CN111034533A

CN111034533A - Cultivation management method for grape rootstock scion cutting garden

Info

Publication number: CN111034533A
Application number: CN201911401220.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚雪楠; 范培格; 李绍华; 梁振昌; 段伟
Original assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2019-12-30
Publication date: 2020-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-30
Also published as: CN111034533B

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation management method of a grape rootstock scion cutting garden. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) and (3) reasonably planning the park: the inter-plant distance is controlled between 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, and the inter-row distance is controlled between 2.0 meters and 3.0 meters; (2) selection management of the shelf type: the method comprises the following steps that plants are managed by adopting 20-30 cm low-height trunks and double arms for horizontal shaping and vertical leaf curtains, a main vine single wire and 2-3 groups of double wires are matched, trimming is not carried out after scion picking in winter, trimming is carried out 2-4 weeks before sprouting in spring next year and hurting, 2 robust winter buds with the height lower than that of a first vine, namely new tips, are reserved and are bound on the first vine in parallel as the main vine in the current year, and newly grown secondary tips are vertically stored between the double wires; (3) and (3) prevention and control of insect pests and weeds. The invention abandons the traditional tree stock garden management mode without trunks and frames, and improves the overall visual environment of the tree stock scion cutting garden through the management mode which is convenient to operate and can be mechanized.

Description

Cultivation management method for grape rootstock scion cutting garden

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation management method of a grape rootstock scion cutting garden.

Background

In order to improve and promote the production of fruit trees, the application of the rootstocks in the fruit trees is over thousands of years, but the cultivation and utilization of grape rootstocks in China have not been paid effective attention. As a woody vine with obvious apical dominance, the growth and development state of the branch of the grape directly influences the quality of the grape. The grape rootstock scion garden in China is in a extensive type management mode for a long time, and branches in the same batch or even different positions on the same stock plant have different health conditions of different lengths, thicknesses and thicknesses, so that the scion matching difficulty is increased greatly, the production quality of grafted seedlings is uneven, and the popularization and application of the grafted seedlings are limited. Therefore, the method improves the management level of the stock scion cutting garden, improves the production quality of the stocks from the source, and is a significant problem which cannot be ignored in the healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation management method of a grape rootstock scion garden, which can maximally improve the quality of rootstock scion shoots, improve the production environment of a rootstock garden and provide convenience for popularization and utilization of grape grafted seedlings on the premise of minimizing the management cost.

A cultivation management method of a grape rootstock scion cutting garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) and (3) reasonably planning the park: the inter-plant distance is controlled between 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, and the inter-row distance is controlled between 2.0 meters and 3.0 meters;

(2) selection management of the shelf type: the method comprises the following steps that plants are managed by adopting 20-30 cm low-height trunks and double arms for horizontal shaping and vertical leaf curtains, a main vine single wire and 2-3 groups of double wires are matched, trimming is not carried out after scion picking in winter, trimming is carried out 2-4 weeks before sprouting in spring next year and hurting, 2 robust winter buds with the height lower than that of a first vine, namely new tips, are reserved and are bound on the first vine in parallel as the main vine in the current year, and newly grown secondary tips are vertically stored between the double wires;

(3) and (3) control of disease, insect and weed: the prevention work of clearing the garden before winter and early spring germination is carried out, the growth of weeds is controlled by adopting a mode of regularly mowing naturally growing weeds among rows, and the weeds are controlled by adopting a mode of mechanically clearing or paving a gardening ground fabric under the trees.

Specifically, the method comprises the step (2) that stock plants are managed by adopting 20-30 cm low trunk double-arm horizontal shaping vertical leaf curtains, 3 groups of double silks are respectively arranged at a position 20-30 cm, a position 60-90 cm and a position 150 cm above a main vine in cooperation with a main vine single silk, branches with consistent and full growth potential in middle sections of vertical new shoots are used as scion picking objects in winter, short stubbles are left after scion picking and are not trimmed, trimming is carried out 2-4 weeks before sprouting and bleeding in spring next year, 2 robust winter buds with the height lower than that of a first shoot are reserved as two main vines in the current year for cultivation, tip tips are removed after the length of the new shoot reaches the requirement, namely 75 cm-100 cm, and are respectively tied on the first shoot in parallel, and newly grown secondary shoots are vertically stored between the double silks until the surface of a shelf is full.

The prevention work of cleaning the garden before winter and in the early spring germination stage in the step (3) specifically refers to spraying a high-concentration lime sulfur mixture on the whole garden.

Wherein the high concentration is 3-5 Baume degree.

And (3) in the step (2), after the area with frequent late frost is pruned to be in the bleeding, 2 robust young shoots which are lower than the first main vine and are close to the main trunk growing are selected as the two main vines in the current year to be bound in parallel, and the newly grown young shoots are vertically stored between the two vines.

In order to improve the management efficiency and quality of the stock scion garden, the invention provides a simple, convenient and feasible stock scion garden cultivation management method suitable for northern soil-buried cold-proof areas. The method can improve the production environment of the stock garden on the premise of minimizing the management cost, maximally improve the quality of the stock cuttings, provide convenience for the popularization and utilization of the grape grafted seedlings, and promote the ecological healthy sustainable development of the grape industry.

The advantages of the invention also include: (1) a traditional management mode that no main trunk and no frame are freely laid in a wide mode in a stock garden is abandoned, and the overall visual environment of the stock scion garden is improved through the management mode which is convenient to operate and can be mechanized; (2) the plant growth balance of the invention can produce stock raw materials with uniform diameter and healthy branches, and the branches have small radian and good growth consistency, so that the availability is greatly improved, the proportion of waste branches is greatly reduced, and the waste of plant materials is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of plant shaping and setting of the frame material by the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

For ease of understanding, specific implementations of the present invention are described further herein as follows:

(1) the reasonable planning of the garden is characterized in that the plant-row spacing of the stocks is reasonably planned during field planting of the stocks in the initial stage of garden building. As the stocks in production and application are mostly varieties with moderate or exuberant growth vigor, the sufficient growth space of the mother trees is ensured in order to prevent mutual influence among plants. The inter-plant distance is selected according to the growth vigor of different varieties, particularly the length characteristics of the internodes of the varieties, the inter-plant distance is controlled to be between 1.5 and 2.0 meters on the premise of ensuring the nutrition balance of young shoots, and the inter-row distance is controlled to be between 2.0 and 3.0 meters according to the requirements of mechanical operation.

(2) The selection management of the frame type is mainly characterized by the arrangement of frame materials and the selected shaping mode in the life cycle of plants. The newly-built garden recommends the use of the rust-resistant frame material of metal (for example hot-galvanize pole setting, steel wire) that has adjustable buckle, increase of service life when making things convenient for mechanical operation, improves the flexibility of management operation. As shown in attached figure 1, a stock plant adopts 20-30 cm low trunk head-shaped shaping vertical leaf curtain management, 3 groups of double silks are arranged at a position 20-30 cm above a main vine, a position 60-90 cm and a position 150 cm, respectively, in winter, picking is carried out by taking branches with consistent and full growth in the middle section of a vertical new tip as the best to serve as picking objects, short stubbles are left after picking and are not trimmed, winter trimming is carried out 2-4 weeks before sprouting and bleeding in spring next year, 2 robust winter buds with the height lower than that of a first thread are reserved as two main arms in the current year for cultivation (for an area with frequent late frost, 2 robust new tips with the base close to the trunk and the height lower than that of the first thread are selected as the two main arms in the current year), tips are removed and are tied on the first thread in parallel after the length of the new tip reaches the requirements of the main arms (75-100 cm), the newly grown auxiliary tips are vertically stored between the double filaments until the surface of the rack is full.

(3) The control of the plant diseases, insect pests and weeds is mainly characterized in that the management of the plant diseases, insect pests and the weeds in the fields related to the common rootstocks in the garden is performed. Stock varieties in production and application usually have excellent disease and pest resistance, so that the basic requirements of a common park can be met only by doing the prevention work of clearing the park before winter and early spring germination. After picking the spikes, selecting the air temperature higher than minus 10 ℃ and spraying 5 Baume lime sulphur agent on the ground between the racks and the row in the whole garden in sunny and windless weather, and spraying 3 Baume lime sulphur agent on the whole garden in sunny and windless weather in the initial germination period (50% pompon period) in spring in the air temperature higher than minus 10 ℃. During the growing season, sulfur powder can be sprayed according to the weather condition and the past pest and disease damage condition to prevent and treat fungal diseases and partial pests. The growth of weeds can be controlled by cutting the natural grass regularly between the rows, and the weeds can be controlled by mechanically ploughing or paving a gardening ground cloth under the trees.

Example 1:

test site: ningxia Yinchuan West school of China academy of sciences, Xia, Wen Xia, Ningxia modern agriculture center Pingji fort base

Stock variety: 520A (V.berlandieri X V.riparia)

Planting mode: the head-shaped shaping vertical leaf curtain is managed, and a natural growth management mode is adopted for a contrast group

In order to prove the field test effect of the invention, part of varieties in a stock garden of a Ningxia Pingjibao base are selected for management practice, and one variety 520A is selected for illustration.

The test species have moderate growth potential in the garden and do not need to be buried in soil for cold protection, so the distance between the plants is selected to be 1.5 meters. The height of the trunk of the tested species is 30 cm, 2 robust young shoots lower than the first line of silk (40 cm from the ground) are selected for cultivation in spring, the young shoots sequentially reach the target length in the late 5 months, the top ends of the young shoots are cut off, and the young shoots are horizontally bound to the first line of silk. And the secondary tips are respectively put on shelves twice in the late 6 th and the early 8 th of the month, and are vertically clamped between two groups of double filaments to keep the growth of the secondary tips upright. Ear picking and measurement work were performed in the late 10 months (table 1), each branch was left with 2-3 buds of short stubble for overwintering, and pruning was performed after late frost was frozen in the spring of the next year (late 4 months). The control plants were not managed and the shoots were free to climb on the trestle. The tested variety and the control group receive unified pest and disease management in the garden, 3-5 Baume lime sulfur mixture is sprayed for 2 times after dormancy and at the sprouting position respectively, 3 times of sulfur powder is used during the growing season, grass naturally grows between lines, the grass is cut once per month, mechanical clearing is adopted under the tree, and the grass is cut once per half month in 5-6 months and once per month in 7-9 months.

TABLE 1 growth performance of rootstock 520A

Test results show that the plants managed according to the invention grow more evenly, have moderate internode length and dense and uniform branches, and can meet the production of high-quality and uniform stock materials.

Claims

1. A cultivation management method of a grape rootstock scion cutting garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for cultivating and managing a grape rootstock scion nursery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: specifically, the method comprises the step (2) that stock plants are managed by adopting 20-30 cm low trunk double-arm horizontal shaping vertical leaf curtains, 3 groups of double silks are respectively arranged at a position 20-30 cm, a position 60-90 cm and a position 150 cm above a main vine in cooperation with a main vine single silk, branches with consistent and full growth potential in middle sections of vertical new shoots are used as scion picking objects in winter, short stubbles are left after scion picking and are not trimmed, trimming is carried out 2-4 weeks before sprouting and bleeding in spring next year, 2 robust winter buds with the height lower than that of a first shoot are reserved as two main vines in the current year for cultivation, tip tips are removed after the length of the new shoot reaches the requirement, namely 75 cm-100 cm, and are respectively tied on the first shoot in parallel, and newly grown secondary shoots are vertically stored between the double silks until the surface of a shelf is full.

3. The method for cultivating and managing a grape rootstock scion nursery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the prevention work of cleaning the garden before winter and in the early spring germination stage in the step (3) specifically refers to spraying a high-concentration lime sulfur mixture on the whole garden.

4. The method for cultivating and managing a grape rootstock scion nursery as claimed in claim 3, wherein: wherein the high concentration is 3-5 Baume degree.

5. The method for cultivating and managing a grape rootstock scion nursery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) in the step (2), after the area with frequent late frost is pruned to be in the bleeding, 2 robust young shoots which are lower than the first main vine and are close to the main trunk growing are selected as the two main vines in the current year to be bound in parallel, and the newly grown young shoots are vertically stored between the two vines.