CN105027962B - Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees - Google Patents
Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN105027962B CN105027962B CN201510565330.XA CN201510565330A CN105027962B CN 105027962 B CN105027962 B CN 105027962B CN 201510565330 A CN201510565330 A CN 201510565330A CN 105027962 B CN105027962 B CN 105027962B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees, and relates to the technical field of cherry tree cultivation. The method includes the following steps that step1, according to land selection, a planting site at the plateau warm and cool region is selected, wherein the elevation ranges from 1800 m to 2400 m ; step2, seedling selection is performed; step3, root-controlling field planting is performed; step4, trunk heading is performed for the first time; step5, first layers of fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated; step6, trunk heading is performed for the second time; step7, second layers of fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated; step8, trunk heading is performed for the third time; step9, third layers of fruit-bearing groups are cultivated; step10, trunk heading is performed for the fourth time; step11, fourth layers of fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated; step12, shaping is performed. The cultivation method has the advantages that the method can regulate and control root systems and enable lateral roots to be thick and short, the photosynthesis of tree crowns is sufficient, the time for cultivating the fruit-bearing branch groups is shortened by 1-2 years, planting density is high, the land area is saved, and the yield of cherries can be obviously increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, and in particular to cultural method is preced with a kind of large cherry control root control.
Background technology
Large cherry is also referred to as car li, refers to the import cherry of the big skin depth for originating in the American States such as the U.S., Canada, Chile
Fructus Persicae, does not refer to the cherry of a little thin skin, although also there be at present introducing a fine variety for car li fruit tree in China, but does not also form rule
Mould.Prior art discloses a kind of implantation methods of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi（Application publication number CN104115721A）, its disclosed cultivation management
It is to the technical measures that surely dry control hat is taken in step：Before spring rudiment or after fall foliage, 1 year raw grafting finished product is transplanted
Seedling；Main breed and pollinated variety ratio 3～5：1, free spindle shaping is taken, First Year is fixed in 80cm or so places after field planting
It is dry, by the trimming and finishing of continuous 3 years, layered configuration is done in surrounding or spiral the major branch of raw 15～20 uniaxial extensions, shape
Into few backbone, racemosus group, rudimentary time, high differential tree management；3 meters or so of the height of tree, in do upright tall and straight, base portion major branch is long
150～200cm, 70～85 degree of angle, middle and upper part major branch 100～150cm of length, 80～90 degree of angle.Tree after of the invention fixed dry
It is high 3 meters, it is tree-like higher, and also major branch is longer, and the seeding row spacing between car li is controlled in 3m × 4m, just can guarantee that the illumination of tree crown
Degree, therefore the utilization rate in soil is reduced, reduce planting density reduction, per mu yield.
Prior art also discloses a kind of cultural method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi fruitful branch（Application publication number CN104255365A）, this
The whole incubation of method needs to complete for 4 years, and as the 1st year of culture from the 3rd year or the 4th year of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi plantation, the 1st year from knot
Send fruitful branch on the female branch of fruit, make fruitful branch be evenly distributed on bearing basal shoot both sides, between the fruitful branch of bearing basal shoot one side away from
From for 60-80cm, allowing the abundant light of fruitful branch.The method fruitful branch ordered distribution, most of fruitful branch light is good, and pest and disease damage is sent out
Raw few, laxative is easy, and Pesticide use amount is also few.But this cultural method incubation time is up to 4 years, from the 3rd year of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi plantation
Or if counting from the 4th year, 7-8 is needed altogether, thus it is time-consuming oversize, it is unfavorable for getting bumper crops and improving peasant economy income.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide root system can be regulated and controled, make lateral root shape thick
And short, tree crown photosynthesis fully, fruit-bearing shoot cluster incubation time shorten 1-2 and planting density height, Economization on land area,
The control root control hat cultural method of the large cherry of cherry yield can be significantly improved.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of control root control hat cultivation side of large cherry
Method, it is characterised in that：The step of including following orders：
（1）Selection of land：Height above sea level is selected in the plant place in the cool area of 1800-2400m plateaus temperature；
（2）Seedling is selected：Select 1-2 lifes, plant height 100-140cm, the large cherry high-quality nutrient bag of strain footpath 0.8-2cm
Seedlings or bare-root seeding；
（3）Control root field planting：Smooth plant place, is rule, according to seeding row spacing according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m
It is required that positioning puts control root container, large cherry seedling is transplanted for 2 months in annual December to next year, first by substrate during transplanting
Soil is put into control root container and is treaded with foot, then by the large cherry planting seedlings got ready in the middle of control root container, large cherry seedling is transferred
Interface is concordant with the opening of control root container, and flood is poured after field planting is good, makes substrate soil and tree root combine closely；
（4）It is fixed for the first time dry：It is fixed for the first time that 1 full bud of selecting and remain from graft union above 40cm after large cherry field planting is carried out
It is dry；The 2-3 buds on top are erased after doing calmly, retains the 1st bud, allow its continued growth, reduction apical dominance to be easy to cultivate base portion
Ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
（5）Ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Until 6-July trunk middle part is grown after 2-3 stout and strong branches, by branch
Base portion retains to be wiped out after 2-3 buds so as to send multiple thin and delicate branches as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture, not control result
Major branch grows, and does not cultivate side shoot, makes ground floor one side result major branch be in 120 with the angle of trunk by the way of branch using pulling down
Degree；
(6) do calmly for second：Before the Second Year beginning of spring, selecting and remain at ground floor result major branch 40cm, 1 full bud enters
Go second and do calmly, the 2-3 buds on top are not erased after doing calmly, strengthen apical dominance, decrease ground floor result major branch growing way, shape
Into bud differentiation；
（7）Second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Until 6-7 month trunks top is grown after 2-3 stout and strong branches, retain top
The 1st branch is held, 2-3 branches base portion is retained and is wiped out after 2-3 buds so as to sent multiple thin and delicate branches and tie as the second layer
Fruit branch tissue culture is supported, and the growth of control result major branch, does not cultivate side shoot, make by the way of branch second layer one side result master using pulling down
Branch is in 120 degree with the angle of trunk；
（8）Third time is fixed dry：The method of the 3rd year repetition Second Year is done surely；
（9）Third layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Repeat the cultural method of second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows
To 60cm, side shoot is not cultivated, make third layer one side result major branch be in 120 degree with the angle of trunk by the way of branch using pulling down；
（10）4th time fixed dry：The method of the 4th year repetition Second Year is done surely；
（11）4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Repeat the cultural method of second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch is given birth to
It is long not cultivate side shoot to 40cm, make the 4th layer of unilateral result major branch and the angle of trunk be in 90 degree by the way of branch using pulling down；
（12）Setting：When the height of tree is more than 2 meters trunk top is wiped out or is evened up, it is short to eventually form top result branch,
The sagging spindle of lower elongate result branch is tree-like.
The present invention is in step（3）Substrate soil described in control root field planting is the Semen Pini skin for being become thoroughly decomposed by 40% by weight percentage
It is obtained after the mixing of shell, 30% soil, 20% farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed and 10% turfy soil, the described Semen Pini cot for becoming thoroughly decomposed is by Semen Pini
After cot is crushed, water-sprinkling adds microbial bacterial agent, is obtained after covering tightly compacting fermentation 30 days with Polypropylence Sheet after accumulation.
The present invention is in step（3）Control root container described in control root field planting is non-woven bag, and described non-woven bag is a width of
60-80cm, a height of 50-60cm.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention have：
1st, can high-density planting, both Economization on land, not destroyed land resource, moreover it is possible to carried out using discarded sandy beach, wasteland
Cultivation.Due to carrying out controlling after root process by non-woven bag, make root growth shallow and concentrate, substrate and rich water pipe can be fully absorbed
The nutrition that the reason phase provides, enables large cherry result major branch to fully absorb nutrition, and as a result major branch tubbiness, fruit quality are improved,
And because root system grows in non-woven bag, typically will not grow in ground, therefore land resource is not destroyed, and to planting
The soil for planting place do not require, can be in sandy beach, wasteland, even transplanted on concrete floor.Additionally, according to line-spacing 1.2m ×
Spacing in the rows 0.8m is carried out after line field planting, can realize high-density planting, and every mu of soil can plant 550-560 strain large cherry, than routine
Per mu of field production can cultivate 500 plants more, output increased 1000kg.
2nd, it is tree-like downgraded, tree crown is compact, photosynthesis are abundant, result is early, shift to an earlier date 1-2 into fruiting period, and fruit
Quality is good.The present invention in large cherry bud differentiation physiologically using technology is controlled after front rush, i.e., it is fixed for the first time it is dry after erase top
2-3 buds, retain the 1st bud continued growth, but second it is fixed it is dry after do not erase the 2-3 buds on top, strengthen apical dominance, subtract
Weak ground floor result major branch growing way, formed bud differentiation, making the development of tree body can be carried out by the developmental process of bearing tree, so when
Year's harvest bud is worked as in year plant, and Second Year achievement can be achieved with high yield third and fourth year, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture can be from after field planting then
Begin to, four layers of fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture are only needed to 3 years, are bound within the 4th year, and it is tree-like downgraded, the height of tree only has 1.8-2m.This
Outward, the present invention is after length, the angle for controlling each layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and fruit light is good, and without thorax fruit in shading, fruit size is equal
Even, pol is high, coloring is rich and gaudy, greatly improves fruit quality.The large cherry iron-holder mean height of present invention cultivation up to 6.1%, than
The iron-holder of the conventional variety sold on market is higher by 1.5%, and pol mean height reaches 26-32 degree, than the conventional variety sold on market
Pol be higher by 8-16 degree.
3rd, substrate soil loosening, nutrition rationally, is conducive to big cherry root growth promoter.The substrate soil of the present invention is by becoming thoroughly decomposed
It is obtained after the mixing of Semen Pini cot, soil, the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed and turfy soil, the Semen Pini cot for becoming thoroughly decomposed can keep the loose of substrate
Degree, and the farm manure and turfy soil that become thoroughly decomposed can provide sufficient organic matter to large cherry, the substrate soil content of organic matter of the present invention reaches
More than 30%, can promote big cherry root grow demand, both met large cherry grow to a great number of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium needs,
Its demand to trace-element fertilizer is also ensure that, soil permeability is increased, soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation performance is strengthened.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not limited to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1st, the control root control hat cultural method of a kind of large cherry, it is characterised in that：The step of including following orders：
（1）Selection of land：Select height above sea level in the plant place in the cool area of 2000 m plateaus temperature, plant place can be land for growing field crops, discard
Sandy beach, wasteland.
（2）Seedling is selected：Select life in 1 year, plant height 100cm, the large cherry high-quality nutrient bag seedlings of strain footpath 0.8cm, it is desirable to
Seedling growth is healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm.
（3）Control root field planting：Smooth plant place, is rule, according to line-spacing, spacing in the rows according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m
Requirement positioning put control root container, large cherry seedling transplanted in annual December, first substrate soil is put into into control during transplanting
Root container is treaded with foot, then by the large cherry planting seedlings got ready in the middle of control root container, the graft union of large cherry seedling and control
The opening of root container is concordant, and flood is poured after field planting is good, makes substrate soil and tree root combine closely.Substrate soil used by the present embodiment
It is obtained after being mixed by the Semen Pini cot, soil that become thoroughly decomposed, the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed and turfy soil, by weight percentage the Semen Pini to become thoroughly decomposed
Cot 40%, soil 30%, the farm manure 20% for becoming thoroughly decomposed, turfy soil 10%, the described Semen Pini cot for becoming thoroughly decomposed is by Semen Pini cot powder
After broken, water-sprinkling adds " Gu Lin " the board organic matter decomposing inoculant produced by Shanghai Lianye Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., uses after accumulation
Polypropylence Sheet covers tightly compacting, and fermentation is obtained after 30 days, and more than 30%, pH value is 6.8 for prefabricated its content of organic matter of substrate soil.
（4）It is fixed for the first time dry：It is fixed for the first time that 1 full bud of selecting and remain from graft union above 40cm after large cherry field planting is carried out
It is dry；The 2-3 buds on top are erased after doing calmly, retains the 1st bud, allow its continued growth, reduction apical dominance to be easy to cultivate base portion
Ground floor result major branch.
（5）Ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Until trunk middle part is grown after 2-3 stout and strong branches, by branch at the beginning of 7 months
Base portion retains to be wiped out after 2-3 buds so as to send multiple thin and delicate branches as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture, not control result
Major branch grows, and does not cultivate side shoot, makes ground floor one side result major branch be in 120 with the angle of trunk by the way of branch using pulling down
Degree.
(6) do calmly for second：Before the Second Year beginning of spring, selecting and remain at ground floor result major branch 40cm, 1 full bud enters
Go second and do calmly, the 2-3 buds on top are not erased after doing calmly, strengthen apical dominance, decrease ground floor result major branch growing way, shape
Into bud differentiation.
（7）Second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Until trunk top at the beginning of 7 months is grown after 2-3 stout and strong branches, retain top
The 1st branch is held, 2-3 branches base portion is retained and is wiped out after 2-3 buds so as to sent multiple thin and delicate branches and tie as the second layer
Fruit branch tissue culture is supported；The growth of control result major branch, does not cultivate side shoot, make by the way of branch second layer one side result master using pulling down
Branch is in 120 degree with the angle of trunk.
（8）Third time is fixed dry：The method of the 3rd year repetition Second Year is done surely.
（9）Third layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Repeat the cultural method of second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows
To 60cm, side shoot is not cultivated, make third layer one side result major branch be in 120 degree with the angle of trunk by the way of branch using pulling down.
（10）4th time fixed dry：The method of the 4th year repetition Second Year is done surely.
（11）4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Repeat the cultural method of second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch is given birth to
It is long not cultivate side shoot to 40cm, make the 4th layer of unilateral result major branch and the angle of trunk be in 90 degree by the way of branch using pulling down.
（12）Setting：When the height of tree is more than 2m trunk top is wiped out or evened up, it is short to eventually form top result branch, under
The sagging spindle of the elongated result branch in portion is tree-like.
The large cherry of the present invention is transplanted then when year's harvest bud, Second Year achievement, can be achieved with high yield, tree third and fourth year
Shape is downgraded, and the height of tree only has 2m, than conventional tree-like short 1-2m.And fruit light is good, fruit size is uniform, iron-holder
High, pol is high, it is rich and gaudy to colour, and greatly improves fruit quality.
After testing, the large cherry iron-holder mean height of the present embodiment cultivation is up to 6.1%, than the conventional variety sold on market
Iron-holder is high by 1.5%, and pol mean height is up to 30 degree, and the pol of the conventional variety than selling on market is high 15 degree.The gorgeous skin of large cherry color
Thickness, flesh firmness height, thick flavor, the few sweet many, excellent taste of acid.
The present embodiment can plant 560 plants of large cherry on every mu of soil, than conventional per mu of field production to cultivate 500 plants more,
Per mu yield reaches 1100kg after plantation is cultivated 3 years, and high yield period per mu yield reaches 2200kg within the 4th year, and high yield period carries than general planting method
First 2 years, high yield period output increased 1000kg was calculated by southern 100 yuan/kg of car li market flat fares in 2015, and per mu can increase
Produce effects beneficial 100,000 yuan.
Embodiment 2
（1）Selection of land：Select height above sea level in the plant place in the cool area of 2400 m plateaus temperature, plant place can be land for growing field crops, discard
Sandy beach, wasteland；
（2）Seedling is selected：Select life in 2 years, plant height 140cm, the large cherry high-quality bare-root seeding of strain footpath 2cm, it is desirable to which nursery stock gives birth to
It is long healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm；
（3）Control root field planting：Smooth plant place, is rule, according to line-spacing, strain according to the m of 1.2 m of line-spacing × spacing in the rows 0.8
Away from requirement positioning put control root container, large cherry seedling transplanted for 2 months in next year, and remaining is with embodiment 1；
Remaining step is with embodiment 1.
After testing, the present embodiment cultivation large cherry harvesting after iron-holder mean height up to 6.2%, than the routine sold on market
The iron-holder of kind is high by 1.6%, and pol mean height is up to 32 degree, and the pol of the conventional variety than selling on market is high 18 degree.Large cherry color
Gorgeous skin depth, flesh firmness height, thick flavor, the few sweet many, excellent taste of acid.
Claims (3)
1. cultural method is preced with the control root control of a kind of large cherry, it is characterised in that：The step of including following orders：
（1）Selection of land：Height above sea level is selected in the plant place in the cool area of 1800-2400m plateaus temperature；
（2）Seedling is selected：Select 1-2 lifes, plant height 100-140cm, the large cherry high-quality nutrient bag seedlings of strain footpath 0.8-2cm
Or bare-root seeding；
（3）Control root field planting：Smooth plant place, is rule, according to the requirement of seeding row spacing according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m
Positioning puts control root container, and large cherry seedling transplanted for 2 months in annual December to next year, first puts substrate soil during transplanting
Enter to control root container to be treaded with foot, then by the large cherry planting seedlings got ready in the middle of control root container, the graft union of large cherry seedling
Concordant with the opening of control root container, flood is poured after field planting is good, makes substrate soil and tree root combine closely；
（4）It is fixed for the first time dry：1 full bud of selecting and remain from graft union above 40cm after large cherry field planting carries out fixed for the first time dry；
The 2-3 buds on top are erased after fixed dry, retains the 1st bud, allow its continued growth, reduce apical dominance, be easy to cultivate the of base portion
One layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
（5）Ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Until 6-July trunk middle part is grown after 2-3 stout and strong branches, by branch base portion
Retain and wiped out after 2-3 buds so as to send multiple thin and delicate branches as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture, not control result major branch
Growth, does not cultivate side shoot, makes ground floor one side result major branch be in 120 degree with the angle of trunk by the way of branch using pulling down；
(6) do calmly for second：Before the Second Year beginning of spring, in 1 full bud of selecting and remain at ground floor result major branch 40cm is carried out
It is secondary fixed dry, the 2-3 buds on top are not erased after doing calmly, strengthen apical dominance, weaken ground floor result major branch growing way, formed and spent
Bud breaks up；
（7）Second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Until 6-7 month trunks top is grown after 2-3 stout and strong branches, retain top the 1st
Branch, 2-3 branches base portion is retained and is wiped out after 2-3 buds so as to send multiple thin and delicate branches as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Culture, the growth of control result major branch, does not cultivate side shoot, make by the way of branch second layer one side result major branch and tree using pulling down
Dry angle is in 120 degree；
（8）Third time is fixed dry：The method of the 3rd year repetition Second Year is done surely；
（9）Third layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Repeat the cultural method of second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to
60cm, does not cultivate side shoot, makes third layer one side result major branch be in 120 degree with the angle of trunk by the way of branch using pulling down；
（10）4th time fixed dry：The method of the 4th year repetition Second Year is done surely；
（11）4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture：Repeat the cultural method of second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to
40cm, does not cultivate side shoot, makes the 4th layer of unilateral result major branch and the angle of trunk be in 90 degree by the way of branch using pulling down；
（12）Setting：When the height of tree is more than 2 meters trunk top is wiped out or evened up, it is short to eventually form top result branch, bottom
The sagging spindle of elongated result branch is tree-like.
2. cultural method is preced with the control root control of a kind of large cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（3）Control
Substrate soil described in root field planting is Semen Pini cot, 30% soil, 20% farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed for being become thoroughly decomposed by 40% by weight percentage
With 10% turfy soil mixing after be obtained, the described Semen Pini cot for becoming thoroughly decomposed be by Semen Pini cot crush after, water-sprinkling add microbial bacteria
Agent, is obtained after covering tightly compacting fermentation 30 days with Polypropylence Sheet after accumulation.
3. cultural method is preced with the control root control of a kind of large cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（3）Control
Root field planting described in control root container be non-woven bag, a width of 60-80cm of non-woven bag, a height of 50-60cm.
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| CN112616540A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process |
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