CN110839488A - Cultivation method of passion flower seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation method of passion flower seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN110839488A CN110839488A CN201911047648.3A CN201911047648A CN110839488A CN 110839488 A CN110839488 A CN 110839488A CN 201911047648 A CN201911047648 A CN 201911047648A CN 110839488 A CN110839488 A CN 110839488A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating passion flower seedlings, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) seedling breeding: culturing Passiflora edulis seedlings in a greenhouse, controlling the air temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity to be 80-90%, and when the plants grow to 70-80cm and the outdoor temperature is stably higher than 15 ℃, taking out of the greenhouse for planting; (2) and (3) transplanting and managing the big seedlings: transplanting the nursery stock to the field for planting. The method for cultivating the large passion flower seedlings provided by the invention is characterized in that the large passion flower seedlings are bred in a greenhouse in winter, the height of the bred large seedlings reaches 70-80cm when the bred large seedlings are out of a nursery, and the large seedlings are quickly put on a shelf to enter a flowering and fruiting period after being transplanted in spring. Can shorten the recovery period of transplanting the seedlings into the field, and shorten the vegetative growth period of the transplanted plants by prolonging the growth time of the plants in the greenhouse, thereby achieving the effect of early flowering and fruiting. Compared with the conventional cultivation mode for cultivating the small seedlings, the cultivation method for cultivating the large seedlings can lead the fruit harvest period to be 30-40 days earlier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting of passion flower, in particular to a method for cultivating passion flower seedlings.
Background
Passion fruit, also known as passion fruit, passion fruit and passion fruit, is sour, sweet and delicious in fruit juice, has the compound fragrance of a plurality of fruits such as pineapples, bananas, lemons, apples and the like, is commonly used for fresh food and fruit juice processing, and is known as the king of fruit juice. Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places in China are all cultivated. The cultivars mainly include passion fruit, passion fruit and their hybrids. The passion fruit is a tropical or subtropical vine plant, has strong adaptability and stress resistance, and is favored by soil environments which are rich in organic matters, loose, deep in soil layer, good in drainage and sufficient in sunlight. According to observation, the optimum growth temperature is 20-30 ℃, the minimum temperature is not lower than 5 ℃, and the plant grows slowly when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃.
At present, new seedlings are generally planted in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places in 3-4 months, the plant height of the seedlings sold in the market is generally about 15cm, the plants grow slowly in early spring and low temperature seasons, the plants can usually bloom and bear fruits in 6-7 months, the first batch of fruits can be harvested in 8-9 months, the purchase price of passion fruit (purple fruit) is reduced from 4-6 yuan/jin to 2-3 yuan/jin, and the period of improving the best planting benefit is missed. Therefore, the vegetative growth period of the plants in the low-temperature season is shortened, the plants are promoted to bloom and bear fruits as early as possible, the plants are harvested in advance, and the economic benefit of growers can be obviously improved.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of passion flower seedlings, so that the defects of slow growth and late flowering and fruiting of passion flower in early spring are overcome.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for cultivating passion flower seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling breeding: culturing Passiflora edulis seedlings in a greenhouse, controlling the air temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity to be 80-90%, and when the plants grow to 70-80cm and the outdoor temperature is stably higher than 15 ℃, taking out of the greenhouse for planting;
(2) and (3) transplanting and managing the big seedlings: transplanting the nursery stock to the field for planting.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the seedling raising in the step (1) is to plant the seedling in a seedling raising cup, the seedling raising cup is filled with a seedling raising substrate, and the support rod is inserted beside the seedling after the seedling is planted in the seedling raising cup.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the raw materials of the seedling substrate comprise peat soil and perlite, and the volume ratio of the mixture of the peat soil and the perlite is 7-10: 1.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, 800-1500 times liquid high-nitrogen type water-soluble compound fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed every 10-15 days in the seedling breeding period in the step (1).
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the bactericide is 1200-2000 times liquid carbendazim or 1200-2000 times liquid copper oxychloride.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, grafting or/and cutting seedlings are adopted for seedling breeding in the step (1).
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the step (2) of transplanting the big seedlings is: transplanting the seedlings into the field, inserting rods beside the seedlings to guide vines to climb the trellis after transplanting, cutting off main vine tips when the plants are about to grow to trellis supporting lines to promote growth of second-stage vines, guiding the second-stage vines to grow along the trellis supporting lines in different directions, respectively performing topping treatment when the second-stage vines of adjacent plants grow to be in contact with each other, and promoting growth of third-stage vines to form fruiting branches.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, after the seedlings are transplanted in the step (2), water and fertilizer management is carried out, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used before the plants are put on shelves in the seedling stage, additional fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage of new shoots, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, and a strip-shaped ditch or annular ditch fertilizing method is adopted and soil is covered.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the fertilizer applied in the topdressing period contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of the potassium is 1-3:1: 3-7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for cultivating the large passion flower seedlings provided by the invention is characterized in that the large passion flower seedlings are bred in a greenhouse in winter, the height of the bred large seedlings reaches 70-80cm when the bred large seedlings are out of a nursery, and the large seedlings are quickly put on a shelf to enter a flowering and fruiting period after being transplanted in spring. Can shorten the recovery period of transplanting the seedlings into the field, and shorten the vegetative growth period of the transplanted plants by prolonging the growth time of the plants in the greenhouse, thereby achieving the effect of early flowering and fruiting. Compared with the conventional cultivation mode for cultivating the small seedlings, the cultivation method for cultivating the large seedlings can lead the fruit harvest period to be 30-40 days earlier.
(2) After the seedlings are planted in early spring, the seedlings grow vigorously, can quickly climb a trellis, obviously shorten the vegetative growth stage of passion flower plants, bloom and bear fruits in advance, and preempt the market opportunity of early batch of passion fruit with less quantity and high price. Meanwhile, the fruiting period can be prolonged, the yield is increased, and the economic benefit of a planter is improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to specific examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A cultivation method of a passion flower seedling comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling stage breeding
Related tests are carried out in Guangxi Nanning city, and the original yellow stock is planted in a seedling cup with the diameter of 9cm multiplied by 9cm, and the seedling substrate is 9: 1, peat soil: and perlite is grafted with Tainong No. 1 in the 1 st ten days of 2018 according to a conventional method, and a small bamboo pole with the length of 80cm is vertically inserted beside the seedling, so that the small seedling is attached to the bamboo pole to grow. The temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 15-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 80-90%, and 1000 times of liquid high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer and 1500 times of liquid carbendazim are sprayed every 15 days. When the plants grow to 70-80cm, the plants are planted out of the nursery.
(2) Management of transplanting of big seedlings
And in last 3 months of 2018, transplanting the big seedlings into the field when the outdoor temperature is stable and is more than 15 ℃. And (3) during transplanting, the plants are planted in high ridges to avoid waterlogging, 20 jin of organic fertilizer is buried in each plant, and 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer. Planting density is 150 plants/mu, and sufficient root fixing water is sprayed during transplanting. After transplanting, inserting bamboo poles beside the big seedlings to guide the branches and tendrils to climb onto the shed frame. Before the plant is put on shelf in the seedling stage, water and fertilizer management and weed prevention and control are paid attention to, the planting rows are covered with hay, grass prevention cloth is covered between the rows to prevent grass, and 1000 times of liquid high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is sprayed every 10 days after the plant survives to promote the vegetative growth of branches. When the plant is about to grow to the shed frame supporting line, the stem tip of the main vine is cut off (commonly called as topping or pinching), the growth of lateral buds (secondary vines) is promoted, and 4 secondary vines are guided to grow along the shed frame supporting line in 4 directions. And respectively carrying out topping treatment when the second-level tendrils of adjacent plants grow to be mutually contacted, and promoting the growth of the third-level tendrils to form bearing branches. Top dressing in early growth stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruit development stage and 4 post-picking stages, applying fertilizer in strip or ring ditch with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 2:1:4, and covering soil. In 2018, the fruit reaches the peak of flowering in the middle of 5 months, and the fruit is ripe in the middle of 7 months.
In the middle ten days of 7 months, the yield of the passion fruit in the current season is 1500 jin/mu, and the average price is 4.5 jin/mu.
Example 2
A cultivation method of a passion flower seedling comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling stage breeding
Related tests are carried out in Guangxi Nanning city, and the original yellow stock is planted in a seedling cup with the diameter of 9cm multiplied by 9cm, and the seedling substrate is 9: 1, peat soil: perlite, Tainong No. 1 is grafted on the Tainong No. 2 in the last 2 months of 2018 according to a conventional method. The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at about 15-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 80-90%, and 1000 times of liquid high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer and 1500 times of liquid carbendazim are sprayed every 15 days. When the plants grow to 20cm, the plants are out of nursery for planting.
(2) Transplantation management
And in last 3 months of 2018, transplanting the big seedlings into the field when the outdoor temperature is stable and is more than 15 ℃. High ridges or tree trays are formed for planting during transplanting, and the plants are prevented from waterlogging. 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are buried in each plant as base fertilizer. Planting density is 150 plants/mu, and sufficient root fixing water is sprayed during transplanting. After transplanting, inserting bamboo poles beside the big seedlings to guide the branches and tendrils to climb onto the shed frame. Before the plant is put on shelf in the seedling stage, water and fertilizer management and weed prevention and control are paid attention to, the planting rows are covered with hay, grass prevention cloth is covered between the rows to prevent grass, and 1000 times of liquid high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is sprayed every 10 days after the plant survives to promote the vegetative growth of branches. When the plant is about to grow to the shed frame supporting line, the stem tip of the main vine is cut off (commonly called as topping or pinching), the growth of lateral buds (secondary vines) is promoted, and 4 secondary vines are guided to grow along the shed frame supporting line in 4 directions. And respectively carrying out topping treatment when the second-level tendrils of adjacent plants grow to be mutually contacted, and promoting the growth of the third-level tendrils to form bearing branches. Top dressing in early growth stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruit development stage and 4 post-picking stages, applying fertilizer in strip or ring ditch with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 2:1:4, and covering soil. In 2018, the peak of flowering is reached in 6-month middle ten days, and the fruit is ripe in 8-month middle ten days.
In 8 middle ten days of the month, the yield of the passion fruit is 1330 jin/mu in the season, and the average price is 2.5 yuan/jin.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method of a passion flower big seedling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling breeding: culturing Passiflora edulis seedlings in a greenhouse, controlling the air temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity to be 80-90%, and taking out of the greenhouse for planting when the plants grow to 70-80cm and the outdoor temperature is stably higher than 15 ℃;
(2) and (3) transplanting and managing the big seedlings: transplanting the nursery stock to the field for planting.
2. The method for cultivating a passion flower big seedling according to claim 1, wherein the seedling cultivation in the step (1) is that the seedling is planted in a seedling cultivation cup, the seedling cultivation cup is filled with a seedling cultivation substrate, and a support rod is inserted beside the seedling after the small seedling is planted in the seedling cultivation cup.
3. The method for cultivating a passiflora edulis seedling according to claim 2, wherein the raw materials for preparing the seedling substrate comprise peat soil and perlite, and the volume ratio of the peat soil to the perlite is 7-10: 1.
4. The method for cultivating a passion flower big seedling according to claim 1, wherein 800-1500 times liquid high-nitrogen type water-soluble compound fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed every 10-15 days in the seedling breeding period in the step (1).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bactericide is 1200-2000 times liquid carbendazim or 1200-2000 times liquid coppery.
6. The method for cultivating passion flower big seedlings according to claim 1, wherein grafting and/or cutting seedlings are adopted for seedling breeding in the step (1).
7. The method for cultivating passion flower big seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the big seedling transplanting management in the step (2) is as follows: transplanting the seedlings into the field, inserting rods beside the seedlings to guide vines to climb the trellis after transplanting, cutting off main vine tips when the plants are about to grow to trellis supporting lines to promote growth of second-stage vines, guiding the second-stage vines to grow along the trellis supporting lines in different directions, respectively performing topping treatment when the second-stage vines of adjacent plants grow to be in contact with each other, and promoting growth of third-stage vines to form fruiting branches.
8. The method for cultivating passion flower big seedlings according to claim 7, wherein water and fertilizer management is performed after the seedlings are transplanted in the step (2), nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used before the seedlings are put on shelves in the seedling stage, additional fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage of new shoots, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, and fertilizer application is performed by adopting a strip-shaped ditch or annular ditch and soil is covered.
9. The method for cultivating a passion flower big seedling according to claim 8, wherein the fertilizer in the topdressing period contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of the potassium is 1-3:1: 3-7.
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| CN201911047648.3A CN110839488A (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2019-10-30 | Cultivation method of passion flower seedlings |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114009283A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Large-cup seedling growing method for long-seedling-age seedlings of autumn passion fruit |
| CN114698513A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Overwintering and cold-proof planting method for golden passion fruit in low-latitude and low-altitude areas |
| CN114938778A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-26 | 中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院 | Breeding method of passion flower with wing stem |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114009283A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Large-cup seedling growing method for long-seedling-age seedlings of autumn passion fruit |
| CN114698513A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Overwintering and cold-proof planting method for golden passion fruit in low-latitude and low-altitude areas |
| CN114938778A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-26 | 中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院 | Breeding method of passion flower with wing stem |
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Application publication date: 20200228 |