RU2612207C1 - Method of management and formation of vines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to viticulture. The method includes planting bushes by the scheme, then stakes are placed at every bush, having the height of 100 and 180 cm from the soil surface, alternating them in every second bush. By the beginning of the second growing season a single-plane multitiered trellis is mounted with the placement of trellis wires at a predetermined height from the soil surface. At the beginning of the third growing season after bud breaking at the upper part of each trunk two shoots are left for the formation of cordon arms followed by a fastener as they grow horizontally to the trellis wire on the tiers. At the end of the third growing season they are shortened to the desired length. Then at the end of the fourth and subsequent growing seasons the shoots are fixed, which developed on the cordon arms of the lower tier, as they grow. The pruning of annual ripened shoots of both tiers short is carried out annually, to 2-3 buds. At that the bushes are planted according to the scheme 3.0×1.0 m, by the beginning of the second growing season a single-plane three-tiered trellis is created, with the placement of trellis wires at a height of 35-40, 90-100 and 170-180 cm from the soil surface with alternating bushes in a row with a trunk height of 35-40 cm and 170-180 cm. At the beginning of the third growing season the two shoots left to form the cordon arms are attached horizontally to the trellis wire on the first and the third tiers. During the fourth and subsequent growing seasons the shoots are fixed, which developed on the cordon arms of the lower tier, as they grow in the vertical position to the wire of the second tier of the trellis. The shoots developed on the cordon arms of the upper tier, as they grow, hang freely down toward the shoots of the lower tier, and when they close the top removal is carried out.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the yield and quality of grape plantings.

2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to viticulture, and can be used in the industrial cultivation of grapes, in farms and personal subsidiary plots.

There is a method of forming grape bushes according to the type of a two-tier spiral cordon of the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station (AZOS-1), including a single-plane vertical two-tier trellis, adjacent bushes in a row alternate with the height of the stem 90 ... 120 and 140 ... 170 cm, respectively, and the permanent cordon shoulders are placed horizontally on trellis wire, alternating through the bush at different heights, on which horns with two short knots are created as fruit formations, and vegetative shoots with a crop, developed from wintering eyes, one hangs down from both tiers of trellis wires (A.I. Zhukov. New grape formations and their modifications. / Ensuring sustainable production of the wine and wine industry based on modern scientific achievements. - Materials of the international distance scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Professor A .S. Merzhaniana. - Anapa: GNU Anapskaya ZOSViV, 2010. - P. 72-79, Fig. 4) - analogue.

This method of forming grape bushes is designed for tall bushes of grapes, provides a high load of bushes with eyes, shoots and crops on fertile soils with sufficient moisture supply.

However, a sufficiently strong growth of shoots on the bushes of the upper tier and their free hanging can lead to significant mutual shading of the leaf-stem mass of the bushes of both tiers, to insufficient aeration, illumination, ripening of shoots, poor planting and differentiation of inflorescences in the buds of wintering eyes, which can lead to a decrease in yield grapes and its quality.

There is a method of maintaining and forming grape bushes according to the type of two-tier twisted cordon with a arrangement of bushes 3.0 × 1.25 ... 1.5 m, including a single-plane four-tier trellis, by the beginning of the second vegetation, each bush has stakes of different heights alternating through the bush, 1.0 and 1.8 m from the soil surface, the lower tier of trellis wire is fixed at a height of 90 ... 100 cm from the soil surface, the next three tiers are 25, 30 and 30 cm respectively from each other, during the second vegetation on each bush leave one more developed n run, which will serve to create vertical boles, after the second vegetation, they are cut, alternating through the bush, at a height of the stem 90 ... 100 and 120 ... 125 cm from the soil surface, then at the beginning of the third vegetation after the buds open in the upper part of each stem, leave two shoots to form cordon shoulders, which, as they grow, are mounted horizontally to the trellis wire, respectively, on the first and second tiers and by the end of the growing season, they are shortened to the required length, during the fourth and subsequent growing season shoots developed on pl chach of the cordon of the first tier, hang down freely, and those that develop on the shoulders of the cordon of the second tier are fixed to the wires of the two upper tiers, the annual pruning of the annual mature shoots that have developed on the shoulders of the cordons of both tiers is carried out short - by 1-2 eyes (RF Patent for the invention, No. 2478279. Published: April 10, 2013, Bull. No. 10) is a prototype.

With this method of forming grape bushes as a result of a more rational placement of leaf-stem mass in the trellis plane of both tiers, optimal lighting conditions were created, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was increased, which helps to increase the productivity of vineyards.

However, the vertical placement of vegetative shoots on bushes with a high stem leads to additional costs for the purchase of trellis wire for the device of the third and fourth tiers of the trellis, its annual repair. The vegetative shoots that developed on the shoulders of the lower tier cordon, as they grow, can intertwine with the shoots of the second tier due to the close distance between them (25 cm), which, in turn, can lead to some shading of the leaf-stem mass of adjacent trellis tiers. With the arrangement of bushes 3.0 × 1.25 ... 1.5 m, the formation of long (up to 1.5 m) bilateral shoulders of the cordon will be required, which, due to the polarity, can lead to poor development of shoots from the eyes of the lower zone, and therefore, shortage of grape harvest.

The technical result is to increase the yield and quality of vineyards by more rational distribution of leaf-stem mass with a grape crop in two tiers of the vertical plane of the trellis.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of maintaining and forming grape bushes, including planting bushes according to the scheme, then at each bush installation of stakes 100 and 180 cm high from the soil surface, alternating them through the bush; by the beginning of the second growing season, installation of a single-plane multi-tier trellis with placement of trellis wires at a given height from the soil surface; at the beginning of the third growing season after buds open in the upper part of each stem, two shoots are left to form cordon shoulders, followed by growth horizontally to the trellis wire on tiers; shortening them at the end of the third vegetation by the required length; further, at the end of the fourth and subsequent vegetations, fixing the shoots that developed on the shoulders of the lower tier cordon, as they grow and conducting annual pruning of annual mature shoots of both tiers, shortly to 2-3 eyes, according to the invention, plant bushes according to the 3.0 × 1 scheme, 0 m, at the beginning of the second growing season a single-plane three-tier trellis is created with trellis wires placed at a height of 35-40, 90-100 and 170-180 cm from the soil surface with alternating bushes in a row with the height of the stem 35-40 and 170-180 cm; at the beginning of the third vegetation, two shoots left to form the cordon shoulders are attached horizontally to the trellis wire on the first and third tiers; during the fourth and subsequent vegetations, shoots are developed that have developed on the shoulders of the lower tier cordon, as they grow upright to the wire of the second tier trellis; at the same time, the shoots that developed on the shoulders of the upper tier cordon, as they grow, freely hang down towards the shoots of the lower tier, and when they are closed, chasing is carried out.

The novelty consists in a more rational use of the illuminated plane of the vertical trellis with the placement of a full grape harvest on vegetative shoots in two tiers, alternating through the bush at different heights from the soil surface, which contributes to a significant increase in the yield of vineyards without reducing the quality of the grape berries.

The positive effect is the annual placement of two full-fledged grape harvests in the plane of a vertical trellis in two tiers. At the same time, mutual shading of the leaf-stem mass is excluded, the illumination of the leaf apparatus is improved, the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is increased, the yield of the plantations increases significantly without reducing the quality of the grape berries.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in figure 1 - bushes to trim; in figure 2 - bushes after trimming.

Example. Testing of the proposed method for the formation and maintenance of grape bushes was conducted at Pobeda PJSC in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory on an area of 0.5 hectares of the Cabernet Sauvignon technical grade. As a control, a method for maintaining and forming bushes according to the prototype on an area of 0.5 ha of the same variety was tested. The scheme of planting bushes according to the proposed method and the prototype 3.0 × 1.0 m

With the proposed method of conducting bushes to the beginning of the second growing season, they create a single-plane three-tier trellis (Figures 1 and 2) with three tiers of wire at a height of 35 ... 40 cm (1); 90 ... 100 cm (2) and 170 ... 180 cm (3). Stakes of different heights are installed at each bush, alternating them through the bush, at a height of 100 cm (4) and 180 cm (5) from the soil surface. During the second vegetation, one shoot is left on each bush for the formation of boles, alternating through the bush, with a height of 40 and 170 cm.At the beginning of the third vegetation, after the buds open, two shoots are left in the upper part of each stem to form cordon shoulders (6), which as they grow, the trellis is tied horizontally to the wire, respectively, on the first and third tiers, and at the end of the growing season they are shortened by a length equal to the distance between the bushes (1 m), shoots developed on the shoulders during the fourth and subsequent vegetations Ordon lower layer, as increase secured in an upright position to the second tier trellis wire (7) and shoots developed on the upper shoulders cordon freely hang down toward the lower tier of the shoots (8), while their closing is carried coining. The annual pruning of the annual matured shoots is carried out short with the leaving knots 2-3 eyes long on the horns (9).

At the beginning of the second year of vegetation, a single-plane vertical trellis with four tiers of wire was installed in the control. The first tier is at a height of 90 ... 100 cm from the soil surface, which is used to fasten the lower tier of the cordon’s shoulders, the second one is at a height of 120 ... 125 cm for fastening the upper tier of the cordon’s shoulders, the next two upper tiers are placed each 30 cm from the previous one, which serve for fastening vegetative shoots of the upper tier of the crown of the bush. Each bush set stakes respectively 1.0 and 1.8 m high from the soil surface.

During the second vegetation, one more developed shoot is left on each bush to create boles, which, as they grow, are fixed vertically to the stake, and after growing, they are cut at the height of future boles, alternating through the bush, 0.9 and 1.2 m from the surface the soil.

At the beginning of the third vegetation, two shoots are left in the upper part of each stem to form cordon shoulders, the remaining shoots that have developed along the length of the boles are removed. Shoots intended for the formation of shoulders, as they grow, are fixed horizontally to the wires of the trellis of the first and second tiers. After the growing season they are shortened to the required length.

During the fourth growing season, shoots that developed from the buds of wintering eyes on the shoulders of the cordon of the first tier hung down freely, and shoots that developed on the shoulders of the cordon of the second tier as they grew, were fixed in an upright position between the double wires of the two upper tiers of the trellis wires. Every year, pruning of annual mature shoots that have developed on the shoulders of the cordon of both tiers is carried out shortly up to 2-3 eyes.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method of maintaining and forming grape bushes was carried out by comparison with the prototype.

The table shows that the load on the bush and in terms of hectare according to the proposed method and prototype differed slightly. However, the method of maintaining and forming grape bushes by the proposed method contributed to an increase in the fruiting rate of shoots by 18.2%, the average weight of the bunch by 8.7%, the grape harvest from the bush and the estimated yield per hectare with the proposed method of maintaining bushes is 32.6% higher compared to the prototype.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining and forming grape bushes, including planting bushes according to the scheme, then at each bush installing stakes 100 and 180 cm high from the soil surface, alternating them through the bush; by the beginning of the second growing season, installation of a single-plane multi-tier trellis with placement of trellis wires at a given height from the soil surface; at the beginning of the third growing season after buds open in the upper part of each stem, two shoots are left to form cordon shoulders, followed by growth horizontally to the trellis wire on tiers; shortening them at the end of the third vegetation by the required length; further, at the end of the fourth and subsequent vegetations, fixing the shoots that developed on the shoulders of the lower tier cordon, as they grow and conducting annual pruning of the annual matured shoots of both tiers, shortly to 2-3 eyes, characterized in that they plant bushes according to the 3.0 × 1.0 m, by the beginning of the second growing season, create a single-plane three-tier trellis with placement of trellis wires at a height of 35-40, 90-100 and 170-180 cm from the soil surface with alternating bushes in a row with the height of the stem 35-40 and 170-180 cm ; at the beginning of the third vegetation, two shoots left to form the cordon shoulders are attached horizontally to the trellis wire on the first and third tiers; during the fourth and subsequent vegetations, shoots are developed that have developed on the shoulders of the lower tier cordon, as they grow upright to the wire of the second tier trellis; at the same time, the shoots that developed on the shoulders of the upper tier cordon, as they grow, freely hang down towards the shoots of the lower tier, and when they are closed, chasing is carried out.

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