RU2361389C2 - Method of maintenance of grape bush - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, particularly to viticulture. Method includes planting, mounting of support, cutting and shaping of bushes and area of bearing and attachment of bushes to support. Bush is formed with one or two shortcut hoses with fruit bearing seedstalk on the end, cut for required length. End of hoses are located for 5-7 cm higher wire. Basis of bearing seedstalk are bended down, it is implemented 1-2 turns lengthwise wire of medium part and seedstalk end is affixed to wire.

EFFECT: receiving of ability to form strong vines and receive high-quality harvest.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes (K.V. Smirnov, L.M. Maltabar, A.K. Rajabov, N.V. Matuzok. Viticulture. Publishing house TSHA. Moscow. - 1998. - p.343. - Fig. 77) . The method includes planting plants, forming a stem with two sleeves, which consist of a horn and a fruit arrow with 8-12 eyes, which are tied to the stem from different sides in the form of a ring.

The disadvantage of this method is that the grape bush has a limited crown space in which shoots and leaf apparatus are placed. This leads to severe thickening of the leaf apparatus and inhibition of shoot growth in the middle and upper zones of the shooters and, as a result, to a decrease in the productivity of bushes and a deterioration in the quality of the crop.

There is also known a method of maintaining bushes (A. S. Merzhanian. Viticulture. Publishing house "Kolos. - Moscow. - 1967. - c. 298. Fig. 133), including planting plants, the formation of a trunk with a horizontal shoulder with horns with fruiting arrows, which, starting from the second or third eye, give a "passive position" by bending them into an arc.

The disadvantage of this method of management is that the completion of the formation of bushes occurs with a delay of 2-3 years, i.e. 5-6 years after planting, as well as the fact that due to the sharp bend of the shooter, not only the normal structure and sap flow in the bast part of the vine is disturbed, but also the normal state of the wood vessels. As a result, the growth of shoots after the bend is significantly weakened. This leads to a general decrease in the growth force of the bush, adversely affecting its bearing.

There is also a method of maintaining grape bushes (K.V. Smirnov, L.M. Maltabar, A.K. Rajabov, N.V. Matuzok. Viticulture. Publishing house TSHA. - Moscow. - 1998. - p. 342. Fig. 75 ) (prototype), including planting, forming a stem with one or two fruit units, which consist of a horn, a knot of substitution with 2-3 eyes and a fruit arrow with 8-12 eyes. The fruit arrow is tied up horizontally on the first tier of the trellis.

The disadvantage of this method is that the pruning to remove prolific vines is carried out on the 3-year-old part of the sleeve, which leads to the formation of large difficult to heal wounds and reduce the productive age of the sleeves. In addition, placing the substitution knot below the fruiting arrow creates less favorable conditions for the development of shoots on the substitution knot, because they are in worse lighting conditions.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the resistance of plants to stress factors of the growth environment, durability, increase the crown space provided for placement of shoots and leaf apparatus, improve the radiation regime of the vineyard, increase the productivity of photosynthesis, yield and quality of berries. In addition, the method provides universalization of the reference system, i.e. the possibility of application in all zones of viticulture in the root and grafted vineyards.

This goal is achieved in that in the method of maintaining a grape bush, including planting plants, installing a support, pruning and forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to a support, characterized in that the bush is formed with one or two shortened sleeves with fruit arrows bearing fruit , trimmed to the desired length, the ends of the sleeves are placed 5-7 cm above the wire, the bases of the fruit bearing arrows are bent down, 1-2 turns are made along the wire and attached at its tip to the wire.

New is the proposed structure for the formation and maintenance of the grape bush.

It is significant in the proposed technical solution that, in this method, the ends of the sleeves, without replacement knots, are formed 5-7 cm above the wire, on which one arrow of fruiting is placed, cut to the desired length, while the lower part of the arrow is bent to the third eye down to the trellis wire, produce 1-2 turns along the wire and attach at the tip to the wire.

The implementation of the claimed method is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1-8 schematically shows the formation of bushes according to the proposed method.

1 - grape bush;

2 - a knot;

3 - shoot intended for the formation of a bush;

4 - support (individual stake);

5 - trellis wire;

6 - trellis;

7 - first order stepson shoots to create a sleeve;

8 - sleeve;

9 - stepson shoot of the 2nd order to create a fruiting arrow;

10 - arrow fruiting;

11 - the base of the fruit bearing arrow;

12 - the tip of the fruit bearing arrow;

13 - the first shoot on the fruit bearing arrow.

The method is as follows.

The vineyard is laid with aisles of 2-3 m. In a row, bushes are planted with distances between them of 0.5-1-1.5 m.

In the year of planting, they create conditions for the good development of the root system and the leaf apparatus. In the second vegetation (Figs. 1 and 4), one knot 2 is left on the bush 1, cutting it into two eyes. After the development of shoots on the bush (FIGS. 2 and 6), only one successfully located shoot 3 is left, which, as it grows, is tied to an individual stake (support) 4, and then pinched at a height of 5-7 cm above the first wire 5 of the trellis 6. Developed after this operation, the stepson shoots are removed with the exception of the two uppermost 7, which are used to form the sleeves 8 (FIGS. 3 and 7), for which they are pinched over 3-4 knots. Of the resulting stepson shoots 9 of the 2nd order (Fig.2 and 6) leave 1-2 to create a fruiting arrow 10 (Fig.3 and 7).

In the spring of the third year (FIGS. 3 and 7), from the stepson shoots 9 (FIGS. 2 and 6) create a fruiting arrow 10 (FIGS. 3 and 7) and cut it to the desired length. After that, the base 11 (FIGS. 4 and 8) of the arrow 10 is bent downward, then 1-2 turns are made along the wire 5 and attached to the tip 12 (FIGS. 4 and 8) to the wire.

In the spring of the fourth year (figures 4 and 8), the bushes are pruned. The first shoot 13 (FIGS. 3 and 7), which developed on a bend, is cut off to the fruit bearing arrow, the rest of the last year fruit bearing arrow is removed. The newly formed arrow 10 (FIGS. 4 and 8) is bent (base) downward, then 1-2 turns are made along wire 5 and attached to the tip 12 (FIGS. 4 and 8).

In the fourth vegetation and subsequent years, the fundamental nature of pruning does not change, i.e. the bases of the fruit vines give the necessary bend, turn along the wire and fixing the vines at the tip.

Placing the fruiting arrow on the tip of the sleeve formed 5-7 cm higher than the first trellis wire giving the base of the arrow a bend and fixing it with 1-2 turns on the wire and garter for the tip gives the bushes resistance to wind loads, increases the crown space of the bushes provided for placement vines, shoots and leaf apparatus, allows you to increase the load of bushes with eyes, shoots and crops, improve the radiation regime of the vineyard and the productivity of photosynthesis of the leaf apparatus, the influx of nutrients to escape at the bottom bend arrows designed for next year's crop, enhance all indicators fruitfulness and yield of plants.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield and quality of berries in a wide range to maneuver the magnitude of the plant load by shoots and yield, to increase labor productivity and plant resistance to stressful situations.

Claims (1)

A method of maintaining a grape bush, including planting plants, installing a support, pruning and forming bushes and a fruiting zone, attaching bushes to a support, characterized in that the bush is formed with one or two shortened sleeves with fruit bearing fruit on the end, trimmed to the desired length, ends the sleeves are placed 5-7 cm above the wire, the bases of the fruit bearing arrows are bent down, 1-2 turns are carried out along the wire and attached at the tip to the wire.

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