CN108703001A - A kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry - Google Patents
A kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry Download PDFInfo
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- CN108703001A CN108703001A CN201810564866.3A CN201810564866A CN108703001A CN 108703001 A CN108703001 A CN 108703001A CN 201810564866 A CN201810564866 A CN 201810564866A CN 108703001 A CN108703001 A CN 108703001A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry, includes the following steps：Several rows column arranged in parallel is set up, if being fixed using arterial highway iron wire column parallel to the ground to form hedge frame frame face；In frame face, inclined downward transplants large cherry nursery stock, and is scheduled on its center is solid on frame face, and it is in 45~60 degree of angles to keep center dry with ground；It is small major branch that the branch of the dry back in center is cultivated year by year, and does with center and be fixed on frame face in 60~120 degree of angles, and the branch of behind and center are done and are fixed on frame face in 45-60 degree angles, the branch of both sides is removed；It is annual to remove center dry and on small major branch 2 buds, 3 bud competitive branchs, the length of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 30~50 centimetres, the branch that center is done to behind contracts be cut to sprig group year by year, the method can realize morning of yielding positive results, early high-yield, ventilation and penetrating light is good, fruit quality is excellent, branch group long lifespan, the advantages that wind loading rating is strong, Labor-saving is with obvious effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tree-like constructing technology field, the tree-like construction methods of specifically a kind of large cherry.
Background technology
Cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus) is that a kind of appearance is gorgeous, the temperate fruit tree of flavor grace, in the whole world
Various countries are very popular, and economic value is high, and commodity price is far above general fruit trees such as grape, apple, pears, peaches.Cherry type is very
It is more, but it is gean (Cerasus.avium.Lindl.), sour cherry (Cerasus.vulgaris to cultivate at most
) and cherry (Cerasus.pseudocerasus Lindl.) Mill.Gean and sour cherry average fruit
Weight is much larger than cherry 2~3g of mean fruit weight, therefore be also known as large cherry up to 6~10g, and by Chinese cherry
Peach is known as small cherry.
Currently, China has become the first in the world large cherry producing country, the large cherry of cultivation is based on gean, main product
Area is area along Bohai Gulf area and Longhai Railway.According to Chinese gardening meeting data, the Chinese large cherry gross area in 2015
200000 hectares, 800,000 tons of yield, main breed is mainly red light, U.S. morning, La Binsi, Sa meter Tuo, early big fruit etc..Large cherry is from 19
Since introducing China's cultivation century, compared with other fruit trees, cultivation difficulty is bigger, and development is relatively slower always, in proverb
There is the saying of " the nice tree of cherry is difficult to plant ".
Large cherry fruit tree mainly has following characteristics：(1) tree vigo(u)r is prosperous by force, and increment is big, in temperate fruit tree, large cherry growth
Amount is maximum.On tall anvil, the strong prosperous new slightly current increment of large cherry treelet is up to 3 meters or more.Prosperous nutrient growth is crossed, is consumed
A large amount of nutriment, affects bud differentiation, causes large cherry treelet to enter the best fruiting period than later, many orchards are even 10
After year, orchard is of poor benefits early period；(2) apical dominance is strong, and tree crown is tall and big, and management is taken a lot of work, the apical dominance and dryness of large cherry
By force, tree body is tall and big.Generally using horse Harry, Yantai folium isatidis as the Qiao Zhenshu of stock, evacuation layering shape or spindle, tree are mostly used
It is high mostly at 5-6 meters, 4-6 meters of hat width.It is that dwarfing stock cherry tree mostly uses that high spindle is tree-like, and tree is high with Gisela serial (Gisela)
4 meters, hat width is also at 3 meters or so.Either no matter pruning, flower and fruit management or insect pest preventing and controlling, cherry picking all pole is not square
Just, the orchard amount of labour used is big, and overall efficiency is low；(3) shoot growth produces a polarization, the easy baldness of branch, the easy empty chamber of tree body, with other north
Square deciduous fruit tree is compared, and large cherry germination rate is high, weak at principal stresses.Annual shoot is most in addition to the several flat buds of base portion
Rudiment.But in the case where growing naturally, only 1~3 bud of apex can the relatively strong prosperous branch of pumping, remaining be mostly in brachyplast, in after
Portion even cannot easily form baldness band at branch.It is influenced simultaneously by apical dominance, top and the upright branch growing way of back are very
By force, and under the oblique life in lower part and the back of the body branch growth is weak, and along with large cherry enjoys light, property is strong, these weak branches are often because illumination deficiency dries up
Death causes empty chamber inside tree body, is moved outside setting fruit position；(4) fear of wind, windy weather are very big on cherry influence, and less serious case causes
Branch, blade and fruit are injured, heavy then lead to tree body injury, along with large cherry tree root system bury it is shallower, only 20~40 lis
Rice, causes tree crown to lodge；(5) evacuation layering shape of high cost, traditional and spindle tree crown are picked, tree body is tall and big and branch is close
Collection, leverages picking efficiency.Large cherry production is typical labor-intensive production, and mainly performance is exactly fruit harvesting
Expense is excessively high.For cherry in countries in the world all using artificial picking, large cherry yield presses 1500 kgs/acre of the best fruiting period, each fruit
10 grams calculate, per acre fruit number 150,000, therefore picking is taken a lot of work very much, in the case where labour cost increasingly increases, picking
Cost is very big.In China, the picking expense of average cherry per acre is the highest pipe of cost in entire cultivation at 600~800 yuan
Manage one of link.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a kind of tilting frame of large cherry is provided
The tree-like construction method of wall.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry, includes the following steps：
(1) several rows column arranged in parallel is set up, if being carried out to the column using arterial highway iron wire parallel to the ground
It fixes to form hedge frame frame face；
(2) large cherry nursery stock is transplanted in hedge frame frame face inclined downward, and is scheduled on the hedge frame frame by its center is solid
On face, it is in 45~60 degree of angles to keep the center dry with ground；
(3) with the seedling growth, it is small major branch that the branch of the dry back in center is cultivated year by year, and by the small major branch
With center is dry is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 60~120 degree of angles, be in by the branch of the dry behind in the center is dry with center
45-60 degree angles are fixed on the hedge frame frame face, remove the branch that both sides are done at the center；
(4) center dry and on small major branch 2 buds, 3 bud competitive branchs are removed every year, and the length control of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is existed
30~50 centimetres, the branch of the dry behind in the center is contracted year by year and is cut to sprig group.
Preferably, column described in step (1) is perpendicular to the ground.
Preferably, column described in step (1) is round log or cement post；The native depth of burying of the column is 50~70 lis
Rice.
Preferably, the spacing of adjacent upright posts is 6~10 meters in each row in the step (1), and the spacing of adjacent two rows is
3.5~4 meters.
Preferably, the column is fixed using 7 iron wires arranged in parallel in the step (1), adjacent twice
The spacing of iron wire is 40~70 centimetres.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows of nursery stock described in step (2) is 2~4 meters.
Preferably, the branch of the dry back in center described in step (3) retains one every 40~70 centimetres, and culture year by year is
Small major branch.
Preferably, 40~70 centimetres of the branch interval of the dry behind in center described in step (3) is fixed on the hedge frame frame face
On.
Preferably, promote rudiment using HORMONE TREATMENT and quarter bud technology in the step (4), increase fruit-bearing shoot cluster quantity.
Preferably, the extended height of the small major branch is not higher than the hedge frame frame face.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Construction method provided by the invention is tilted by tree body and is transplanted, and large cherry top is weakened
End advantage can reduce auxin production, be conducive to prevent tree body and shoot growth excessively prosperous, can effectively facilitate flower_bud formation,
It yields positive results morning, realizes early high-yield；The tree-like ventilation and penetrating light of the method structure is good, and all branches, fruit can fully be shown in
Light, fruit quality is excellent, branch group long lifespan；The tree-like bough of the method structure is each attached on frame face, branch and fruit
It should not be influenced by disaster caused by a windstorm, wind loading rating is strong；Tree-like roomy in the ranks, the suitable power choring management of the method structure, it is laborsaving
Change with obvious effects；The tree structure of the method structure is simple, and major branch is distributed in half pinniform, is each attached on frame face, shaping
Technology is easy to grasp, and workload is small；The facilities such as fly net, anti-hail net can be covered using the frame face, plays and reduces nature calamity
Evil, the effect of pest control.
Description of the drawings
The tree-like structural schematic diagram of large cherry described in Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 hedges framves and treelet structural schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution below in the present invention carries out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is tree-like that the tree-like construction method of large cherry of the present invention can build a kind of tilting hedge frame, has following excellent
Point：
(1) it yields positive results morning, can realize early high-yield
It is tilted and is transplanted by tree body, weaken the apical dominance of large cherry, reduced auxin production, be conducive to prevent tree body
It is excessively prosperous with shoot growth, flower_bud formation can be effectively facilitated, early bearing is promoted；
(2) ventilation and penetrating light is good, and fruit quality is excellent, branch group long lifespan
The tree-like relationship for having well solved planting density and the efficiency of light energy utilization, 50~60 lis of leaf curtain thickness control
Rice, light can directly be penetrated in the ranks, and uniform illumination, all branches, fruit can be fully light-exposed up and down inside and outside tree crown, avoid finishing
Fruit branch can because it is light-exposed less, the few and withered death of nutrition, therefore the efficiency of light energy utilization, fruit quality is excellent, branch group long lifespan；
(3) wind loading rating is strong
The tree-like bough is each attached on frame face, and branch and fruit are not easy to be influenced by disaster caused by a windstorm, specifically avoid wind
The branches and leaves friction injury that fruit caused by calamity is subject to；
(4) Labor-saving is with obvious effects
It is described tree-like roomy in the ranks, it is suitble to power choring management, pesticide that can not hinder behaviour in the ranks with sprayer for use in garden
Make；Fertilising can carry additionally water-saving irrigation device on lowest level iron wire, realize water-fertilizer integral；Picking fruit since leaf curtain layer is thin,
Hat width is narrow, is similar to " espalier ", and arm can be reached directly in tree crown, and no branch hinders, and picking efficiency is tree-like than tradition to be carried
It is 2-3 times high, therefore can largely reduce labour cost in the upper various aspects of management；
(5) tree structure is simple, and shaping technique is easy to grasp, and workload is small
The tree structure is simple, and 8~10 major branches are distributed in half pinniform, are each attached on iron wire hedge frame, pruning technique
Upper Growing season cooperation " premarin " and sends out the growth regulators such as branch element mainly to carve bud, based on pinching, and winter is mainly with result
Branch group retraction, based on cutting back, it is technically simple, be easily mastered, pruning workload also very little；
(6) hedge frame structure is utilized, the facilities such as fly net, anti-hail net can be also covered, play reduction natural calamity, pest control
Effect.
Embodiment 1
A kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry, includes the following steps：
(1) selection is 10 centimetres a diameter of, length is arranged in parallel perpendicular to ground to set up several rows for 4.2 meters of round log
Column, it is 50 centimetres to bury native depth, and the spacing of adjacent upright posts is 10 meters in each row, and the spacing of adjacent two rows is 4 meters；It utilizes
7 iron wires arranged in parallel from the bottom to top are fixed the column to form frame face, wherein one of iron wire of bottom away from
60 centimetres from the ground, the spacing of adjacent twice iron wire is 50 centimetres；
(2) as shown in Fig. 2, tilting plant large cherry nursery stocks by 4 meters of spacing in the rows below the hedge frame frame face, and by its center
Solid to be scheduled on the hedge frame frame face, it is in 45 degree of angles to keep the center dry with ground；
(3) with the seedling growth, the branch of the dry back in the center is retained one every 40 centimetres, is cultivated year by year
It for small major branch, and is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 120 degree angles by the small major branch and center are dry, the center is done and is carried on the back
Branch afterwards is done with center at interval of 70 centimetres and is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 45 degree of angles, removes the center and does both sides
Branch；
(4) center dry and on small major branch 2 buds, 3 bud competitive branchs are removed when shaping every year, annual spring rudiment is advanced
Row carves bud or is sprayed with 40-50 times of liquid alignment bud of 3.6% general Lip river Malin, also can directly smear hair branch element, inspires fruitful branch, will
The length of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is controlled at 30~50 centimetres, and the branch contracting that the center is done to behind year by year is cut to sprig group, the master
The extended height of branch is not higher than one of iron wire of the top.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry, includes the following steps：
(1) selection is 12 centimetres a diameter of, length is arranged in parallel perpendicular to ground to set up several rows for 4.2 meters of round log
Column, it is 70 centimetres to bury native depth, and the spacing of adjacent upright posts is 8 meters in each row, and the spacing of adjacent two rows is 3.5 meters；Profit
The column is fixed with 7 iron wires arranged in parallel from the bottom to top to form frame face, wherein one of iron wire of bottom
Apart from 60 centimetres of ground, the spacing of adjacent twice iron wire is 60 centimetres；
(2) as shown in Fig. 2, tilting plant large cherry nursery stocks by 2 meters of spacing in the rows below the hedge frame frame face, and by its center
Solid to be scheduled on the hedge frame frame face, it is in 60 degree of angles to keep the center dry with ground；
(3) with the seedling growth, the branch of the dry back in the center is retained one every 60 centimetres, is cultivated year by year
It for small major branch, and is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 90 degree angles by the small major branch and center are dry, the center is done and is carried on the back
Branch afterwards is done with center at interval of 60 centimetres and is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 60 degree of angles, removes the center and does both sides
Branch；
(4) center dry and on small major branch 2 buds, 3 bud competitive branchs are removed when shaping every year, annual spring rudiment is advanced
Row carves bud or is sprayed with 40-50 times of liquid alignment bud of 3.6% general Lip river Malin, also can directly smear hair branch element, inspires fruitful branch, will
The length of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is controlled at 30~50 centimetres, and the branch contracting that the center is done to behind year by year is cut to sprig group, the master
The extended height of branch is not higher than one of iron wire of the top.
Embodiment 3
A kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry, includes the following steps：
(1) selection is 12 centimetres a diameter of, length is arranged in parallel perpendicular to ground to set up several rows for 4.2 meters of round log
Column, it is 70 centimetres to bury native depth, and the spacing of adjacent upright posts is 6 meters in each row, and the spacing of adjacent two rows is 4 meters；Utilize 7
Road iron wire arranged in parallel from the bottom to top is fixed the column to form frame face, wherein one of iron wire of bottom away from
60 centimetres from the ground, the spacing of adjacent twice iron wire is 60 centimetres；
(2) as shown in Fig. 2, tilting plant large cherry nursery stocks by 4 meters of spacing in the rows below the hedge frame frame face, and by its center
Solid to be scheduled on the hedge frame frame face, it is in 60 degree of angles to keep the center dry with ground；
(3) with the seedling growth, the branch of the dry back in the center is retained one every 70 centimetres, is cultivated year by year
It for small major branch, and is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 60 degree angles by the small major branch and center are dry, the center is done and is carried on the back
Branch afterwards is done with center at interval of 40 centimetres and is fixed on the hedge frame frame face in 60 degree of angles, removes the center and does both sides
Branch；
(4) center dry and on small major branch 2 buds, 3 bud competitive branchs are removed when shaping every year, annual spring rudiment is advanced
Row carves bud or is sprayed with 40-50 times of liquid alignment bud of 3.6% general Lip river Malin, also can directly smear hair branch element, inspires fruitful branch, will
The length of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is controlled at 30~50 centimetres, and the branch contracting that the center is done to behind year by year is cut to sprig group, the master
The extended height of branch is not higher than one of iron wire of the top.
As shown in Figure 1, the tree-like of the method for the invention structure can make large cherry reach 3 years fruitings, get bumper crops within 4 years, it is real
Existing 800 kilograms of per mu yield, 5-7 trees realize 1500 kilograms of per mu yield, are obviously improved orchard early stage economic benefit.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) several rows column arranged in parallel is set up, if the column is fixed using arterial highway iron wire parallel to the ground
To form hedge frame frame face；
(2) large cherry nursery stock is transplanted in hedge frame frame face inclined downward, and is scheduled on its center is solid on the hedge frame frame face,
It is in 45~60 degree of angles to keep the center dry with ground；
(3) with the seedling growth, it is small major branch that the branch of the dry back in center is cultivated year by year, and by the small major branch in
The heart is dry to be fixed in 60~120 degree of angles on the hedge frame frame face, and the branch of behind is done at the center and center is done in 45-60
Degree angle is fixed on the hedge frame frame face, removes the branch that both sides are done at the center；
(4) center dry and on small major branch 2 buds, 3 bud competitive branchs are removed every year, by the length control of fruit-bearing shoot cluster 30~
50 centimetres, the branch of the dry behind in the center is contracted year by year and is cut to sprig group.
2. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (1)
Column is perpendicular to the ground.
3. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that institute in step (1)
It is round log or cement post to state column；The native depth of burying of the column is 50~70 centimetres.
4. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the step (1)
In in each row the spacing of adjacent upright posts be 6~10 meters, the spacing of adjacent two rows is 3.5~4 meters.
5. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1)
The column is fixed using 7 iron wires arranged in parallel, the spacing of adjacent twice iron wire is 40~70 centimetres.
6. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (2)
The spacing in the rows of nursery stock is 2~4 meters.
7. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (3)
The branch of the dry back in center retains one every 40~70 centimetres, and culture year by year is small major branch.
8. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (3)
40~70 centimetres of the branch interval that behind is done at center is fixed on the hedge frame frame face.
9. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4)
Using HORMONE TREATMENT and the promotion rudiment of bud technology is carved, increases fruit-bearing shoot cluster quantity.
10. a kind of tree-like construction method of large cherry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the small major branch
Extended height is not higher than the hedge frame frame face.
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| CN201810564866.3A CN108703001B (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2018-06-04 | Method for constructing tree shape of large cherry |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810564866.3A CN108703001B (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2018-06-04 | Method for constructing tree shape of large cherry |
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| CN108703001A true CN108703001A (en) | 2018-10-26 |
| CN108703001B CN108703001B (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109496589A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-22 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of pears dense planting high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its shaping and trimming method |
| CN113424740A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-24 | 艾治国 | Inclined cultivation method for sweet cherries |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109496589A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-22 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of pears dense planting high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its shaping and trimming method |
| CN113424740A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-24 | 艾治国 | Inclined cultivation method for sweet cherries |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108703001B (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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