body framework.
Further preferably: the height of the lower main framework is 0.3-0.5 m.
Further preferably: the height of the upper main body framework is 1 meter, and the included angle between the central line of the bracket and the ground is 45 degrees.
Further preferably: the fixing piece is made of iron wires.
A landscape planting method for horn-shaped grapes comprises the steps of main stems, frame surfaces, circular main vines, long tip pruning and short tip pruning; the number of the trunks is 3; the rack surface is 1.8-2 m; the diameter of the main cirque is 1.2 meters; the pruning mode is that long and short shoots are alternately updated and pruned, and the length of the mother branch of the finally reserved fruiting tree is 1.5 meters; and the short tip trimming is to cut in winter and leave 2-3 winter buds.
The landscape planting method of the horn-shaped grapes specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the first year:
planting distance is 1.8-2 m, and row distance is 2.5 m;
after the plant seedlings grow to be more than 30 cm, the plant seedlings are bound with the support to grow along the lower main body framework (1), in the growing process, terminal buds are left, most of buds on the main body are removed, leaves meeting the photosynthesis required by the plant growth are left, and buds near the terminal buds are left to develop into new shoots;
(2) two to many years:
starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the top of a trunk, using a circular support (3) to promote the main vine to grow and develop into the main vine along the circular support (3), wherein the annual branches continuously grow until the three annual branches are overlapped, and the circular main vine is formed at the moment; when the height of the trunk reaches 2 m, pinching is carried out, and the trunk stops growing; when the horizontal section diameter of the trunk is about 6 cm, the circular ring support (3) is removed; when the cross section of the circular main vine reaches 2-3 cm, removing the horn-shaped grape bracket;
(3) and (4) post management:
when the fruiting mother branches are pruned in winter, the long fruiting mother branches in the last year are pruned with short tips, and the replacement branches are pruned with long tips to become fruiting mother branches in the second year, so that the fruit branches are alternately updated to ensure the vitality of the fruiting mother branches and the fruit quantity, and finally, two circles of fruit ears are formed at the positions which are about 1.7 meters and 1.5 meters away from the ground.
Further preferably: and (4) pruning short tips in the step (3) to leave 2-3 winter buds for winter pruning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the horn-shaped grape planting structure can plant more grape vines in the same land area, the yield of the grapes in unit area is improved, the fruiting parts of the grape vines are distributed in a shape of the dragon claw pagoda, the occupied area is saved, the management is convenient, and the grape quality is guaranteed;
2. according to the invention, the fruiting part of the grape is almost completely exposed, the designed trunk is higher from the ground, the ventilation performance is enhanced, and the incidence rate of downy mildew infection is reduced;
3. the grape tree forms are distributed outside in a shape of the Maackia amurensis, the light receiving area is increased, ventilation is facilitated, the coloring and sensory quality of the grapes are improved, the sugar content is increased, the acid content is reduced, the taste is better and suitable for eating, and the fruit diseases and the rot are reduced;
4. the invention can effectively prevent the trunk and main tendrils of the grape plant from extending, and the position of the bearing branch group is basically unchanged by short tip trimming, the bearing part is prevented from moving outwards and the tree vigor is prevented from senilism, and the appearance is stabilized;
5. the method has the advantages of simple and quick pruning, capability of constructing young shoots according to the required tree form effect, control of the density of branches and leaves, flexible control and high degree of freedom; the manual technical requirement is low;
6. the grapes are consistent in fruiting position, mature and tidy, the quality of the grapes is improved, and the purpose of sustainable production of the grapes is achieved;
7. the structure of the invention is suitable for high temperature and rainy days and diseases, has large prevention difficulty, does not bury soil and prevent cold, and has rural tourism development mode or fresh-eating grape sightseeing garden development intention to cultivate in southern areas. The grape variety with stronger tree vigor is preferably selected during cultivation, such as: grape varieties such as Kyoho, summer black, golden-twig thorn grape and the like. The grape tree shape is horn-shaped, so that the grape tree shape has a certain ornamental value, the proper height is convenient for managers to carry out operations such as pruning and the like, and the fruiting part is convenient to pick, so that the grape tree shape is suitable for tourists on sightseeing to eat and appreciate;
8. the structure of the invention ensures that the main tendrils and the leaf curtain layer have higher distance from the ground, smaller humidity and good ventilation, and effectively avoids the problems of rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like caused by fungal diseases and insect pests of plants due to humid and rainy climate in the south.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth of a planted seedling bound to a scaffold;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the growth of a ring-shaped main vine (the leaves of which have been removed for the purpose of facilitating the visualization of the structure);
FIG. 3 shows the shoot on the main vine (leaves of the main vine have been removed for easy visualization of the construction);
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the main runner (with the main runner removed for ease of visualization of the leaves of the construction);
fig. 5 is a final schematic of the invention.
Description of the drawings: 1-lower main body framework, 2-upper main body framework and 3-circular ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment provides a horn-shaped grape landscape planting support which comprises a horn-shaped structure consisting of a lower main body framework 1, an upper main body framework 2 and a plurality of circular rings 3 with different diameters, and is shown in figure 1;
the lower main framework 1 is formed by uniformly and annularly arranging three vertical supports to form a horn-shaped flower support; the height is 0.3-0.5 m, and the diameter of the base circle is 40 cm;
the upper main body framework 2 comprises 3 curved arc supports which are uniformly distributed and annularly arranged and are extensions of the lower main body framework 1; the total height of the upper main body framework is 1 meter, the included angle between the central line of the framework and the horizontal ground is 45 degrees, the bottoms of the 3 arc line supports are connected with the top of the lower main body framework 1 into a whole to form a horn-shaped 'corolla';
the lower main body framework 1 and the upper main body framework 2 are uniformly provided with a plurality of circular rings 3 with different diameters, and each circular ring is fixed with the lower main body framework 1 and the upper main body framework 2 through iron wires.
The maximum diameter of the circular ring 3 is 1.2 meters, the circular ring is connected with the tail end of the upper main body framework 2, the diameter and the height are properly adjusted on the basis of fitting the appearance proportion of the trumpet flower, so that the lighting area and the ventilation effect are effectively increased, and the fruit bearing rate is increased; the included angle between adjacent arcs is 120 degrees, as shown in fig. 2, the structure is stressed uniformly and has strong resistance to external pressure, and the stability of the tree body is enhanced.
Still the equipartition is equipped with 6 iron wire rings that encircle at the arc part, fixes the shape of arc part, sets up comparatively tightly to urge in order to guarantee "trumpet flower" shape, prunes the in-process in summer and can suitably increase the pruning dynamics to the new tip of arc part, avoids causing the plant diseases and insect pests because of the branch and leaf is too close.
The total height of the tree body is 1.8-2.0 m, the height of the lower main body framework is 0.3-0.5 m, the height is set, so that the tourists can pick the trees conveniently, and the ground clearance of the main vines is increased.
The embodiment provides a landscape planting method for a horn-shaped grape, which comprises a trunk, a frame surface, a circular main vine, long tip pruning and short tip pruning; the number of the trunks is 3, the frame surface is about 2 meters, the diameter of the main tendril of the top ring is 1.2 meters, the pruning mode is that long and short tips are alternately updated and pruned, the length of the mother branch of the fruit left finally is 1.5 meters, and the short tip pruning is that 2-3 winter buds are left after winter pruning.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) in the first year: referring to fig. 1:
planting distance is 1.8-2 m, and row distance is 2.5 m;
after the plant seedlings grow to a certain height (more than 30 cm), the plant seedlings can be bound with the lower main body framework 1 (as shown in figure 1) to grow along the support, in the growing process, top buds are left, most buds on the trunk are erased, and leaves enough to meet the photosynthesis required by plant growth are left. When the trunk grows to 60-70 cm, the bud near the terminal bud is left to develop into a new tip.
(2) Two to many years:
starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the top of a trunk to develop into a main vine, using a ring 3 support to promote the main vine to form a whole circle along a suspension type ring support, enabling the annual branches to continuously grow until the three annual branches are overlapped, forming the circular main vine, trimming the main vine in the process, reserving two adjacent buds on the circular main vine at intervals of 15-20 cm, reserving leaves enough for photosynthesis required by plant growth, enabling one of the two buds to develop into a fruiting mother branch, enabling the length of the fruiting mother branch to be 1.5 m, trimming the other bud to serve as a replacement branch, and adjusting the height of the ring 3 support along with the rising of the trunk; when the height of the trunk reaches 1.8-2 m, pinching is carried out, and the trunk stops growing; when the diameter of the horizontal section of the trunk is about 6 cm, the lower main framework 1 and the upper main framework 2 are removed, and the cross section of the circular main vine reaches 2 cm-3 cm, the ring 3 support is removed;
(3) and (4) post management: when the fruiting mother branches are pruned in winter, the long fruiting mother branches in the last year are pruned with short tips, and the replacement branches are pruned with long tips to become fruiting mother branches in the second year, so that the fruit bearing branches are alternately updated to ensure the vitality of the fruiting mother branches and the fruit quality, and the figure 3 shows that the fruit bearing branches are long-cut and long-cut. Two rings of ears (three to five sections at young shoots) were finally formed at about 1.7 and 1.5 meters from the ground, see fig. 5.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a support is planted to tubaeform grape view, its characterized in that: comprises a lower main body framework (1), an upper main body framework (2) and a horn-shaped structure consisting of a plurality of circular rings (3) with different diameters;
the lower main framework (1) is formed by uniformly and annularly arranging three vertical supports to form a horn-shaped flower support;
the upper main body framework (2) comprises 3 curved arc supports which are uniformly distributed and annularly arranged, and the bottoms of the 3 arc supports are connected with the top of the lower main body framework (1) into a whole to form a horn-shaped 'corolla';
lower main part skeleton (1), go up main part skeleton (2) on the equipartition be provided with rings (3) of a plurality of different diameters, every ring passes through the mounting with lower main part skeleton (1) and last main part skeleton (2) and fixes.
2. The flared portuguese planting support of claim 1, wherein: the maximum diameter of the circular ring is 1.2 meters, and the circular ring is connected with the tail end of the upper main body framework (2).
3. The flared portuguese planting support of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the height of the lower main body framework (1) is 0.3-0.5 m.
4. The flared portuguese planting support of claim 3, wherein: the height of the upper main body framework (2) is 1 meter, and the included angle between the central line of the support and the ground is 45 degrees.
5. The flared portuguese planting support of claim 4, wherein: the fixing piece is an iron wire.
6. The method for planting the flared grape landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: comprises a trunk, a frame surface, a circular main vine, long tip pruning and short tip pruning; the number of the trunks is 3; the rack surface is 1.8-2 m; the diameter of the main cirque is 1.2 meters; the pruning mode is that long and short shoots are alternately updated and pruned, and the length of the mother branch of the finally reserved fruiting tree is 1.5 meters; and the short tip trimming is to cut in winter and leave 2-3 winter buds.
7. The method for planting the flared grape landscape according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the first year:
planting distance is 1.8-2 m, and row distance is 2.5 m;
after the plant seedlings grow to be more than 30 cm, the plant seedlings are bound with the support to grow along the lower main body framework (1), in the growing process, terminal buds are left, most of buds on the main body are removed, leaves meeting the photosynthesis required by the plant growth are left, and buds near the terminal buds are left to develop into new shoots;
(2) two to many years:
starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the top of a trunk, using a circular support (3) to promote the main vine to grow and develop into the main vine along the circular support (3), wherein the annual branches continuously grow until the three annual branches are overlapped, and the circular main vine is formed at the moment; when the height of the trunk reaches 2 m, pinching is carried out, and the trunk stops growing; when the horizontal section diameter of the trunk is about 6 cm, the circular ring support (3) is removed; when the cross section of the circular main vine reaches 2-3 cm, removing the horn-shaped grape bracket;
(3) and (4) post management:
when the fruiting mother branches are pruned in winter, the long fruiting mother branches in the last year are pruned with short tips, and the replacement branches are pruned with long tips to become fruiting mother branches in the second year, so that the fruit branches are alternately updated to ensure the vitality of the fruiting mother branches and the fruit quantity, and finally, two circles of fruit ears are formed at the positions which are about 1.7 meters and 1.5 meters away from the ground.
8. The grapevine planting method of the flared vitiligo planting support according to claim 7, wherein: and (4) pruning short tips in the step (3) to leave 2-3 winter buds for winter pruning.
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| CN202011377062.6A CN112493052A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof |
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| CN202011377062.6A CN112493052A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Horn-shaped grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113632678A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Antler-shaped grape vine bracket and grape vine planting method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH207460A (en) * | 1939-02-06 | 1939-11-15 | Fils Jules Auberson | Device for tying up the vine and supporting paper cones and straws against frost. |
| CN110771421A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-02-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Taiji-shaped grape landscape planting method |
| CN111742776A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wine glass type grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof |
| CN213847972U (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-08-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Horn-shaped grape landscape planting support |
-
2020
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202011377062.6A patent/CN112493052A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH207460A (en) * | 1939-02-06 | 1939-11-15 | Fils Jules Auberson | Device for tying up the vine and supporting paper cones and straws against frost. |
| CN110771421A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-02-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Taiji-shaped grape landscape planting method |
| CN111742776A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wine glass type grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof |
| CN213847972U (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-08-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Horn-shaped grape landscape planting support |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张一萍 等, 金盾出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113632678A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Antler-shaped grape vine bracket and grape vine planting method thereof |
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