CN102487773A - Contemporary planting, forming and flowering cultivation method for vigorous stock long-shoot apple buds - Google Patents
Contemporary planting, forming and flowering cultivation method for vigorous stock long-shoot apple buds Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487773A CN102487773A CN2011103957425A CN201110395742A CN102487773A CN 102487773 A CN102487773 A CN 102487773A CN 2011103957425 A CN2011103957425 A CN 2011103957425A CN 201110395742 A CN201110395742 A CN 201110395742A CN 102487773 A CN102487773 A CN 102487773A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a contemporary planting, forming and flowering cultivation technology for vigorous stock long-shoot apple buds. The cultivation technology comprises the following steps of: taking the apple buds of March in spring, trimming residual roots and damaged roots, leaving long roots, soaking the long roots into an indolebutyric acid solution, planting the long roots into cultivation holes, filling soil, watering, sealing the holes by using a mulching film, uniformly coating a burgeoning promoter on scion buds of the apple buds, controlling the relative humidity of the soil in the cultivation holes to be 80 percent, cultivating the apple buds till apple trees are formed and flowered, thus obtaining contemporary planted vigorous stock long-shoot apple trees and forming and flowering in the same year. The cultivation technology is simple and easy to operate; and by the cultivation technology, the grafted apple seedlings can be planted, formed and flowered in the same year, the growth time of the apple seedlings is saved, the consumption of labor is reduced and the economic benefits are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture technique, a kind of specifically tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling cultivation method that plantation is shaped and blooms in the same year.
Background technology
Along with the development of world's apple industry, this respect has been obtained great advance in recent years, in the orchard of culture technique maturation; Can make apple seedling plantation in 1 year; The 3rd annual bearing, the 5th year high yield ", the orchard worker is in order to reach the purpose of early bearing high yield at present; mainly study from selection and three aspects of culture technique of breed selection, stock; and select mainly to select brachyplast type kind and dwarfing rootstock, dwarfing interstock wood etc. for use in kind and stock, can make apple tree do sth. in advance the result, get into high yield period rapidly.On cultivation method, mainly realize the early bearing high yield through two approach: the one, planting generated seedling in 1 year; Plant the back and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water; Make the nursery stock ramp, take the mode of physics or chemistry to promote the fast mode of growth of apple flower then, yielded positive results in nursery stock the 3rd year after plantation; The 2nd, " seedlings " of the life in 3-4 years of planting, this nursery stock is i.e. tentatively shaping in the nursery, under the situation of management science, plants and yields positive results in back 1 year.These two kinds of methods all improve production cost, increase labour expenditure.
Implement at present " 3 years see fruit, 5 years high yields ", technology still have bigger shortcoming: the one, still longer from grafting to forming the bud required time, generally needed for 3-4 years; The 2nd, the growth potential of tree body is difficult to obtain effective control behind the result, thereby causes the tree bulk-growth prosperous excessively, makes tree crown, orchard airtight, causes the decline of orchard later stage output and fruit quality.Therefore, this technology can not be widely used in the practice production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of the problems referred to above; A kind of cultivation method that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling is provided, and its culture technique is simple, easy operating; Make apple seedling after the grafting can be plantation in same year, be shaped and bloomed in same year; Practice thrift the growth time of apple seedling, reduce labour expenditure, increase economic benefit.
The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme that is adopted to be: the cultivation method that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, and its concrete steps are:
Step 1, select the apple bud seedling in March in spring, prune undesirable root, hinder root, stay the long root of 13-17cm, the long root after the pruning was soaked 0.5-1 minute in concentration is the Yin butyric acid solution of 800mg/L
,Subsequent use;
Step 2, be that 2.5m, spacing in the rows are that 1m digs culture hole in soil by line-spacing, the size of culture hole is 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and is subsequent use;
Step 3, the apple bud seed after pruning in the step 1 is implanted in the culture hole; The filling soil all around of apple bud seedling in culture hole; Soil is filled to the upper surface of culture hole and flushes, and waters in the soil in culture hole, makes the wetting degree of depth of soil reach 50cm-60cm; With plastic mulching apple bud seedling surrounding soil, on the buddering of apple bud seedling, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant then;
Step 4, according to the method for step 3, end until one mu of soil is planted by strain plantation apple bud seedling successively, cultivate then;
The cultivation of step 5, apple bud seedling:
(1) behind the plantation apple bud seedling to the management between rudiment early stage
1) be the center with a strain apple bud seedling, on mulch film, make a call to three and be the inlet opening that equilateral triangle distributes that the aperture is 1-2cm, pitch-row is 40cm, through the inlet opening soil in the culture hole is watered, and keeping the relative moisture of soil in the culture hole is 80%;
2) according to the method for step 1), making the relative moisture of soil in each culture hole is 80%, continues to cultivate until rudiment and ends during the initial stage;
3) before the rudiment initial stage with the rudiment on the tall stock of every strain apple bud seedling and the accessory bud on buddering erase;
(2) rudiment initial management:
1) insect pest, disease control: on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling respectively evenly spraying one layer concentration be 75% first dimension salting liquid and concentration is really solution of 80% chlorine dioxide; Whenever sprayed once at a distance from 7-8 days; After spraying first dimension salting liquid and chlorine dioxide fruit solution the 2nd day, even spraying one layer concentration respectively is that 100% thiophanate methyl solution and concentration are 80% mancozeb solution on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
2) spray leaf fertilizer: after for the first time spraying thiophanate methyl solution and mancozeb solution the 3rd day; Even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling; After the spray liquid I the 10th day, even spraying one layer soup II on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
3) vertical rod is anti-down: when the trunk height of apple bud seedling is 28-32cm, a side of buddering is fixed, continue to cultivate until the young sprout vigorous period;
(3) young sprout vigorous growth period management:
1) spray leaf fertilizer:
A: getting into young sprout vigorous growth after date, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
B: every at a distance from 10-20 days, according to the method for step a, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, double after, every at a distance from 10-20 days even spraying one layer soup III on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, only until the apple tree moulding;
2) soil topdressing: after the rudiment initial stage finishes the 30-45 day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface respectively; And chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill the 100g three element compound fertilizer, seal mulch film then, when continuing to cultivate to the 90-100 day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface once more respectively, and chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill 200-300g phosphate fertilizer;
(4) nursing of apple bud seedling
1) nursing of a tip:
A: when the length of a tip that on buddering, grows is 80-100cm, begin, whenever on tip just on a bud, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant, smear to distance tip 10cm place, a tip top and stop at a distance from a bud from the position of the 60cm apart from ground;
B:, each new life's a tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant according to the method for step a;
2) nursing of the secondary tip:
A: when the length of the secondary tip that on buddering, grows is 25-35cm; Evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant at every secondary tip apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm; The secondary tip that is coated with branching promoter for plant is taken branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the secondary tip to be 70 ° of-80 ° of angles;
B: according to the method for step a, each new life's the secondary tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant, and each the newborn secondary tip that will smear behind the branching promoter for plant takes branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the newborn secondary tip to be 70 ° of-80 ° of angles;
3) nursing of three tips:
A: when the length of three tips that on buddering, grow is 8-12cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm at every three tips;
B: according to the method for step a, three tips of each new life are all smeared branching promoter for plant, be shaped, end when blooming, promptly accomplish cultivation until apple tree;
The constituent of described soup I is: contain 0.33% urea and 0.017% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup II is: contain 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.0083% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup III is: contain 0.25% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water.
The constituent of described three element compound fertilizer is: contain 17% phosphate fertilizer, 17% nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% potash fertilizer and 49% urea by weight percentage.
Described branching promoter for plant is general commercially available prod, and its main constituent is gibberellin, 6-benzyl aminoadenine and abscisic acid.
Beneficial effect
The culture technique that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling of the present invention, 1, adopt " the bud seedling " of tall anvil long shoot type, carry out grafting, reduce the growth time of apple seedling; 2, shorten the formation time of apple flower bud, make the quick result of apple tree, get into high yield period; 3, fast, the growth rate of apple tree forming speed is controlled easily; 4, present technique can make the same year shaping of bud seedling in plantation, and the output of apple tree is entered high yield period fast; 5, culture technique of the present invention shortens apple tree from planting result's time, saves production cost, and raises labour efficiency, and increases economic efficiency.
Embodiment
The cultivation method that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, its concrete steps are:
Step 1, select the apple bud seedling in March in spring, prune undesirable root, hinder root, stay the long root of 13-17cm, the long root after the pruning was soaked 0.5-1 minute in concentration is the Yin butyric acid solution of 800mg/L
,Subsequent use;
Step 2, be that 2.5m, spacing in the rows are that 1m digs culture hole in soil by line-spacing, the size of culture hole is 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and is subsequent use;
Step 3, the apple bud seed after pruning in the step 1 is implanted in the culture hole; The filling soil all around of apple bud seedling in culture hole; The upper surface that is filled to culture hole of soil flushes, and waters in the soil in culture hole, waters wetting depth 50cm-60cm that the water yield should make soil; With culture hole upper surface sealing, on the buddering of apple bud seedling, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant with mulch film then; Wide 60cm～the 80cm of mulch film, thick 0.008mm;
Step 4, according to the method for step 3, end until one mu of soil is planted by strain plantation apple bud seedling successively, cultivate;
The cultivation of step 5, apple bud seedling:
(1) behind the plantation apple bud seedling to the management between rudiment early stage
1) be the center with a strain apple bud seedling, on mulch film, make a call to three and be the inlet opening that equilateral triangle distributes that the aperture is 1-2cm, pitch-row is 40cm, through the inlet opening soil in the culture hole is watered, and keeping the relative moisture of soil in the culture hole is 80%;
2) according to the method for step 1), making the relative moisture of soil in each culture hole is 80%, continues to cultivate until rudiment and ends during the initial stage;
3) before the rudiment initial stage with the rudiment on the tall stock of every strain apple bud seedling and the accessory bud on buddering erase;
(2) rudiment initial management:
1) insect pest, disease control: on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling respectively evenly spraying one layer concentration be 75% first dimension salting liquid and concentration is really solution of 80% chlorine dioxide; Whenever sprayed once at a distance from 7-8 days; After spraying first dimension salting liquid and chlorine dioxide fruit solution the 2nd day, even spraying one layer concentration respectively is that 100% thiophanate methyl solution and concentration are 80% mancozeb solution on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
2) spray leaf fertilizer: after for the first time spraying thiophanate methyl solution and mancozeb solution the 3rd day; Even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling; After the spray liquid I the 10th day, even spraying one layer soup II on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
3) vertical rod is anti-down: when the trunk height of every strain apple bud seedling is 28-32cm, a side of buddering is fixed, continue to cultivate until the young sprout vigorous period;
(3) young sprout vigorous growth period management:
1) spray leaf fertilizer:
A: getting into young sprout vigorous growth after date, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
B: every at a distance from 10-20 days, according to the method for step a, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, double after, every at a distance from 10-20 days even spraying one layer soup III on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, only until the apple tree moulding;
2) soil topdressing: after the rudiment initial stage finishes the 30-45 day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface respectively; And chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill the 100g three element compound fertilizer, seal mulch film then, when continuing to cultivate to the 90-100 day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface once more respectively, and chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill 200-300g phosphate fertilizer;
(4) nursing of apple bud seedling
1) nursing of a tip:
A: when the length of a tip that on buddering, grows is 80-100cm,,, on bud, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant, smear to distance tip 10cm place, a tip top and stop with the mode that interval one bud is smeared a bud in the position of tip 60cm apart from ground;
B:, each new life's a tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant according to the method for step a;
2) nursing of the secondary tip:
A: when the length of the secondary tip that on buddering, grows is 25-35cm; Evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant at every secondary tip apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm; The secondary tip that is coated with branching promoter for plant is taken branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the secondary tip to be 70 ° of-80 ° of angles;
B: according to the method for step a, each new life's the secondary tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant, and each the newborn secondary tip that will smear behind the branching promoter for plant takes branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the newborn secondary tip to be 70 ° of-80 ° of angles;
3) nursing of three tips:
A: when the length of three tips that on buddering, grow is 8-12cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm at every three tips;
B: according to the method for step a, three tips of each new life are all smeared branching promoter for plant, be shaped, end when blooming, promptly accomplish cultivation until apple tree.
The constituent of described soup I is: contain 0.33% urea and 0.017% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water.
The constituent of described soup II is: contain 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.0083% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water.
The constituent of described soup III is: contain 0.25% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water.
The constituent of described three element compound fertilizer is: contain 17% phosphate fertilizer, 17% nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% potash fertilizer and 49% urea by weight percentage.
Described branching promoter for plant is general commercially available prod, and its main constituent is gibberellin, 6-benzyl aminoadenine and abscisic acid.
Embodiment one
The culture technique that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, its concrete steps are:
Step 1, selecting the apple bud seedling in March in spring, prune undesirable root, hinder root, stay the long root of 13cm, is immersion 0.5 minute in the Yin butyric acid solution of 800mg/L with the long root after pruning in concentration
,Subsequent use;
Step 2, be that 2.5m, spacing in the rows are to dig culture hole in the soil of 1m by line-spacing, the size of culture hole is 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and is subsequent use;
Step 3, the apple bud seed after pruning in the step 1 is implanted in the culture hole; The filling soil all around of apple bud seedling in culture hole; The upper surface that is filled to culture hole of soil flushes, and waters in the soil in culture hole, waters the wetting depth 50cm that the water yield should make soil; With culture hole upper surface sealing, on the buddering of apple bud seedling, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant with mulch film then;
Step 4, according to the method for step 3, end until one mu of soil is planted by strain plantation apple bud seedling successively, cultivate;
The cultivation of step 5, apple bud seedling:
(1) behind the plantation apple bud seedling to the management between rudiment early stage
1) be the center with a strain apple bud seedling; Three summits with an equilateral triangle on mulch film are benchmark; The punching footpath is the inlet opening of 1cm on the position on three summits respectively, through the inlet opening soil in the culture hole is watered, and keeping the relative moisture of soil in the culture hole is 80%;
2) according to the method for step 1), making the relative moisture of soil in each culture hole is 80%, continues to cultivate until rudiment and ends during the initial stage;
3) before the rudiment initial stage with the rudiment on the tall stock of every strain apple bud seedling and the accessory bud on buddering erase;
(2) rudiment initial management:
1) insect pest, disease control: on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling respectively evenly spraying one layer concentration be 75% first dimension salting liquid and concentration is really solution of 80% chlorine dioxide; Whenever sprayed once at a distance from 7 days; After spraying first dimension salting liquid and chlorine dioxide fruit solution the 2nd day, even spraying one layer concentration respectively is that 100% thiophanate methyl solution and concentration are 80% mancozeb solution on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
2) spray leaf fertilizer: after for the first time spraying thiophanate methyl solution and mancozeb solution the 3rd day; Even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling; After the spray liquid I the 10th day, even spraying one layer soup II on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
3) vertical rod is anti-down: when the trunk height of every strain apple bud seedling is 28cm, a side of buddering is fixed, continue to cultivate until the young sprout vigorous period;
(3) young sprout vigorous growth period management:
1) spray leaf fertilizer:
A: getting into young sprout vigorous growth after date, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
B: every at a distance from 10 days, according to the method for step a, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, double after, every at a distance from 10 days even spraying one layer soup III on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, only until the apple tree moulding;
2) soil topdressing: after the rudiment initial stage finishes the 30th day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface respectively; And chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill the 100g three element compound fertilizer, seal mulch film then, when continuing to cultivate to the 90th day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface once more respectively, and chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill 200g phosphate fertilizer;
(4) nursing of apple bud seedling
1) nursing of a tip:
A: when the length of a tip that on buddering, grows is 80cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant, smear to distance tip 10cm place, a tip top and stop in the position of tip 60cm at interval apart from ground;
B:, each new life's a tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant according to the method for step a;
2) nursing of the secondary tip:
A: when the length of the secondary tip that on buddering, grows is 25cm; Evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant at every secondary tip apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm; The secondary tip that is coated with branching promoter for plant is taken branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the secondary tip to be 70 ° of angles;
B: according to the method for step a, each new life's the secondary tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant, and each the newborn secondary tip that will smear behind the branching promoter for plant takes branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the newborn secondary tip to be 70 ° of angles;
3) nursing of three tips:
A: when the length of three tips that on buddering, grow is 8cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm at every three tips;
B: according to the method for step a, three tips of each new life are all smeared branching promoter for plant, be shaped, end when blooming, obtain plantation in the same year, the tall anvil long shoot type apple tree that is shaped and bloom in the same year until apple tree;
The constituent of described soup I is: contain 0.33% urea and 0.017% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup II is: contain 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.0083% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup III is: contain 0.25% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described three element compound fertilizer is: contain 17% phosphate fertilizer, 17% nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% potash fertilizer and 49% urea by weight percentage.
Described branching promoter for plant is general commercially available prod, and its main constituent is gibberellin, 6-benzyl aminoadenine and abscisic acid.
Embodiment two
The culture technique that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, its concrete steps are:
Step 1, selecting the apple bud seedling in March in spring, prune undesirable root, hinder root, stay the long root of 15cm, is immersion 0.8 minute in the Yin butyric acid solution of 800mg/L with the long root after pruning in concentration
,Subsequent use;
Step 2, be that 2.5m, spacing in the rows are to dig culture hole in the soil of 1m by line-spacing, the size of culture hole is 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and is subsequent use;
Step 3, the apple bud seed after pruning in the step 1 is implanted in the culture hole; The filling soil all around of apple bud seedling in culture hole; The upper surface that is filled to culture hole of soil flushes, and waters in the soil in culture hole, waters the wetting depth 55cm that the water yield should make soil; With culture hole upper surface sealing, on the buddering of apple bud seedling, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant with mulch film then;
Step 4, according to the method for step 3, end until one mu of soil is planted by strain plantation apple bud seedling successively, cultivate;
The cultivation of step 5, apple bud seedling:
(1) behind the plantation apple bud seedling to the management between rudiment early stage
1) be the center with a strain apple bud seedling; Three summits with an equilateral triangle on mulch film are benchmark; The punching footpath is the inlet opening of 1.5cm on the position on three summits respectively, through the inlet opening soil in the culture hole is watered, and keeping the relative moisture of soil in the culture hole is 80%;
2) according to the method for step 1), making the relative moisture of soil in each culture hole is 80%, continues to cultivate until rudiment and ends during the initial stage;
3) before the rudiment initial stage with the rudiment on the tall stock of every strain apple bud seedling and the accessory bud on buddering erase;
(2) rudiment initial management:
1) insect pest, disease control: on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling respectively evenly spraying one layer concentration be 75% first dimension salting liquid and concentration is really solution of 80% chlorine dioxide; Whenever sprayed once at a distance from 7 days; After spraying first dimension salting liquid and chlorine dioxide fruit solution the 2nd day, even spraying one layer concentration respectively is that 100% thiophanate methyl solution and concentration are 80% mancozeb solution on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
2) spray leaf fertilizer: after for the first time spraying thiophanate methyl solution and mancozeb solution the 3rd day; Even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling; After the spray liquid I the 10th day, even spraying one layer soup II on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
3) vertical rod is anti-down: when the trunk height of every strain apple bud seedling is 30cm, a side of buddering is fixed, continue to cultivate until the young sprout vigorous period;
(3) young sprout vigorous growth period management:
1) spray leaf fertilizer:
A: getting into young sprout vigorous growth after date, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
B: every at a distance from 15 days, according to the method for step a, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, double after, every at a distance from 15 days even spraying one layer soup III on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, only until the apple tree moulding;
2) soil topdressing: after the rudiment initial stage finishes the 38th day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface respectively; And chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill the 100g three element compound fertilizer, seal mulch film then, when continuing to cultivate to the 95th day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface once more respectively, and chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill 250g phosphate fertilizer;
(4) nursing of apple bud seedling
1) nursing of a tip:
A: when the length of a tip that on buddering, grows is 90cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant, smear to distance tip 10cm place, a tip top and stop in the position of tip 60cm at interval apart from ground;
B:, each new life's a tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant according to the method for step a;
2) nursing of the secondary tip:
A: when the length of the secondary tip that on buddering, grows is 30cm; Evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant at every secondary tip apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm; The secondary tip that is coated with branching promoter for plant is taken branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the secondary tip to be 75 ° of angles;
B: according to the method for step a, each new life's the secondary tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant, and each the newborn secondary tip that will smear behind the branching promoter for plant takes branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the newborn secondary tip to be 75 ° of angles;
3) nursing of three tips:
A: when the length of three tips that on buddering, grow is 10cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm at every three tips;
B: according to the method for step a, three tips of each new life are all smeared branching promoter for plant, be shaped, end when blooming, obtain plantation in the same year, the tall anvil long shoot type apple tree that is shaped and bloom in the same year until apple tree;
The constituent of described soup I is: contain 0.33% urea and 0.017% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup II is: contain 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.0083% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup III is: contain 0.25% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described three element compound fertilizer is: contain 17% phosphate fertilizer, 17% nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% potash fertilizer and 49% urea by weight percentage.
Described branching promoter for plant is general commercially available prod, and its main constituent is gibberellin, 6-benzyl aminoadenine and abscisic acid.
Embodiment three
The culture technique that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, its concrete steps are:
Step 1, selecting the apple bud seedling in March in spring, prune undesirable root, hinder root, stay the long root of 17cm, is immersion 1 minute in the Yin butyric acid solution of 800mg/L with the long root after pruning in concentration
,Subsequent use;
Step 2, be that 2.5m, spacing in the rows are to dig culture hole in the soil of 1m by line-spacing, the size of culture hole is 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and is subsequent use;
Step 3, the apple bud seed after pruning in the step 1 is implanted in the culture hole; The filling soil all around of apple bud seedling in culture hole; The upper surface that is filled to culture hole of soil flushes, and waters in the soil in culture hole, waters the wetting depth 60cm that the water yield should make soil; With culture hole upper surface sealing, on the buddering of apple bud seedling, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant with mulch film then;
Step 4, according to the method for step 3, end until one mu of soil is planted by strain plantation apple bud seedling successively, cultivate;
The cultivation of step 5, apple bud seedling:
(1) behind the plantation apple bud seedling to the management between rudiment early stage
1) be the center with a strain apple bud seedling; Three summits with an equilateral triangle on mulch film are benchmark; The punching footpath is the inlet opening of 2cm on the position on three summits respectively, through the inlet opening soil in the culture hole is watered, and keeping the relative moisture of soil in the culture hole is 80%;
2) according to the method for step 1), making the relative moisture of soil in each culture hole is 80%, continues to cultivate until rudiment and ends during the initial stage;
3) before the rudiment initial stage with the rudiment on the tall stock of every strain apple bud seedling and the accessory bud on buddering erase;
(2) rudiment initial management:
1) insect pest, disease control: on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling respectively evenly spraying one layer concentration be 75% first dimension salting liquid and concentration is really solution of 80% chlorine dioxide; Whenever sprayed once at a distance from 8 days; After spraying first dimension salting liquid and chlorine dioxide fruit solution the 2nd day, even spraying one layer concentration respectively is that 100% thiophanate methyl solution and concentration are 80% mancozeb solution on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
2) spray leaf fertilizer: after for the first time spraying thiophanate methyl solution and mancozeb solution the 3rd day; Even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling; After the spray liquid I the 10th day, even spraying one layer soup II on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
3) vertical rod is anti-down: when the trunk height of every strain apple bud seedling is 32cm, a side of buddering is fixed, continue to cultivate until the young sprout vigorous period;
(3) young sprout vigorous growth period management:
1) spray leaf fertilizer:
A: getting into young sprout vigorous growth after date, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
B: every at a distance from 20 days, according to the method for step a, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, double after, every at a distance from 20 days even spraying one layer soup III on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, only until the apple tree moulding;
2) soil topdressing: after the rudiment initial stage finishes the 45th day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface respectively; And chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill the 100g three element compound fertilizer, seal mulch film then, when continuing to cultivate to the 100th day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface once more respectively, and chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill 300g phosphate fertilizer;
(4) nursing of apple bud seedling
1) nursing of a tip:
A: when the length of a tip that on buddering, grows is 100cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant, smear to distance tip 10cm place, a tip top and stop in the position of tip 60cm at interval apart from ground;
B:, each new life's a tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant according to the method for step a;
2) nursing of the secondary tip:
A: when the length of the secondary tip that on buddering, grows is 35cm; Evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant at every secondary tip apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm; The secondary tip that is coated with branching promoter for plant is taken branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the secondary tip to be 80 ° of angles;
B: according to the method for step a, each new life's the secondary tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant, and each the newborn secondary tip that will smear behind the branching promoter for plant takes branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the newborn secondary tip to be 80 ° of angles;
3) nursing of three tips:
A: when the length of three tips that on buddering, grow is 12cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm at every three tips;
B: according to the method for step a, three tips of each new life are all smeared branching promoter for plant, be shaped, end when blooming, obtain plantation in the same year, the tall anvil long shoot type apple tree that is shaped and bloom in the same year until apple tree;
The constituent of described soup I is: contain 0.33% urea and 0.017% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup II is: contain 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.0083% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup III is: contain 0.25% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described three element compound fertilizer is: contain 17% phosphate fertilizer, 17% nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% potash fertilizer and 49% urea by weight percentage.
Described branching promoter for plant is general commercially available prod, and its main constituent is gibberellin, 6-benzyl aminoadenine and abscisic acid.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method that plantation was shaped and bloomed the same year of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, it is characterized in that: its concrete steps are:
Step 1, select the apple bud seedling in March in spring, prune undesirable root, hinder root, stay the long root of 13-17cm, the long root after the pruning was soaked 0.5-1 minute in concentration is the Yin butyric acid solution of 800mg/L
,Subsequent use;
Step 2, be that 2.5m, spacing in the rows are that 1m digs culture hole in soil by line-spacing, the size of culture hole is 25cm * 25cm * 25cm, and is subsequent use;
Step 3, the apple bud seed after pruning in the step 1 is implanted in the culture hole; The filling soil all around of apple bud seedling in culture hole; Soil is filled to the upper surface of culture hole and flushes, and waters in the soil in culture hole, makes the wetting degree of depth of soil reach 50cm-60cm; With plastic mulching apple bud seedling surrounding soil, on the buddering of apple bud seedling, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant then;
Step 4, according to the method for step 3, end until one mu of soil is planted by strain plantation apple bud seedling successively, cultivate then;
The cultivation of step 5, apple bud seedling:
(1) behind the plantation apple bud seedling to the management between rudiment early stage
1) be the center with a strain apple bud seedling, on mulch film, make a call to three and be the inlet opening that equilateral triangle distributes that the aperture is 1-2cm, pitch-row is 40cm, through the inlet opening soil in the culture hole is watered, and keeping the relative moisture of soil in the culture hole is 80%;
2) according to the method for step 1), making the relative moisture of soil in each culture hole is 80%, continues to cultivate until rudiment and ends during the initial stage;
3) before the rudiment initial stage with the rudiment on the tall stock of every strain apple bud seedling and the accessory bud on buddering erase;
(2) rudiment initial management:
1) insect pest, disease control: on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling respectively evenly spraying one layer concentration be 75% first dimension salting liquid and concentration is really solution of 80% chlorine dioxide; Whenever sprayed once at a distance from 7-8 days; After spraying first dimension salting liquid and chlorine dioxide fruit solution the 2nd day, even spraying one layer concentration respectively is that 100% thiophanate methyl solution and concentration are 80% mancozeb solution on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
2) spray leaf fertilizer: after for the first time spraying thiophanate methyl solution and mancozeb solution the 3rd day; Even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling; After the spray liquid I the 10th day, even spraying one layer soup II on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
3) vertical rod is anti-down: when the trunk height of apple bud seedling is 28-32cm, a side of buddering is fixed, continue to cultivate until the young sprout vigorous period;
(3) young sprout vigorous growth period management:
1) spray leaf fertilizer:
A: getting into young sprout vigorous growth after date, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling;
B: every at a distance from 10-20 days, according to the method for step a, even spraying one layer soup I on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, double after, every at a distance from 10-20 days even spraying one layer soup III on the blade of every strain apple bud seedling, only until the apple tree moulding;
2) soil topdressing: after the rudiment initial stage finishes the 30-45 day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface respectively; And chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill the 100g three element compound fertilizer, seal mulch film then, when continuing to cultivate to the 90-100 day; Open the mulch film on each culture hole upper surface once more respectively, and chase after in the soil in each culture hole and spill 200-300g phosphate fertilizer;
(4) nursing of apple bud seedling
1) nursing of a tip:
A: when the length of a tip that on buddering, grows is 80-100cm, begin, whenever on tip just on a bud, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant, smear to distance tip 10cm place, a tip top and stop at a distance from a bud from the position of the 60cm apart from ground;
B:, each new life's a tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant according to the method for step a;
2) nursing of the secondary tip:
A: when the length of the secondary tip that on buddering, grows is 25-35cm; Evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant at every secondary tip apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm; The secondary tip that is coated with branching promoter for plant is taken branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the secondary tip to be 70 ° of-80 ° of angles;
B: according to the method for step a, each new life's the secondary tip is evenly smeared branching promoter for plant, and each the newborn secondary tip that will smear behind the branching promoter for plant takes branch, make between branch and the apple bud seedling trunk of the newborn secondary tip to be 70 ° of-80 ° of angles;
3) nursing of three tips:
A: when the length of three tips that on buddering, grow is 8-12cm, evenly smear one deck branching promoter for plant apart from the position of apple bud seedling trunk 10cm at every three tips;
B: according to the method for step a, three tips of each new life are all smeared branching promoter for plant, be shaped, end when blooming, promptly accomplish cultivation until apple tree;
The constituent of described soup I is: contain 0.33% urea and 0.017% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup II is: contain 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.0083% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described soup III is: contain 0.25% urea, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6% plant nucleic acid by weight percentage, surplus is a water;
The constituent of described three element compound fertilizer is: contain 17% phosphate fertilizer, 17% nitrogenous fertilizer, 17% potash fertilizer and 49% urea by weight percentage.
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| CN103299870A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-09-18 | 刘建枢 | Third-year high yield technique of long-branch apples with standard rootstocks |
| CN104255361A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-01-07 | 河南三三农业科技有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for fruit trees |
| CN104737832A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-01 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Apple tree grafting method |
| CN105309261A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-10 | 欧广良 | Production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings |
| CN105379599A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-03-09 | 刘建枢 | High yield method for vigorous rootstock long-branch form apples |
| CN106172486A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae increases branch and promotees flower regulator preparation and using method thereof |
| CN106258727A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 黄毅 | The green planting method of apple tree |
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| CN104737832A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-01 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Apple tree grafting method |
| CN105379599A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-03-09 | 刘建枢 | High yield method for vigorous rootstock long-branch form apples |
| CN106172486A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae increases branch and promotees flower regulator preparation and using method thereof |
| CN106258727A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 黄毅 | The green planting method of apple tree |
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