RU2641521C1 - Method of maintaining vine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method includes planting grape vines according to the scheme 2.5-3.0×0.75-1.0 m. A Y-shaped stem and a twisted cordon with 3-4-eyelet fruit links at the stem height of 100 cm from the laterals of the second order, ensuring the vine stability, are formed.EFFECT: expanding functionality and simplifying the method, increasing the productivity of the plantings.1 dwg,1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, the direction of crop production, viticulture industry.

A grape variety does not show economically valuable traits fully embedded in its genome if cultivation technology and climatic factors do not coincide with the requirements of biology. Increasing the productivity of individual varieties and the industry as a whole is possible with the planting system, which reveals the biological potential of plants.

In viticulture, the method of forming a bush “High-standard cordon” (I. Mikhaylyuk, M. Kuharsky, I. Mikhalake - High-standard grape culture. - “Cartya Moldovenyaske”, Chisinau, 1978), which consists in maintaining a vine bush on tall supports about 120 cm. In the second year, two opposite stepson are formed, intended for the future shoulders of the cordon, they are tied as they grow along the wire in opposite directions from the main shoot - the stem.

In the third year, shoots that are not necessary for the formation of horns are removed at the next shoulder of the cordon. At the same time, 3-4 shoots are left on each cordon shoulder at a distance of about 20 cm from one another, and the first shoot is at least 10 cm from the bend of the stem. The developing shoots on the shoulders of the cordon must be tied to the second or third wire. In the fourth year, horns formed in the bulk of the bushes. Further pruning of bushes is carried out according to the principle of a fruit link (substitute knot + fruit arrow). In the fifth year, the main mass of bushes formed fruit links.

The disadvantage of this method of formation is the incomplete use of the biological potential of the variety due to the limited mass of perennial wood - a pantry of plastic substances, an extended formation period, a high number of supports: a stand-up stake 120-150 cm high, a large amount of wire are placed near each bush: a 4-level wire trellis.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is the bush management method "Spiral cordon AZOS-1 (" Spiral cordon AZOS-1 "; E. Egorov, A. Adzhiev and others." Viticulture in Russia: present and future ". - Makhachkala. Publishing house" New day ". - 2004. - S. 376). The essence of the prototype lies in the fact that the vineyard is laid according to the scheme of 3.0-4.0 × 1.0-2.5 m, the bushes of the bushes are 90-170 cm high. Sleeves form in the form of a spiral, wrapping them in a helix with a trellis wire, and on them as fruit formations create 1-3-eye knots or horns with two short knots. The tapestry is made with one tier of wire, at the height of the stem.

The disadvantages of the above method:

- a high number of supports: near each bush a stand-by stake is placed 120-150 cm high,

- incomplete use of the biological potential of the variety due to the limited mass of perennial wood.

The technical result of the proposed method for maintaining grape bushes is to increase the productivity of grape bushes; reduction of material costs.

Resource conservation and yield increase is ensured by optimizing the design of the habit of the grape bush. The formation, which consists in removing the branched Y-stem and twisted cordon, really increases the supply of perennial wood of bushes, due to which the potentialities of the grape variety change; a powerful root system is formed using the fully provided nutritional area. The period of formation of bushes is reduced. With this technology, the grape variety successfully resists adverse environmental conditions (frost, drought, freezing), the fruiting of the eyes and the efficiency of the leaf apparatus increase.

The fixed highly adaptive cordon created in the process of elimination can reduce costs:

- on stand posts;

- to trim;

- to garter green shoots as they grow;

- facilitates trimming and manual cleaning, it becomes possible to fully mechanize these works.

The essence of the method lies in the system of creating a strong stable form of the bush.

The arrangement of grape bushes in a row - taking into account the biology of the variety (the growth force of the grape variety): row spacing 2.5-3.0 m, distance between bushes 0.75-1.0 m.

The first year of vegetation.

In the year of planting, seedlings are cut into 3 eyes. Green operations with a bush are not carried out. All developed shoots are left on the bush to increase the maximum leaf area and root system.

The second year of vegetation.

In the spring, near each bush, a standard peg is installed. With an interval of 5.0-6.0 meters, stakes 120 cm high are installed in a row. The lower tier of a wire with a diameter of 2.5 mm is pulled at a height of 40 cm from the ground. The upper tier of a wire with a diameter of 4 mm is pulled at a height of 100 cm, around which in the future there will be a permanent twisted cord shoulder.

During spring pruning, one of the most developed and located in the row plane shoots is selected, which is cut into 2 eyes.

The debris of extra shoots is carried out when they reach a length of 40 cm.Leave one shoot, which is tied to a standard peg as it grows, pinch the shoot at a height of 40 cm to form two shoots from the top 2 stepsons. As they grow, the shoots are tied to the upper tier of the wire. When the shoots reach a length equal to the height of the future branched stem (100 cm), they are pinched, causing the growth of second-stage stepsons. Of the formed two upper stepsons (one on each side), shoots, as they grow, lead around the wire towards each other. The future permanent horizontal twisted cordon is located at a height of 100 cm from the soil surface.

The third year of vegetation.

In the spring of the third year, as the green shoots grow (7-10 cm), a debris is carried out on the lower side and on the sides of the cordon. The shoots that have grown in the upper part, pinch over the second node, form fruit links. In the fall of the third year, pruning is done for a knot of substitution - for 2 eyes and a fruit vine - for 3-4 eyes. Autumn pruning of the third year of vegetation completes the formation of bushes.

Case Studies

The experimental plot of the agricultural company LLC "Abrau-Durso" (Novorossiysk, pp. Abrau-Durso).

Technical grape variety Pinot Blanc. Landing pattern 3.0 × 1.0 m.

Comparative analysis of the prototype and the proposed method

The harvest of Pinot Blanc grapes on bushes bred by the claimed method was 1.2 times higher than the control variant. Qualitative indicators of berries exceeded the control option, which is important for winemaking. The sugar content of grape berry juice obtained by the claimed method of formation was 1.2 g / 100 cm ³ higher than the "Spiral cordon AZOS-1". Due to the significant accumulation of perennial wood, the fruitfulness of the eyes increases, a powerful root system forms, and the efficiency of the leaf apparatus increases. Thus, medium-sized industrial grape varieties (Pinot Blanc) are responsive to the stock of perennial wood and the shape of the bush, where due to the better use of the PAR, the productivity of the plantations is increased 1.2 times in comparison with other forms of the bush.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting grape bushes according to the scheme 2.5-3.0 × 0.75-1.0 m, characterized in that they form a Y-shaped stem providing strength of the shape of the grape bush and at the height of the stem 100 cm from stepsons second order - twisted cordon with 3-4-eye fruit links.

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