RU2374826C1 - Method for shaping and maintenance of grape bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of agriculture, namely to wine-growing. Method includes drill planting of bushes, creation of short bole and vertical arm in its upper part. Scheme of bushes location is 2.5-3.0 × 1.0-1.5 m. Near each bush a picket is installed with height of 1.5-1.6 m from soil surface. During the second vegetation after planting, two most developed sprouts are selected on each bush. Remaining sprout are removed. Selected sprouts are fixed helically around near-bole picket - one clockwise, the second one - counterclockwise. Cutting of sprouts is carried out at picket height. During the third vegetation in process of breaking, all developed sprouts are removed along with bole height to 0.9-1.0 m from soil surface. All developed sprouts are left on helical vertical arm-cordon with length of 0.5-0.6 m higher than bole. Short cornicles are created from developed sprouts in process of trimming with further shaping of one- and two-bud annual knots with free hanging of vegetating fruit shoots around near-bole picket, trellis-free column-like shape of bush is created.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce labour intensity of grape bushes cultivation, to increase convenience of bush trimming and to improve profitability of grapes production.

3 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to viticulture, and can be used in the industrial cultivation of grapes.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes according to the type of AZOS spiral cordon, including row planting of bushes, creation of a vertical straight stem 1.3 ... 1.5 m high, a single-plane vertical trellis with one tier of wire at the height of the stem, spiral-shaped cordon shoulder fastening around the trellis wire, formation 1-2-eye knots on each node along the shoulder length and free overhang of the annual growth of shoots (Zhukov A.I. Grape nursery. - Anapa, 2002, p.30) - analogue.

The creation of permanent 1-2 shoulder-cordon, instead of fruit links, 1-2-eye knots reduces the process of formation of bushes and facilitates the care of them. With a spiral-shaped shoulder-cord attachment, only one “dry” garter is required for the trellis wire in its upper part.

However, leaving one- and two-eyed knots on the nodes of the shoulder cordon can lead to underloading of bushes with eyes, harvest and to the development of fatliquoring shoots. In addition, as the spiral arm thickens, the trellis wire in some places can cut into the bark and wood tissue, which will lead to deformation of the stem and disruption of its conducting system. When replacing a dead or old unproductive shoulder, it will be necessary to remove it together with the wire, since in such cases it is practically impossible to free it from the wire. As a result, additional labor and material costs will be required.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes according to the type of vertical cordon Merzhanian- "Vertiko", including the row planting of bushes, single-plane 3-4-tier vertical trellis, creating a short stem and a straight vertical shoulder, on which 30-40 cm on both sides of the stem in horns are usually formed in 2-3 tiers with fruit links, fruit arrows are tied horizontally to the wire tiers, and the annual growth is attached vertically to the wire of the upper tiers of the trellis (Smirnov K.V. et al. Viticulture. - M .: publishing house in ICCA, 1998, p. 348) - a prototype.

The form provides a high load of bushes with eyes and shoots per unit of trellis length and high productivity of plantings.

However, with the vertical arrangement of the fruit links, due to the manifestation of longitudinal polarity, the fruit links of the upper tiers receive predominant development, while the development of the lower ones is suppressed. The horizontal placement of fruit arrows, one below the other in several tiers in the same plane of the trellis, can lead to thickening of the shoots and, consequently, to poor lighting, ventilation and disease. In addition, large material resources are required for the installation and annual repair of the trellis, as well as labor costs for the annual implementation of the “dry” garter of the vines and the fastening of green shoots to the trellis.

The technical solution to the problem is to reduce the complexity of cultivating vineyards, increase the convenience of pruning bushes, reduce material and labor costs for the installation of trellis, eliminate labor-intensive agrotechnical work such as “dry” gartering of vines and green shoots, free and rational spatial distribution of annual growth of shoots, increase profitability of grape production.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of forming and maintaining grape bushes according to the type of vertical cordon of Merzhanian-“Vertiko”, including ordinary planting of bushes, creating a short stem and a vertical shoulder in its upper part, according to the invention, the arrangement of bushes is 2.5-3 , 0 × 1.0-1.5 m, in each bush a stake 1.5 ... 1.6 m high from the soil surface is set, in the second vegetation after planting, two most developed shoots are selected on each bush, having removed the rest, they are screwed around the rammer stake - one clockwise, second - counterclockwise, they are trimmed at the height of the stake, in the third vegetation during debris, remove all developed shoots along the height of the stem to 0.9 ... 1.0 m from the soil surface, leave all developed shoots on a screw vertical shoulder-cordon 0.5 ... 0.6 m long above the stem, short horns are created from the developed shoots when pruning, followed by the formation of one- and two-eyed annual knots and free-hanging overgrowing fruit shoots around the prick ram, creating a palpless column prominent shape of the bush.

With the proposed technology, the grape bushes finish forming in the fourth year after planting and they enter full fruiting.

The authors and the applicant see the novelty in the creation of vertical cordon sleeves, screw-shaped around a standard stake, the formation of spiral horns with fruiting knots on them and the free hanging of vegetative shoots around the stem, resulting in a columnar-shaped bush.

The positive effect consists in a more effective method of suppressing the longitudinal polarity of grape bushes due to short pruning of annual shoots, in increasing the fruiting coefficient of the central buds of wintering eyes of the lower zone of annual ripened shoots due to their free hanging, in the ease of pruning grape bushes, in reducing labor and material costs for creating and care of a single-plane vertical multi-tier trellis, in increasing the profitability of cultivating grapes and reducing production costs awn products.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

Figure 1 - bush after the second year of vegetation - created two vertical shoulders, screw-shaped placed around the standard stake, of which one is clockwise, and the second is counterclockwise;

Figure 2 - bush after the third growing season - on the vertical shoulders horns are created, screw-shaped placed around the prism ram;

Figure 3 - bush after the fourth vegetation to trim shoots that hang freely around the stake.

Example. Testing of the proposed method for the formation and maintenance of grape bushes was carried out in ZAO Primorskoye of the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory on 500 bushes of the technical grade Podarok Magaracha. As a control, a method was tested for the formation and management of vine bushes according to the prototype on 500 bushes of the same variety. The scheme of planting bushes according to the proposed method and the prototype 3 × 1.5 m

With the proposed method of maintaining grape bushes by the beginning of the second growing season, each bush was installed stakes 1 height of 1.5 m from the soil surface.

In the spring, after buds were opened and fragments of extra shoots were carried out, two well-developed shoots were left on each bush, the rest were removed. Abandoned shoots on the bush as they grew were fixed in a spiral around the stake 1 to its top. Moreover, one 2 of them was placed around the stake clockwise, the second 3 - counterclockwise (Figure 1).

In the spring of the third year, each of the formed shoots was cut 10 cm below the pin 1 and fixed in their upper part. During the growing season, all shoots that developed to a height of the stem of -0.9 ... 1.0 m from the soil surface were removed, and shoots that developed on the vertical shoulder-cordons above the stem were left to form 4 short horns in a spiral around them vertical shoulder cordon (Figure 2).

During the fourth vegetation, the vegetative shoots 5 developed on the horns 4 with the crop were evenly distributed around the stake 1, freely placed in space (Figure 3).

In subsequent years, pruning was carried out short. The average load on the bush was 45 eyes and 35-40 fruitful shoots.

In the control, the formation and pruning of grape bushes was carried out according to the technology adopted as a prototype.

By the beginning of the second growing season, a single-plane vertical trellis was installed on the plot, including three tiers of wires at a distance from the soil surface, respectively: 70, 110, 150 cm. A stake was installed at each bush.

During the second growing season, a boom was formed from the most developed shoot, by trimming it at the height of the lower trellis wire, the future boom was tied upright to a nearby stake.

During the third growing season, three shoots were left at the upper end of the stem, which developed from the buds of wintering eyes, and all the shoots that developed below were removed. After the growing season, the two lower shoots that were left and the trellis located in the plane were cut into 2-3 eyes to form the horns of the first tier. The shoot, grown from the upper eye, intended to continue the vertical shoulder-cordon, was cut off at the height of the second tier of the trellis wire in order to create horns of the second tier in its upper part.

In subsequent years, fruit links were formed on the horns of the first and second tiers according to the Guyot principle. Long fruit shooters were tied to wires horizontally on both sides of the stem, and vegetative shoots were tied vertically to the wire of the upper tiers of the trellis.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method of forming and maintaining grape bushes was carried out by comparing the productivity indicators of the bushes, labor costs and material resources for creating trellises and for caring for the plantings.

Using the proposed method for the formation and maintenance of grape bushes made it possible to obtain an additional 90 tons of grapes from one hectare in three years and to increase labor productivity by 1.3 times in comparison with the control.

Claims (1)

The method of forming and maintaining grape bushes as a vertical cordon of Merzhanian - “Vertiko”, including the ordinary planting of bushes, the creation of a short stem and a vertical shoulder in its upper part, characterized in that the arrangement of bushes is 2.5-3.0 × 1, 0-1.5 m, a bush 1.5-1.6 m high from the soil surface is installed at each bush, during the second vegetation after planting, two most developed shoots are selected on each bush, having removed the rest, they are screwed around the standard stake - one clockwise, second - counterclockwise arrows, they are trimmed at the height of the stake, during the third vegetation during debris, remove all developed shoots along the height of the stem up to 0.9-1.0 m from the soil surface, leave all developed shoots on a screw-shaped vertical shoulder cord 0.5- 0.6 m above the stem, from the developed shoots during pruning, short horns are created with the subsequent formation of one- and two-eyed annual knots and free hanging of vegetative fruit shoots around the prick ram, creating a scalarless columnar shape of the bush.