RU2240678C1 - Method for training of grape vine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, viniculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves planting seedling; forming body with one or two branches and fruit formations thereon; forming bodies of adjacent vines in row of different height while creating two rows of parallel biological cordons in plane of row and alternating said cordons in height and forming single biological spiral or horizontal cordon from branches; providing fruit formations on branches in the form of 1-3 bud knots, with green sprouts hanging down without preliminary binding thereof between wires; during training of vines on trellis, arranging rows of trellis wires so that height of bodies is at the level of cordons.

EFFECT: increased grape yield, provision for preventing grape vines from being shadowed, reduced costs for maintaining of vineyard and harvesting of yield.

2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the agricultural technology of grapes, and can be used in the standard management of grape bushes.

Known methods for maintaining a grape bush with a stem both on the trellis and without trellis (patents No. 1792258, No. 2176443), which include the removal of a single-tier spiral or conventional horizontal cordon with free hanging green shoots.

Their main drawback is that the potential for obtaining grapes from a unit area is not fully used due to the small area of fruiting of the bushes (the area of arrangement of bunches on the bush), which does not exceed 30-40% of the trellis plane.

There is a method of forming grape bushes when two tiers of one- or two-sided sleeves are removed from one bush and two zones of laying the grape harvest are formed: the first is above the lower and the second above the upper sleeves (Encyclopedia of Viticulture, 1986, v. 2, p. 82 -83; Viticulture, Moscow, 1998, K.V. Smirnov et al., P. 348).

The disadvantages of this method: due to the polarity, the upper arms develop better, the fruit links of which with green shoots also obscure the green growth of the lower arms and the latter die within 2-4 years. When the dried lower arms are removed, large wounds form on the bush, as a result of which the bushes dry out. In addition, such a formation requires complex and labor-intensive operations to care for the bush (pruning to the fruit link, annual garter of the sleeves and fruit shooters, green shoots and their removal from the wires when pruning, chasing of green shoots).

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of maintaining grape bushes with different stems in a row (Textbook A.M. Negrulya, "Viticulture", Moscow, 1959, pp. 154-155).

The disadvantages of this method are the large material and labor costs (at least 6 wires are required, their tension; trellis repair; complexity of pruning bushes; annual garter of sleeves, fruit shoots, green shoots, their removal from the wire), vertical growth leads to a large formation of stepsons and thickening of bushes, while a weak laying of inflorescences in the lower eyes of the shoots reduces the total yield from the bush and from a unit area, sugar accumulation in grapes decreases. Therefore, these formations have not found practical application.

The technical result when using the present invention is to increase productivity by eliminating the vertical growth of green shoots and the formation of stepsons, preventing shading of the bushes and green operations, thereby reducing the cost of servicing the vineyard and harvesting.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of maintaining a grape bush, including planting a seedling, forming a stem with one or two sleeves and fruit formations on them, it is planned to form boles of adjacent bushes in a row of different heights with the creation of two parallel biological cordons, with alternating height and the formation of a single biological spiral or horizontal cordon from the sleeves, the formation of fruit formations on the sleeves in the form of 1-3 eye knots, with green shoots hanging down, without first garter them between the wires. In addition, when conducting bushes on a trellis, rows of trellis wires are foreseen to be arranged according to the heights of the boles at the cordon level.

In the implementation of the proposed method, the bushes sleeves with the same height of the stem are formed γ-shaped, by interweaving oncoming sleeves in the form of a “braid”, or, as usual, horizontally, thus creating two single biological cordons at different heights from the ground, and on them form fruit formations, green shoots of which hang freely down without a garter, forming in the plane of the row two zones for laying the grape harvest. When forming one-sided two-tier sleeves, the length of the latter should be at least twice the distance between adjacent bushes and with a garter to the stem of an adjacent bush. When conducting bushes on a trellis, the wires are pulled at the height of their boles at the level of the cordons. Green operations on the bushes (debris, pinching, pinching, chasing) are not performed.

The advantage of the proposed method is also that it contributes to the formation in the plane of a row of two zones of laying the grape harvest, thereby increasing the yield up to 2 times from 1 ha; elimination of additional wires between the cordons, which eliminates the vertical growth of green shoots and the formation of stepsons, thereby preventing shading of the bushes, which prevents sugar accumulation, and green operations; early (1-2 years) the entry of bushes into fruiting.

In addition, with the free hanging of green shoots from both layers of the cordon, the leaves, being closer to the soil, absorb more carbon dioxide released from it and they are less affected by diseases - mildew, gray rot, since it is better to dump rain water from themselves.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the grape bush after pruning, Fig.2 - bushes before pruning, where 1 - count, 2 - the stem of the grape bush, 3 - wire, 4 - cordons, 5 - γ-shaped formation of sleeves, 6 - fruit formations in the form of 1-3 eye knots.

The invention is illustrated by the following specific example.

In spring or autumn, grape seedlings or cuttings are planted in the ground with any nutritional area (taking into account the fertility of the soil and its moisture supply, the growth force of the bushes, the availability of equipment).

In the second year, a stake (1) is installed near each bush and bushes of bushes (2) with a height of 90-120 cm and 140-170 cm are alternately taken out through the bush. When forming bushes on the trellis, the wire (3) is pulled in two tiers at the height of the boles.

In the third year, sleeves are formed (one-sided or two-sided), from which two-tiered spiral-shaped or horizontal cordons are formed (4). When forming bushes with one-sided sleeves, the length of the latter should be at least twice the distance between the bushes with a garter to the bush of the neighboring bush so that there is no sagging cordon (in the absence of wires). And with the bilateral formation of the sleeves, they are formed γ-shaped (5) for the natural tension of the cordon. Subsequently, fruit formations are formed on the sleeves - 1-3 eye knots (6) and the eye load is determined according to the embryonic bookmark of the crop by the method of kidney microscopy.

An experimental verification of the method was carried out at Zaporizhskaya CJSC on the grade Moldova × Kober 5BB, planting pattern 3.5 × 2.0 m, height of the stem 100 cm and 150 cm, planting year 1995

The economic effect of the proposed method of the invention in comparison with the prototype is 55.9 thousand rubles. (see table).

Claims (2)

1. The method of maintaining a grape bush, including planting a seedling, forming a stem with one or two sleeves and fruit formations on them, characterized in that the bushes of adjacent bushes in a row form of different heights, creating two parallel biological cordons in the row plane, alternating them in height and forming from the sleeves a single biological spiral or horizontal cordon, fruit formations in the form of 1-3 eye knots form on the sleeves, and green shoots hang down without first suspending them between the wires to. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when conducting bushes on a trellis, rows of trellis wires are positioned along the heights of the boles at the level of the cordons.

Images