CN104663198A

CN104663198A - Eggplant head regeneration and pruning method without putting up frame

Info

Publication number: CN104663198A
Application number: CN201510048694.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武彦荣; 潘秀清; 高秀瑞; 李冰; 张敬敬; 霍海明; 吕婉明
Original assignee: INSTITUTE OF CASH CROPS HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
Current assignee: INSTITUTE OF CASH CROPS HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
Priority date: 2015-01-30
Filing date: 2015-01-30
Publication date: 2015-06-03

Abstract

The invention discloses an eggplant head regeneration and pruning method without putting up a frame. The method includes: using a 2-3 stem pruning method before the fourth fruit of eggplants, that is to say, reserving one lateral bud below the first fruit of the eggplants to form 2-stem branches, reserving one lateral bud below each of two pair eggplants to form 4-stem branches, reserving 2-3 main stems and removing all the rest lateral branches; cutting the branches during harvesting of the fourth fruit of the eggplants, selecting one robust lateral bud with a flower bud among leaf axils below fruit to serve as a fruiting branch, reserving 3-5 lateral branches of lateral buds germinated on the fruiting branch at any time for fruiting, cutting off the branches during harvesting, selecting the lateral bud with a flower bud among leaf axils below fruit for continuous growth, and repeating the process. The small greenhouse double-cover open-field eggplant one-year-one-crop cultivation adopts the continuous head regeneration and pruning method without putting up the frame, plant growth vigor is high, plant type is compact, lodging resistance is achieved, later fruit is regular, good in coloring and good in commodity, high continuous fruit bearing capability is achieved, high yield is achieved, manpower and labor are saved, cost is saved, and efficiency is increased.

Description

A kind of eggplant not built changes a pruning method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of eggplant not built change a pruning method, two to cover for hut, open country eggplant 1 year one batch of high-yield high-efficiency cultivation.

Background technology

Eggplant is one of important solanaceous vegetables, early spring hut twoly to cover, outdoor cropping eggplant cultivated area is large, because administrative skill is relatively simple, input-output ratio is high, is one of principal mode of eggplant plantation.The two covering of hut, outdoor cropping eggplant need built in principle, by the end of July to uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested by the end of October, and mu planting density 1800-2000 strain.In production, training type mainly contains 2 kinds, one is that the following side shoot of an eggplant all removes, prune according to eggplant branching habit later, namely following reservation lateral bud is spent eggplant stem first, first time " bifurcation " type 2 bar branch is formed with stem, on branch each raw 1 flower after raw 2-3 sheet leaf, retain and spend next lateral bud, 2 branches are formed second time " bifurcation " type totally 4 bar branches, on branch each raw 1 flower after raw 2-3 sheet leaf, retain and spend next lateral bud, 4 branches are formed third time " bifurcation " type 8 bar branch, corresponding formation door eggplant, to eggplant, four door sockets, the fruits such as octahedral wind (in theory like this, in fact so many fruits are not tied), this method is usually used in the cultivation of open country eggplant, this training type extensive management, side shoot is too many, later stage cauline leaf closing, plant is dilapidated, fruit head is too little, and it is painted bad, commodity value is poor, damage by disease and insect occurs serious.Two is 4 bar trainings, namely the following side shoot of door eggplant all removes, following reservation lateral bud is spent eggplant stem first, first time " bifurcation " type 2 bar branch is formed with stem, on branch each raw 1 flower after raw 2-3 sheet leaf, retain and spend next lateral bud, 2 branches are formed second time " bifurcation " type totally 4 bar branches, retain 4 fruit bearing shoot, this method is more common in the two covering of hut, need built or bracing wire lodging-prevention, this training type is after four door socket eggplants are gathered, along with plant increases, top cane is more and more thinner, easily fracture after bearing fruit, fruit diminishes gradually simultaneously, color and luster is gloomy, commodity is poor, later stage yields poorly.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of high-yield and high-efficiency for above technical problem and the strong eggplant of fruit marketability not built change a pruning method.

The present invention is by the following technical solutions:

A kind of eggplant not built changes a pruning method, and it comprises the following steps:

(1) field planting: seedling is carried out field planting by the density of 1600-2000 plant/acre; Fertile soil, mu planting density 1600 strain, barrenly, mu planting density 2000 strain, size row is cultivated, wide row space 1.2 meters, little line-spacing 0.8 meter, spacing in the rows 0.33-0.37 rice.

(2) 2-3 bar training: spend following reservation lateral bud stem first, first time " bifurcation " type 2 bar branch is formed with stem, on described branch each raw 1st spend after, following reservation lateral bud is spent at this, 2 branches are formed second time " bifurcation " type totally 4 bar branches, in this 4 bar branch, retain 2-3 branch as a result, remove all the other branches;

(3) head training is changed: after the fruit maturation on the above results branch, carry out during harvesting changing head, namely below the fruit of each fruit bearing shoot, select and remain the side shoot of a sturdy band bud between axil as new fruit bearing shoot, the former fruit bearing shoot being positioned at more than this new fruit bearing shoot together cuts off when plucking fruit; New fruit bearing shoot sprouts lateral bud at any time, branch is stayed according to field ventilation and penetrating light situation, take close few rare many principles, retain 3-5 side shoot as a result, carry out changing head when plucking the fruit on result side shoot, the side shoot with bud between axil below this fruit of namely selecting and remain is as new result side shoot, and the former result side shoot being positioned at more than this result side shoot together cuts off when plucking fruit again, successively repeatedly, throughout the growing season not built.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method is applicable to that hut two covers, the cultivation of open country eggplant, by pruning branch continuously, obviously can improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, plant short strong, resistant to lodging, disease resistance is strong; After changing head continuously, new shoot growth is vigorous, and fruit head is large and even, color and luster is good, and continuous bearing capacity is strong, and later stage output is high; Exempt from built, save bamboo pole, tied rope and artificial, suitability for scale production; By continuous beta pruning, density is put rare, and branches and leaves are reasonable in field distribution, ventilation and penetrating light, and later stage fruit color is even, and commodity fruit rate is high; Field ventilation and penetrating light, again reduces disease and occurs, decrease Pesticide use amount; Eggplant one batch of cultivation in a year, extends picking time, and saved seed and the planting cost of the rotation of crops, saving of work and time, planting benefit is high.

Embodiment

Specifically technical solution of the present invention is set forth below in conjunction with example.

Test is located at hamming planting base suddenly, great Wu village of Shijiazhuang City Pingshan County great Wu township, 2012-2013 continuous 2 years repeated tests.

High-quality, high yield, disease-resistant variety " Qieza No.2 " that eggplant scion variety selects Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Economic Crops Institute to be bred as.Root-stock selection is immune to verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, the wildness eggplant " Solanum Torvum " that grafting affinity is good.Sowing on December 8 stock, sowing scion on January 8, use cleft graft grafting, grafting on March 10, field planting on April 3, May 25 started to gather, and October 26 uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested.

Change head training test and establish 4 density, all adopt the cultivation of size row.1. mu density 2200 strain, wide row space 1.2 meters, little line-spacing 0.8 meter, spacing in the rows 0.3 meter; 2. mu density 2000 strain, wide row space 1.2 meters, little line-spacing 0.8 meter, spacing in the rows 0.33 meter; 3. mu density 1800 strain, wide row space 1.2 meters, little line-spacing 0.8 meter, spacing in the rows 0.37 meter; 4. mu density 1600 strain, wide row space 1.2 meters, little line-spacing 0.8 meter, spacing in the rows 0.41 meter.

Compare with mu density 1800 strain, line-spacing 1.0 meters, spacing in the rows 0.37 meter, 4 bar trainings.

Adopt great Qu pairing method, repeat for 1 time, great Qu area 330m ².Field management other measures except training are identical.

Change head training step as follows:

(1) after plant field planting, on stem, the fruit of first bow structure cries " door eggplant ", the lateral bud under reservation door eggplant between adjacent blades axil, forms first time " bifurcation " shape 2 bar branch with stem;

On bifurcation shape branch each raw 1 flower after raw 2-3 sheet leaf, the fruit of tying cries " to eggplant ";

(3) retain the lateral bud under eggplant between adjacent blades axil equally, 2 branches are formed second time " bifurcation " shape totally 4 bar branches, each branch point to wear after raw 2-3 sheet leaf again each raw 1 flower, the fruit of tying cries " four door sockets ";

(4) to select and remain in 4 bar branches 2-3 healthy and strong, daylighting is good branch, all the other side shoots are all erased, head is changed when four door socket eggplants are gathered, lateral bud result again later by sprouting between fruit bearing shoot axil, during fruit harvesting, then carry out changing head, successively repeatedly, whole vegetative period, plant height remained on about 1.2 meters, and every strain can bear fruit 14-16 continuously.Result of the test is as table 1:

Table 1 density and training type result of the test Biao great district area 330m ²

Note: folding per mu yield=strain number × per plant number × mean fruit weight × contracting value coefficient 0.85

Claims

1. eggplant not built change a pruning method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) field planting: seedling is carried out field planting by the density of 1600-2000 plant/acre;

(3) change head training: after the fruit maturation on the above results branch, carry out changing head during harvesting, a side shoot of namely selecting and remain between axil below the fruit of each fruit bearing shoot is as new fruit bearing shoot, and the former fruit bearing shoot being positioned at more than this new fruit bearing shoot together cuts off when plucking fruit; Retain 3-5 in the lateral bud that new fruit bearing shoot is sprouted at any time, make it grow up to result side shoot, when plucking the fruit on result side shoot, then carry out changing head, successively repeatedly.