CN1806511A - Dwarf fruit tree trunk shape, its forming method and high-density orchard construction method - Google Patents
Dwarf fruit tree trunk shape, its forming method and high-density orchard construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A main branch shape of short-planted fruit tree, comprising a strong main branch, 50-60 horizontal fruit branches with different length from 3 cm to 60 cm are directly inserted in the main branch with the distance of its branch height to surface being 40-60 cm, the roughness degree ratio between main branch and fruit branch is 5-20:1, the diameter of crown is smaller than 1.3 meter, and tree height is between 2 and 3 meter. The process comprises planting middle branch, carving bud, keeping fruit and flower blooming, controlling branch growth to form crown shape, the plant line distance of apple tree can be smaller than 1*3 meter to reach the close planting degree per mou of 100-550 strains; the plant line distance of peach tree can be smaller than 1*2 meter to reach the close planting degree per mou of 100-550 strains; in orchard, natural weed growth and artificial weed growing can be implemented. The fruit branch grows surround main branch, the irradiation of fruit is longer and, fruit size is uniform and quality is good. The method makes full use of natural condition and reaches purpose of stable and high production.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the cultivation of fruit tree, be specifically related to a kind of short plant fruit tree trunk shape, manufacturing process and high density orchard method of construction.
Background technology:
At present, domestic apple is tree-like roughly can to divide three classes: the first kind is that the coronule of 5 meters line-spacings is dredged layer shape, bottom three scaffold limbs, top spindle; Second class is 4 meters line-spacings, mostly is free spindle and elongated spindle; The 3rd class is 3 meters line-spacings or closeer, mostly is elongated spindle or trunk shape.Planting density has only tens strains or two, 30 strains for every mu, development along with the fruit tree technology, the apple tree planting density develops into tens strains to strains up to a hundred by original tens strains, tree-likely develop into spindle-like, trunk shape by three scaffold limbs, the big tree that has changes main many forms into, and this is several tree-like, much all be in airtight (closing) state at present, the biennial bearing situation is outstanding, the production of can not being annual fruiting.
Japan Tian Zhengfu was forever once introducing in its " the optimum dwarfing culture of apple " book in limited unit space and to give birth to a large amount of high-quality terminal buds, guaranteed bud quantity, made it solid viewpoint.It is tree-like to be shaped as elongated spindle, and laterally branch is limited between 13-18 the branch, 2 * 4 meters planting density, and laterally branch will bounce back and draw back for 1-2 time year time poor an every year, eliminates strong branch, strengthens brachyplast and measures, a utilization softness conversion results.The drawback of this method is: laterally branch is thick long, instability, and the debranching amount is excessive.To soil, weather requirement condition height.Be not suitable for soil, the weather conditions in China suitable fruit tree producing region, be difficult to reach stable and high yields.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of short plant fruit tree trunk shape, the kind method for planting that this trunk shape is shaped and build the method in this tree-like high density orchard.
The present invention takes following technical scheme.
The careful observation that the long-pending many decades of inventor raises fruit trees and grope practice in conjunction with the geography and climate situation in China most of fruit district, has been invented a kind of short plant fruit tree trunk shape, the kind method for planting that this trunk shape is shaped and build the method in this tree-like high density orchard.This scheme mainly contains:
Cultivate and form strong trunk, directly on the trunk of dried rise ground more than 40～60 centimetres give birth to 3 centimetres of 50～60 lateral junction fruit branches to 60 centimetres of varying lengths, these lateral junction fruit branches draw back than far away with the rugosity of trunk, be sagging naturally shape behind the result more, trunk is 5～20: 1 with the rugosity ratio of fruit bearing shoot, crown diameter is less than 1.3 meters, and the height of tree is between 2～3 meters.
For cultivation forms aforesaid short plant fruit tree trunk shape, can take following method:
A: do in fostering, plantation then, the fruit tree top grows when reaching 20 centimetres, the nonirrigated farmland is far from ground more than 40 centimetres, water ground is more than 60 centimetres, No. 2 branching promoter for plant point buds in usefulness Luoyang, o'clock after one of two bud point, top 20～30 centimeters are point not, is sprouted by its self-sow; Begin training near stopping when long when nourishing and growing, during lateral junction fruit branch length to 40～60 centimetres, change a undershoot to the sagging negative angle that forms over the ground at base portion;
B: carve bud, for preventing branch length unanimity, the bud of doing in annual fruit tree in 1 year on the top is carved one every two buds, does the bud that does not grow in biennial will all carve, and laterally branch, prosperous branch are all carved buds, want the back bud behind bud, to carve when carving bud, the back of the body down under bud, the side bud before bud, carve, in do the empty prosperous sprig that goes up on the lateral junction fruit branch, 15 centimetres with interior pressing down the top is short sprouts, branch is changeed once again in the centre that surpasses 15 centimetres, the visible string branch of biennial branch flower;
C: stay fruit to become flower, bud is all carved on top made it become flower to highly surpassing 2.5 meters branch in the 3rd year, and laterally branch surpasses 60 centimetre lengths, and prune and sag into negative angle in ground relatively;
No matter dwarfing rootstock and tall anvil, brachyplast density is identical.
The tree-like construction of the present invention is fairly simple, prunes without scissors substantially, and is shaped with the hand training, and the nutrition waste is few, and the bud quality height is applicable to the cultivation of high density orchard.
D: crown by the control of control shoot growth:
A: carve bud early spring: carve bud before germinateing early spring, annual prosperous branch and in do to go up and not have the bud sprouted, lateral junction fruit branch back bud is carved behind bud, bud is carved before bud under the side, vertical branch sees that bud just carves, the position on bud, in do on bud and carve, quarter, bud was carved into crescent shaped;
B: strong and weak junction ring cutting, strong and weak junction ring cutting, according to thickness degree ring cutting 1～3 road, what 0.3～0.5 centimetre of diameter was thick cuts together, 0.4～0.6 centimetre of thick twice of cutting, 0.6～0.8 centimetre of thick three road of cutting, middle ware is wide 0.3 centimetre;
C: press down the top and urge to sprout, the control apical growth is pinched terminal bud to the empty prosperous sprig of 5～15 centimeter length before germinateing, and after the branch more than 15 centimetres pinches terminal bud, changes a undershoot again every 5～6 buds, and branch length can be changeed several places more;
D: the pinching defoliation, pinch apical growing point to giving birth to empty prosperous sprig then, remove several tender leafs again, the control shoot growth;
C: change branch and make wound, to giving birth to lateral junction fruit branch and 1 year or perennial branch then, before each growth, before germinateing as the Winter-Spring, nourish and grow near stopping when long, when building the tree-like lateral junction fruit branch of trunk radius length to 40～60 centimetres, firmly reversing at base portion;
D: take branch softening, hold annual shoot, thumb and forefinger are oppositely exerted oneself, and tree core people slows down the front end growing way for causing internal injury, increases rear portion bud matter, makes the branch conversion results early;
E: the shunting ring cutting, before the germination, every 5～6 buds (about 15 centimetres) ring cutting together, before the bud of position bud behind the bud of back bud and under the side, ring cutting can make it 1～2 bud in nutrition centralizedly supply rings cut rear portion of 5～6 bud sections change from weak to strong.Behind the ring cutting of shunting, ordinary circumstance can grow brachyplast two or three before stopping for the first time length.This moment is if branch force power is irregular, can be in strong and weak junction ring cutting again.Strong and weak junction is meant thick prosperous branch more than 5～7 millimeters and thick 3～4 millimeters weak branch junction;
F: inspire pining down branch, keep two or three bud place ring cuttings at base portion and inspire.Pining down the effect of branch, is the unnecessary nutrition that trunk is carried to the branch front end, pins down branch from base portion by regeneration and shunt away, slows down the branch front end with this and crosses prosperous growth and back excessive growth, guarantees that this branch growing way stablizes and rejuvenation;
Build the method in aforesaid short plant fruit tree trunk shape high density orchard,
A: the apple tree seeding row spacing can reach every mu 100～550 strain of tangled vegetation less than 1 * 3 meter; The peach seeding row spacing can reach every mu 150～550 strain of tangled vegetation less than 1 * 2 meter;
B: orchard natural grass or people's work post grass.In the existing soil management system of China, the clear system of ploughing accounts for significant proportion.Clear plough system with weed eradication, broken plate, to plough deeply be basic means, the tree dish is dug in the Winter-Springs of adopting, the north deeply, the season of growth is repeatedly intertilled weed eradication, irrigate and rainfall after intertillage in time break measures such as plate, attempt to allow in the orchard only long tree not grow grass.In fact, the capillary root of apple tree about 80% concentrates in 0～40 cm layer of soil, and it is more concentrated particularly to distribute in the topsoil more than 20 centimetres.If often hoe up weeds, can considerable damage capillary root.Capillary root in the thin solum is the main absorption organ of fruit tree, and clear maximum drawback of ploughing system is exactly a large amount of capillary root systems that damage, and makes the organic matter in the soil obviously not enough because of consuming excessively, causes the soil organic matter seriously deficient, cause setting the body early ageing underproduction, fruit quality constantly descends.Particularly the land occupation condition of China fruit tree is generally relatively poor.The hillside orchard soil layer is thin, fertility is low, also often is subjected to the threat of arid; More fertile plot, owing to lavishment chemical fertilizer, Shaoshi or not organic fertilizer soil physical and chemical property is seriously damaged, traditional in addition clear system of ploughing, more as make the matter worse.Carry out natural grass system, both can culture fertility, protect the soil soil moisture conservation, can regulate the fruit tree growing way again.Natural grass is subjected to effect of natural conditions bigger, the density and the coverage rate of grass are lower, and majority is a grass family, phenomenon that easy appearance and fruit tree " strive nitrogen ", often make a little less than the yellow branch of fruit tree leaves, need timely and appropriate discovery to replenish nitrogenous fertilizer, area with good conditionsi can be implemented people's work post grass and be covered grass, in the practice, the effect of plantation rape is more remarkable.
The present invention has significant technique effect.
Because no bifurcated branch hides, the horizontal branch of result around trunk and is given birth to, and fruit is subjected to light application time long, is subjected to light even.Studies confirm that fruit dry matter 96% be photosynthate from sunlight, carbonic acid gas and water, be absorbing of natural energy, only account for 3.5% from the mineral matter of soil.In the photosynthesis condition of the abundant ventilation and penetrating light in orchard, there has been assurance in the source of main output, and the fruit size is even, and quality is superior.The most of regional apple per mu yield standard of China is 6000 jin of high yields, 4000 jin of middle output, 2000 jin of lows yield, whole nation actual average output is less than 1000 jin, and the present invention tests the orchard, and per mu yield can be up to 20000 jin, obtain the sensation effect, be subjected to fruit tree expert and orchard worker's height praise.This technology can be done in fostering not watering, do not apply fertilizer, do not hoe up weeds, under the situation of not beta pruning, making full use of natural conditions, stores up horizontal branch, changes branch control, and production of fruit trees does not have biennial bearing, has reached beyond thought effect.As suitably imposing under the amino acid whose situation, effect of increasing production is more remarkable.This technology is not only put into practice very successful in the plantation of apple tree, and successively also all succeeds seeds such as peach, pears, apricot, Lee, jujube, persimmon, pomegranate, grapes.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1-6 is the short plant fruit tree trunk shape outline drawing of growing year by year.
Accompanying drawing 7 is short plant fruit tree trunk shape outline drawing.
Accompanying drawing 8 is that traditional fruit tree is tree-like.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: Hou Bao village, head town, Xia County, Shanxi Province what certain, according to dialectical administrative skill main points, according to technical solution of the present invention, adopt 1 * 2.7 meter, 2 * 2.7 meters, 1 * 3.5 meter different densities to build ten mu of big orchards, main breed is the Fuji apple, cultivate tree-like with the horizontal branch of trunk shape, trunk is 7: 1 with the rugosity ratio of horizontal branch, crown diameter is between 1.1～1.2 meters, about 2.5 meters of the height of tree, horizontal short living around trunk alternate angle degree, and the control generation is different in size, guarantees that whole fruits are subjected to abundant sunshine.Based on horizontal branch result, jin surplus per mu yield can reach 14000, mostly gardenful is the fruit more than 80, and commodity rate reaches more than 94%, and every mu is dropped into 300～400 yuan.His orchard formed on the green a slice in ground, the tree fruit full, underground do not have pipe, do not cut on the tree, shaped attractive in appearance together entirely, small investment, high efficiency.
Embodiment 2: 14 mu of Fuji apples Qiaoization of Xia County, Shanxi Province Lu Yin village Wang water, because of the garden is airtight entirely, according to the technical solution of the present invention transformation, planting density is 1.5 * 3.5 meters and 2 * 3.5 meters, transforms 6000 jin of per mu yields in back 1 year, 7000 jin of per mu yields in 2002,21740 jin of per mu yields in 2003,13000 jin of per mu yields in 2004.
Embodiment 3: certain is closed in Guan Jiawo village, old city township, Pinglu, Shanxi, the dialectical administrative skill theory of fruit tree and the culture technique of utilization the invention, test the tall anvil Fuji apple of more than the 10 mu of high density of planting, wherein most of planting density is 1 * 1.2 meter seeding row spacing (mu is planted 550 strains), the small part planting density is 1.2 * 2.5 meters seeding row spacings (mu is planted 330 strains), every mu has been overlapped 50,000 bags, most of per mu yield is more than 10000 jin, wherein the mu 0.07 hectare high yield of planting 550 strains reaches 22800 jin, and does not have airtight fully.
Embodiment 4 (transforming example): peach is adopted this technology, the 1 year just energy per mu yield peach 2000-7000 jin that plants seedlings, jin up to ten thousand year after year later on.After 8 fens nonirrigated farmland peach of an orchard worker transform main many forms peach as, 14000 jin of big peaches of output, quality is obviously good.Persimmon is used this technology, transforms back output and increases to 5 times; Water ground adopts the airtight apple orchard of this technological transformation, makes one into and main does tree-likely more, and the per mu yield high quality apple reaches more than 20,000 jin.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of short plant fruit tree trunk shape, it is characterized in that it has a strong trunk, directly on the trunk of dried rise ground more than 40～60 centimetres give birth to 3 centimetres of 50～60 lateral junction fruit branches to 60 centimetres of varying lengths, trunk is 5～20: 1 with the rugosity ratio of fruit bearing shoot, crown diameter is less than 1.3 meters, and the height of tree is between 2～3 meters.
2, a kind of method of planting short plant fruit tree trunk shape as claimed in claim 1:
A: do in fostering, plantation then, the fruit tree top grows when reaching 20 centimetres, more than 40 centimetres, bud is put with branching promoter for plant more than 60 centimetres in water ground far from ground in the nonirrigated farmland, o'clock after one of two bud point, top 20～30 centimeters are point not, is sprouted by its self-sow; Begin training near stopping when long when nourishing and growing, during lateral junction fruit branch length to 40～60 centimetres, change a undershoot to sagging at base portion;
B: carve bud, the bud of doing in annual fruit tree on the top in 1 year is carved one every two buds, the bud that does not grow on doing in biennial will all carve, laterally branch, prosperous branch are all carved bud, want the back bud behind bud, to carve when carving bud, the back of the body down under bud, the side bud before bud, carve, in do empty prosperous sprig on the last lateral junction fruit branch, 15 centimetres are pressed down with interior that the top is short sprouts, and branch is changeed once again in the centre that surpasses 15 centimetres;
C: stay fruit to become flower, bud is all carved on top made it become flower to highly surpassing 2.5 meters branch in the 3rd year, and laterally branch surpasses 60 centimetre lengths, and prune and sag into negative angle in ground relatively;
D: the control shoot growth forms crown:
A: carve bud early spring: carve bud before germinateing early spring, annual prosperous branch and in do to go up and not have the bud sprouted, lateral junction fruit branch back bud is carved behind bud, bud is carved before bud under the side, vertical branch sees that bud just carves, the position on bud, in do on bud and carve, quarter, bud was carved into crescent shaped;
B: strong and weak junction ring cutting, strong and weak junction ring cutting, according to thickness degree ring cutting 1-3 road, what 0.3～0.5 centimetre of diameter was thick cuts together, 0.4～0.6 centimetre of thick twice of cutting, 0.6～0.8 centimetre of thick three road of cutting, middle ware is wide 0.3 centimetre;
C: press down that the top is short sprouts, the control apical growth, the branch of 5～15 centimeter length pinches terminal bud, after the branch more than 15 centimetres pinches terminal bud, changes a undershoot again every 5～6 buds, and branch length can be changeed several places more;
D: the pinching defoliation, pinch and remove apical growing point, remove several tender leafs again, the control shoot growth;
C: change branch and make wound, to giving birth to lateral junction fruit branch and 1 year or perennial branch then, before each growth, before germinateing as the Winter-Spring, nourish and grow near stop when long, to build the tree-like lateral junction fruit branch of trunk radius long during to 40-60 centimetre, firmly reverse at base portion;
D: take branch softening, to the annual shoot people for causing internal injury;
E: the shunting ring cutting, every 5-6 bud (about 15 centimetres) ring cutting together, before the bud of position bud behind the bud of back bud and under the side;
F: inspire pining down branch, keep two or three bud place ring cuttings at base portion and inspire
3, a kind of method of building short plant fruit tree trunk shape high density as claimed in claim 1 orchard is characterized in that:
A: the apple tree seeding row spacing can reach every mu 100～550 strain of tangled vegetation less than 1 * 3 meter; The peach seeding row spacing can be less than 1 * 2 meter, and tangled vegetation is every mu 150～550 strain;
B: orchard natural grass or people's work post grass.
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| CN102349402A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2012-02-15 | 广东省生宝种养有限公司 | Papaya dwarfing planting method |
| CN102487773A (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2012-06-13 | 林芳立 | Contemporary planting, forming and flowering cultivation method for vigorous stock long-shoot apple buds |
| CN102893836A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-30 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN103798095A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-05-21 | 宫银慧 | Pruning-free cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN104488642A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-08 | 永泰县大洋天一现代农场 | Cultivating method of dwarf apple samplings suitable for Fujian province |
| CN104705139A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-17 | 王宏 | Shaping method for apple tree |
| CN104823788A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-12 | 塔里木大学 | Columnar tree culture method suitable for high-density cultivation of nectarine in greenhouse |
| CN105052648A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 襄汾县四通卉林果科技开发专业合作社 | Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits |
| CN105145223A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-12-16 | 中农全保（北京）科技投资有限公司 | Fruit tree one-trunk-multi-branch tree form reconstruction method |
| CN105379600A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Branch cutting method for dwarf and close planting of pome fruit trees |
| CN105557256A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-11 | 长顺县昌鹏养殖农民专业合作社 | High-yield promotion method for apples in high-density continuous-cropping aged orchard |
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| CN102349402A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2012-02-15 | 广东省生宝种养有限公司 | Papaya dwarfing planting method |
| CN102487773B (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2016-08-03 | 林芳立 | The plantation in the same year of tall anvil long shoot type Fructus Mali pumilae sprout is shaped as the cultural method of flower |
| CN102487773A (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2012-06-13 | 林芳立 | Contemporary planting, forming and flowering cultivation method for vigorous stock long-shoot apple buds |
| CN102893836A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-30 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN102893836B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-01-08 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN104705139A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-17 | 王宏 | Shaping method for apple tree |
| CN103798095A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-05-21 | 宫银慧 | Pruning-free cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN104488642A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-08 | 永泰县大洋天一现代农场 | Cultivating method of dwarf apple samplings suitable for Fujian province |
| CN105981544A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Sapling axillary bud flower formation technology for Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch |
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| CN104823788A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-12 | 塔里木大学 | Columnar tree culture method suitable for high-density cultivation of nectarine in greenhouse |
| CN105145223A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-12-16 | 中农全保（北京）科技投资有限公司 | Fruit tree one-trunk-multi-branch tree form reconstruction method |
| CN105145223B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2018-03-06 | 中农全保（北京）科技投资有限公司 | Fruit tree transform the more dry tree-like method of a master as |
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| CN105379600A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Branch cutting method for dwarf and close planting of pome fruit trees |
| CN105379600B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-11-14 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | The method of the disconnected branch of Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing pomaceous fruit tree |
| CN105557256A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-11 | 长顺县昌鹏养殖农民专业合作社 | High-yield promotion method for apples in high-density continuous-cropping aged orchard |
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| CN106416883A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-02-22 | 塔里木大学 | Method for promoting generation of flower buds of apple in sandy land |
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