RU2400970C1 - North caucasian intensive training technique - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: technique involves the implementation of a horizontal T-shaped hedgerow system. The row-spacing width is specified 4 m, the vine distance is 2.0-2.5-3.0 m, and the bole height is 130 cm. The distance of the T-shaped bar ends is 100 cm. The T-shaped bole poles are mounted after every four vines. A vertical bole adjoins the T-shaped support, while four unsupported spiral-bole vines are arranged between the supports.

EFFECT: higher vine productivity, facilitated hand harvest and trimming, and reduced material costs.

1 dwg, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, the direction of plant growing, industry - viticulture.

A grape variety does not show economically valuable traits fully embedded in its genome if cultivation technology and climatic factors do not coincide with the requirements of biology.

Increasing the productivity of individual varieties and the industry as a whole is possible with a planting management system that maximizes the use of PAR efficiency, which helps to reveal the biological potential of plants.

In viticulture, the method of forming a bush “high-standard cordon” (I. Mihailiuk, M. Kuharsky, I. Mihalake. High-standard grape culture. “Cartya Moldovenienasca.” Chisinau, 1978), which consists in maintaining a vine bush on piers with a height of about 120 cm. In the third year, two stepson (opposite) are formed, designed for the future shoulders of the cordon, they are tied as they grow along the wire in opposite directions from the main shoot - the stem.

In the fourth year, on the future shoulder of the cordon, shoots that are not necessary for the formation of horns are removed. At the same time, 3-4 shoots are left on each shoulder at a distance of about 20 cm from one another, and the first shoot is at least 10 cm from the bend of the stem.

The developing shoots on the shoulders of the cordon must be tied to the second or third wire, especially for 3 years, when the formation of horns, fruit links.

In the fifth year, the main mass of bushes formed fruit links. Further pruning of bushes is carried out according to the principle of a fruit link (knot of substitution + fruit arrow). The length of the shoulders of each bush is gradually (over the years) increased until they join with the neighboring bush.

The disadvantage of this method of formation is the incomplete use of the biological potential of the variety due to the limited mass of perennial wood - a pantry of plastic substances; high number of supports: a stand-by stake with a height of 120-150 cm is placed near each bush; a large number of wires: 4 - wire trellis is used.

Closest to the claimed is the method of conducting bush "Double Geneva Curtain" (DZH) (Geneva Research Station, New York, USA, 1975).

DZH is a reference system that allows the use of T-shaped supports of bushes to place the shoulders of the cordon on two parallel wires located at the ends of the T-shaped crossbars, i.e. green shoots are located two-line, on two parallel, high-set and falling rows, reminiscent of a curtain.

The crossbeam is placed at a height of 160-180 cm. The distance between the ends of the T-bar is 200 cm.

The bushes formed as a double Geneva curtain are very powerful, since each shoulder is equal to the distance between the bushes in a row.

The principle of forming a double Geneva curtain is similar to a high-stamped double-sided cordon.

The disadvantages of the above method:

- a high number of supports: near each bush there is a support with a T-shaped crossbar - 40 pieces per 100-meter row (with a planting scheme of 4 × 2.5 m) - 1000 pieces per 1 ha;

- the height of the stem 160-180 cm complicates manual work on pruning, care of the bush and harvesting;

- 3-wire trellis is used.

The technical result of the proposed method of maintaining grape bushes SKIF is to increase the productivity of grape bushes; reduction of material costs.

Facilitating manual harvesting and trimming, and there is the possibility of complete mechanization of these works.

Increasing the productivity of grape bushes is achieved by forming a twisted stem, consisting of two boles, which actually increases the supply of perennial wood of bushes; the potentialities of the grape variety are changing.

Due to the significant accumulation of perennial wood, a powerful root system is formed that uses the entire nutrition area. The grape variety with this technology successfully resists the adverse conditions of the season (drought, frost, low air temperatures), the fruitfulness of the eyes increases sharply, the presentation of the grapes in the table grape varieties improves. The efficiency of the sheet apparatus increases.

The reduction of material costs is achieved by changing the parameters of T-shaped pit stakes: the height of the stem is reduced (130 cm); the distance between the ends of the T-shaped crossbar (100 cm); number of wires. The number of T-shaped stakes is reduced by 4 times. For a 100-meter row, instead of 40 (prototype), 10 are used. T-shaped stakes of 130 cm in height are installed through 4 bushes or after 10 meters with a bushes layout of 4 × 2.5 m. 4 bushes located between supports, formed on high twisted stem height 130 cm, do not require support.

To maintain the grape bushes according to the SKIF formation, a layout scheme for the grape bushes is provided: the row spacing is 4 m, the distance between the bushes is 2.0-2.5-3.0 m.

The formation of the formation begins with the removal of the shtamb: near the T-shaped support - a vertical shtamb; between the supports are bushes with twisted booms.

Vertical Stamb. In the year of planting, the seedlings are cut for 2-3 eyes, all developed shoots are left on the bush. In the spring of the second year, when trimming, one of the most developed and conveniently located shoots is selected and cut into 2 eyes, the remaining shoots are removed.

On the bush, leave one of the most developed shoots, which, as they grow, they are tied strictly vertically to the column at least 3-4 times during the summer. Garter is carried out simultaneously with debris and pinching.

When the shoot reaches a length equal to the height of the future stem (130 cm), pinch it, causing the growth of stepsons. Pinching is performed 10 cm below the first tier of wires (110 cm).

After pinching, leave the two upper stepson, the rest are removed. They form the future shoulders of the cordons.

In the third year of vegetation, the formation of the shoulders of the cordon and horns from the lower side continues.

In the spring of the fourth year, they begin to form fruit links on the horns. The lower shoot is cut into a 2-3-eye knot, the upper one into the fruit arrow (4 eyes). Shoots grown on the extension of the shoulder of the cordon are cut into 2-3-eye horns.

Twisted shtamb. In the year of planting, seedlings are cut into 3 eyes. In order to create a leaf surface and nurture a powerful root system, all developed shoots are left on the bush. In the spring of the second year, when trimming, two of the most developed and conveniently located shoots are selected and each of them is cut into 2 eyes, all other shoots are removed.

When the shoots reach a length of 25-30 cm, the two most developed shoots are left and tied up vertically to the stake.

When the shoots reach a length equal to the height of the future stem, they twist and pinch, causing the growth of stepchildren. After pinching, leave the two upper stepson, the rest are removed. From the developed upper stepsons, the future shoulders of the cordons are formed.

In the fourth year, the formation of fruit links on the horns continues.

In the fifth year, the formation of cordons has basically been completed.

Case Studies

Example 1. The North Caucasian intensive formation (SKIF) was tested on a vigorous table grape variety of Moldova at the experimental site of the Gelendzhik agricultural complex. The control version of the Double Geneva Curtain.

The shape of the bush varieties Moldova Landing pattern, m Density of stands, bushes / ha Height of the stem, cm Harvest from the bush, kg Harvest from 1 ha, c The marketability of bunches,% Fertility of the eyes,% "DZhZ" 4 × 2.5 1000 160 17.9 179.0 80.7 92.5 "SCYTHIAN" 4 × 2.5 1000 130 23.0 230,0 96.5 100.0

The yield on the SKIF bushes was 1.3 times higher than in the control. The presentation of bunches improves, the efficiency of the sheet apparatus increases.

Microscopic analysis of the buds of wintering ocelli showed their higher fruitfulness on the bushes formed according to the SKIF type (100%), and the number of ocelli with two inflorescences increases, while in DZhZ the ovum fertility remains at the level (92.5%) )

Due to the significant accumulation of perennial wood, the bushes of the Moldovan variety, formed according to the SKIF type, are used to the fullest extent possible.

Material costs are reduced due to the reduction of T-shaped stand-up stakes and the amount of wire.

Formation Landing pattern, m Density of stands The number of posts per 1 ha, pcs The amount of wire per 1 ha, kg "DZhZ" 4.0 × 2.5 1000 1000 300 "SCYTHIAN" 250 200

Example 2. The North Caucasian intensive formation (SKIF) was tested on a medium-sized universal variety of Muscat Ottonel grapes in the experimental section of the Gelendzhik agricultural complex.

The control option is the formation of the “Double Geneva Curtain” (“DZhZ”).

Muscat Ottonel variety bush form Landing pattern, m Density of stands, bushes / ha Height of the stem, cm Harvest from the bush, kg Harvest from 1 ha, c Sugar content of berry juice, g / 100 cm ³ "DZhZ" 4x2.5 1000 160 14.3 143.0 18.7 "SCYTHIAN" 4x2.5 1000 130 15.0 150.0 20.3

The crop on the bushes of SKIF was slightly higher than the DZhZ. Muscat Ottonel, a universal mid-sized grape variety that is different in biology from Moldova, is less responsive to the increase in perennial wood. However, the quality indicators of berries exceeded the control option, which is important for winemaking. The sugar content of berry juice in SKIF was 1.5 g / 100 cm ³ higher than DZhZ.

Thus, the studies performed suggest that table-grown grape varieties are most responsive to their management in large-sized forms of the SKIF type, where, due to the better use of PAR, the productivity of plantings increases by 1.3–2 times in comparison with other forms of the bush.

The method is illustrated by the drawing, where 1 - the height of the stem - 130 cm, 2 - the distance between the poles - 2.5 m, 3 - the distance between the ends of the T-shaped crossbar - 100 cm, 4 - two parallel wires at a distance of 100 cm from each other ( wire diameter 5 mm), 5 - posts with a crossbar are installed through four bushes, 6 - links are formed on the horizontal part of the cordon shoulder.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining grape bushes North Caucasian intensive formation, including the creation of a horizontal T-shaped trellis system, characterized in that they choose a row spacing of 4 m, the distance between the bushes 2.0-2.5-3.0 m, the height of the stem 130 cm, the distance between the ends of the T-shaped crossbar is 100 cm, T-shaped stakes are installed through four bushes, a vertical boom is formed near the T-shaped support, and four bushes with twisted booms that do not require support between the supports.

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