CN108812016B - Transplanting planting method for cherry big seedlings - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention provides a transplanting and planting method of cherry big seedlings, and particularly relates to the technical field of transplanting and planting of fruit trees. The method comprises the following steps: preparation of transplanting matrix, preparation of plantation, transplantation and management after transplantation. The method can improve the transplanting survival rate of the cherry big seedlings, reduce the early-stage production investment, easily control the rich water, obviously lose weight and reduce the pesticide content, loosen the soil while improving the organic matter content of the soil, achieve the effect of improving the soil, and ensure that the transplanting survival rate of the big seedlings is more than 98 percent even if the soil of the plantation is nutrient-poor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a transplanting and planting method for cherry big seedlings.
Background
The fruits of the plants in the genus of Prunus of the family of Prunoideae of the family of Rosaceae of the genus of Prunaceae are bright in color and rich in sugar, protein, vitamins and various elements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium and the like, so that the plants are popular with people. However, the proverb cherry trees are difficult to cultivate in every sentence, and the difficulty in cultivating the cherry trees can be reflected. Cherry trees have the characteristics of preference for light, temperature, humidity and fertilizer, so that hilly areas with fertile soil, deep soil layer, low underground water level, water pouring conditions and good drainage are selected as much as possible in the field construction. If cherries are planted in areas such as barren mountainous regions and paddy fields with high underground water levels, soil improvement is needed, and the soil improvement is a long process and can be continuously improved for many years to slowly recover the fertility of the cherries; the soil can be changed to improve the whole garden, but the method has higher cost and the fruit grower cannot bear the economic pressure for a while.
Therefore, how to improve the cherry transplanting survival rate on the barren land becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a cherry big seedling transplanting planting method which can improve the cherry big tree transplanting survival rate and soil even under the barren soil condition.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cherry big seedling transplanting and planting method, which comprises the following steps:
1) in 7-8 months of the solar calendar, mixing garden soil and animal manure according to the following ratio (5-9): (1-5) mixing in a volume ratio to obtain a mixture;
2) mixing the mixture obtained in the step 1) with an EM microbial inoculum according to the ratio of 1000: (1-4), and sealing and fermenting for 2-4 months to obtain a first substrate;
3) mixing the first substrate obtained in the step 2) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 1000: (3-8): (1-5) mixing to obtain a second matrix;
4) applying 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in 10-12 months in the year, and deep ploughing and harrowing to obtain a plantation; carrying out grass growing cultivation in the plantation;
5) placing a root control seedling raising container in the plantation in the step 4), adding a second substrate with the volume of 40-60% of that of the root control seedling raising container, transplanting the cherry trees into the second substrate in the root control seedling raising container, pouring root fixing water after lifting and treading seedlings, and adding the second substrate into the root control seedling raising container until the root control seedling raising container is full; the cherry trees are 3-4 years old;
6) and 5) removing the root control seedling raising container and opening a drainage ditch after the transplanting for two years.
Preferably, step 2) further comprises sterilizing the mixed material before mixing.
Preferably, the disinfectant includes potassium permanganate.
Preferably, the potassium permanganate is used in the form of a potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate aqueous solution is 0.1-2%.
Preferably, the sealed fermentation process of step 2) comprises: and mixing the EM microbial inoculum and the mixture, stacking into a trapezoid, covering a film, and performing sealed fermentation, wherein the material is turned once every half month during the sealed fermentation period.
Preferably, the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 25-40 ℃.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step 4) comprises an organic fertilizer obtained by mixing agricultural wastes and rotten animal manure according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the agricultural waste comprises one or a mixture of more of mushroom residues, straws and branches.
Preferably, the seeding rate of the seeds cultivated by the grass growing in the step 4) is 1-4 kg/mu.
Preferably, the width of the drainage ditch in the step 6) is 40-80 cm, and the depth is 15-50 cm.
The invention provides a transplanting planting method of cherry big seedlings, which is characterized in that container root-limiting planting is carried out by improving a matrix, so that early-stage production investment is reduced, rich water is easy to control, and weight and drug reduction effects are obvious. The method has the advantages that grass is grown in the plantation, soil is loosened while the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the effect of soil improvement is achieved, and due to the fact that the improvement matrix is prepared in the root control seedling raising container, even if the soil of the plantation is poor in nutrition and the organic matter content is lower than 1%, the transplanting survival rate of the big seedlings can be enabled to be more than 98%.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cherry big seedling transplanting and planting method, which comprises the following steps:
1) in 7-8 months of the solar calendar, mixing garden soil and animal manure according to the following ratio (5-9): (1-5) mixing in a volume ratio to obtain a mixture;
2) mixing the mixture obtained in the step 1) with an EM microbial inoculum according to the ratio of 1000: (1-4), and sealing and fermenting for 2-4 months to obtain a first substrate;
3) mixing the first substrate obtained in the step 2) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 1000: (3-8): (1-5) mixing to obtain a second matrix;
4) applying 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in 10-12 months in the year, and deep ploughing and harrowing to obtain a plantation; carrying out grass growing cultivation in the plantation;
5) placing a root control seedling raising container in the plantation in the step 4), adding a second substrate with the volume of 40-60% of that of the root control seedling raising container, transplanting the cherry trees into the second substrate in the root control seedling raising container, pouring root fixing water after lifting and treading seedlings, and adding the second substrate into the root control seedling raising container until the root control seedling raising container is full; the cherry trees are 3-4 years old;
6) and 5) removing the root control seedling raising container and opening a drainage ditch after the transplanting for two years.
Before transplanting and planting cherry big seedlings, the invention prepares a matrix for transplanting, and specifically comprises the following steps: in 7-8 months, mixing garden soil and animal manure according to the following ratio (5-9): (1-5) mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio to obtain a mixture. The volume ratio of the garden soil to the animal manure is preferably (6-8): (2-4), more preferably 7: 3. The present invention is not particularly limited in the source and nutrient components of the garden soil, and preferably includes garden soil containing organic matter, and the content of the organic matter is preferably 2% or more. The source and type of the manure are not particularly limited in the present invention, and conventional manure available in the art may be used.
After a mixture is obtained, the mixture and the EM microbial inoculum are mixed according to the ratio of 1000: (1-4) and sealing and fermenting for 2-4 months to obtain a first substrate. According to the invention, the mixture is preferably disinfected before the mixing, and the disinfectant for disinfection is preferably potassium permanganate. The potassium permanganate is preferably a potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate in the potassium permanganate aqueous solution is preferably 0.1-2%, more preferably 0.5-1.5%, and most preferably 1%. The sterilization mode of the invention is plastic film sealing coverage, and the sterilization time of the invention is preferably 5 days. The potassium permanganate can play the roles of sterilization and disinfection.
The mixture and the EM microbial inoculum are mixed according to the ratio of 1000: (1-4) and sealing and fermenting for 2-4 months to obtain a first substrate. The weight ratio of the mixture to the EM microbial inoculum is preferably 1000: (2-4), more preferably 1000: 3. after the mixture is mixed with the EM microbial inoculum, the mixture is preferably stacked, the stack is preferably stacked into a trapezoid, the upper side width of the trapezoid is preferably 60-80 cm, more preferably 65-75 cm, and most preferably 70 cm. The lower side width of the trapezoid is preferably 80-100 cm, more preferably 85-90 cm, and most preferably 90 cm. The height of the trapezoid is preferably 20-35 cm, more preferably 25-35 cm, and most preferably 30cm, and the length of the trapezoid is not particularly limited and can be determined according to the terrain. According to the invention, after the accumulation is finished, sealed fermentation is carried out, and the sealed fermentation is preferably carried out after covering by using a plastic film. The temperature of the sealed fermentation is preferably 25-40 ℃, more preferably 28-33 ℃, and most preferably 30 ℃. The time for sealed fermentation is preferably 2.5-3.5 months, and more preferably 3 months. The present invention is preferably turned once every half month during the sealed fermentation to allow for adequate fermentation. After the first substrate is obtained, the first substrate, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of 1000: (3-8): (1-5) to obtain a second matrix. The weight ratio of the first substrate, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer is preferably 1000: (4-7): (1.5 to 3), more preferably 1000: (4.5-6): (1.8-2.2), and most preferably 1000:5: 2. The source and the variety of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer are not particularly limited, the conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the conventional calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in the field can be utilized, and the preferable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15: 15.
The method comprises the steps of applying 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer to each mu of the seedling in the current year from 10 months to 12 months (before seedling transplantation), and obtaining the plantation after deep ploughing and raking. The time for applying the organic fertilizer is preferably from 10 to 11 ten days, and more preferably before the seedling is planted. The organic fertilizer preferably comprises an organic fertilizer obtained by mixing agricultural wastes and rotten animal manure according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the agricultural wastes preferably comprise one or more of mushroom residues, straws and branches. Before mixing, the agricultural waste preferably comprises a crushing process, and the particle size of the crushed agricultural waste is preferably 5-10 mm. The apparatus used for the pulverization is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional pulverization machine in the art may be used. The process and conditions for decomposing the manure are not particularly limited, and the manure can be decomposed by using the conventional method in the field. After the agricultural waste and the decomposed manure are mixed, the invention preferably also comprises a disinfection process, and the disinfectant for disinfection preferably comprises potassium permanganate. The potassium permanganate is preferably a potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate in the potassium permanganate aqueous solution is preferably 0.1-2%, more preferably 0.8-1.5, and most preferably 1%. The dosage of the potassium permanganate aqueous solution is not specially limited, and the organic fertilizer is soaked by the potassium permanganate aqueous solution preferably. The invention has no special limitation on the machinery and standard of deep ploughing and harrowing, and can be realized by utilizing the conventional machinery and standard in the field. The plantation is used for growing grass, and leguminous plants are preferably planted in the grass. The leguminous plants preferably comprise clovers and hairy vetch, and the sowing amount of the seeds of the leguminous plants is preferably 1-4 kg/mu, more preferably 2-3 kg/mu, and most preferably 2.5 kg/mu. The leguminous plants are preferably mown when the leguminous plants grow to 20-30 cm, and tree discs are covered by mown matters; in the flowering period, leguminous plants are directly turned into the soil and rotten to be used as fertilizer. The grass growing cultivation method can improve soil, particularly the roots of the planted leguminous plants have a large number of rhizobia to play a role in nitrogen fixation, and branches and leaves of the leguminous plants accumulate and rot year by year, so that the soil fertility can be effectively improved.
After a plantation is obtained, placing a root control seedling raising container into the plantation, adding a second matrix accounting for 40-60% of the volume fraction of the root control seedling raising container, transplanting cherry trees into the second matrix in the root control seedling raising container, pouring root fixing water after lifting and treading, and adding the second matrix into the root control seedling raising container until the root control seedling raising container is full. The source of the root-controlling seedling-raising container is not particularly limited in the present invention, and is preferably derived from conventional commercial products. The diameter of the root-control seedling-raising container is preferably 80-130 cm, more preferably 90-120 cm, and most preferably 100cm, and the selected root-control seedling-raising container consists of a side wall and an inserted rod. The density of the root-control seedling raising container is not particularly limited, the row spacing of the conventional cherry big seedlings in the field is utilized, and the preferred row spacing is (2-3) m multiplied by 4 m. The present invention places the container for controlling seedlings preferably directly in the plantation. The root-control seedling-raising container can play the roles of controlling roots and promoting growth, does not need to dig planting holes, and cannot cause damage to seedling root systems in the container when the soil is turned over. The volume fraction of the first addition of the second matrix is preferably 45-58%, more preferably 48-55%, and most preferably 50%. When the second substrate is added for the second time, the tree body is preferably lifted lightly and is fully contacted with the soil through a foot treading process.
The cherry trees are preferably 3-4 years old, the cherry trees are preferably dug after leaves fall in autumn, and the root systems are trimmed. After the root fixing water is fully poured, the invention preferably further comprises the process of continuously covering the substrate, so that the second substrate is used for filling the root control seedling raising container again.
After the transplanting, drip irrigation watering, nutrient supplement and pest and disease damage management are preferably included, and the nutrient supplement and pest and disease damage management method and standard are not particularly limited and can be realized by using a conventional method in the field.
After the seedling raising container is transplanted for two years, the root control seedling raising container is removed, and a drainage ditch is opened. The drainage ditch is preferably arranged between rows of transplanted cherry seedlings, and the width of the drainage ditch is preferably 40-80 cm, more preferably 50-70 cm, and most preferably 60 cm. The depth of the drainage ditch is preferably 15-50 cm, more preferably 20-40 cm, and most preferably 35 cm. The soil of the drainage ditch covers the periphery of the tree disc for tree trunk ridging, so that the fixed planting bed is in a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom.
The cherry big seedling transplanting planting method provided by the invention is explained in detail with reference to the following examples, but the method is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In 7 months, garden soil with 2.46% of organic matter content is selected, animal manure is added, the garden soil and the animal manure are mixed according to the volume ratio of 7:3 to prepare a matrix mixture, 1% by mass of potassium permanganate solution is used for carrying out comprehensive spraying disinfection, then 2kg of EM composite microbial bacteria are added into every 1000kg of the matrix mixture, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed, then a trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom is formed in a piling mode, the width of the upper side of the trapezoid is 60cm, the width of the lower side of the trapezoid is 80cm, the height of the trapezoid is 25cm, the length of the trapezoid depends on the terrain, then the trapezoid is covered and sealed by a plastic film for. After the substrate is completely decomposed, 5kg of compound fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15 and 2kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer are respectively added into each 1000kg of substrate, and the mixture is uniformly stirred for later use.
In autumn and winter, before soil is filled in a container for field planting, mushroom residues, straws, branches and the like are crushed into 5mm crushed residues by a small crusher, then rotten animal manure is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred according to the mass ratio of 1:1, potassium permanganate solution with the mass ratio of 1% is sprayed and disinfected, the mixture is uniformly spread to a plantation according to the dosage of 1500kg per mu, and then the plantation is filled and deeply ploughed and harrowed for later use.
In autumn and winter, directly placing root-controlling seedling-raising container (diameter 80cm) on the leveled cherry garden according to plant-row spacing of 2m × 4m, and filling half of the decomposed substrate. After the cherry leaves fall, 50 cherry trees growing for 3 years are dug, the tree roots are trimmed, the cherry trees are placed into the root control seedling raising container, the medium is continuously added, the tree body is lightly lifted, and the cherry trees are trampled by feet, so that the root system of the tree body is fully contacted with the soil. After planting, watering enough root fixing water, and continuously covering soil. And then, drip irrigation and watering are adopted, fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition of the tree body, and pest control is carried out.
During cherry container planting, sowing 2.5kg of clovers of Leguminosae at a sowing amount per mu except the planting container, mowing when the clovers grow to 30cm, and covering tree discs with mowed substances; in the flowering period, leguminous plants are directly turned into the soil and rotten to be used as fertilizer.
After the cherry container is planted for two years, the root-controlling seedling-raising container is removed, a drainage ditch is opened, the width of the drainage ditch is 60cm, the depth of the drainage ditch is 30cm, the soil of the drainage ditch covers the periphery of a tree disc for tree trunk ridging, and the planting ridge is shaped like a wedge with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The survival rate of 50 plants is counted to be 100 percent.
And (3) comparison: by using a conventional method, 50 cherry trees of 3 years old are directly transplanted after land leveling, the rest operations are the same as those in the example 1, 35 cherry trees survive after 2 years, and the survival rate is 70%.
Example 2
In 8 months, garden soil with 2% of organic matter content is selected, stable manure is added, the garden soil and the stable manure are mixed according to the volume ratio of 7:3 to prepare a matrix mixture, potassium permanganate solution with the mass ratio of 1% is used for carrying out comprehensive spraying disinfection, then 4kg of EM composite microbial bacteria are added into every 1000kg of the matrix mixture, the mixture is fully mixed, and then a trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom is formed in a piling mode, the width of the upper side of the trapezoid is 80cm, the width of the lower side of the trapezoid is 100cm, the height of the trapezoid is 30cm, the length of the trapezoid depends on the terrain, the trapezoid is covered and sealed by a plastic film for. After the substrate is completely decomposed, 5kg of compound fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15 and 2kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer are respectively added into each 1000kg of substrate, and the mixture is uniformly stirred for later use.
In autumn and winter, before soil is filled in a container for field planting, mushroom residues, straws, branches and the like are crushed into 10mm crushed residues by a small crusher, then rotten animal manure is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred according to the mass ratio of 1:1, a potassium permanganate solution with the mass ratio of 1% is used for spraying and disinfection, the mixture is uniformly spread to a plantation according to the dosage of 2500kg per mu, and then the plantation is filled with soil and harrowed for later use;
in autumn and winter, directly placing root-controlling seedling-raising container (diameter 1.2m) on the leveled cherry garden according to plant-row spacing of 3m × 4m, and filling half of the decomposed substrate. After the cherry leaves fall, 50 cherry trees of 4 years are dug, the tree roots are trimmed, the cherry trees are placed into the root control seedling raising container, the medium is continuously added, the tree body is lightly lifted, and the cherry trees are trampled by feet, so that the root system of the tree body is fully contacted with the soil. After planting, watering enough root fixing water, and continuously covering soil. And then, drip irrigation and watering are adopted, fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition of the tree body, and pest control is carried out.
During cherry container planting, sowing the vetch of leguminous family outside the planting container, mowing when the vetch grows to 20cm, and covering tree discs with mowed substances; in the flowering period, leguminous plants are directly turned into the soil and rotten to be used as fertilizer.
After the cherry container is planted for two years, the root-controlling seedling-raising container is removed, a drainage ditch is opened, the width of the drainage ditch is 60cm, the depth of the drainage ditch is 30cm, the soil of the drainage ditch covers the periphery of a tree disc for tree trunk ridging, and the planting ridge is shaped like a wedge with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The survival rate of 49 cherry trees is counted to be 98 percent.
And (3) comparison:
by using a conventional method, 50 cherry trees of 4 years old are directly transplanted after land leveling, the rest operations are the same as those in the example 2, 33 cherry trees survive after 2 years, and the survival rate is 66%.
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, the survival rate of transplanting cherry big seedlings by the method of the invention is more than 98%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A transplanting planting method for cherry big seedlings comprises the following steps:
1) in 7-8 months of the solar calendar, mixing garden soil and animal manure according to the following ratio (5-9): (1-5) mixing in a volume ratio to obtain a mixture;
2) mixing the mixture obtained in the step 1) with an EM microbial inoculum according to the ratio of 1000: (1-4), and sealing and fermenting for 2-4 months to obtain a first substrate;
3) mixing the first substrate obtained in the step 2) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 1000: (3-8): (1-5) mixing to obtain a second matrix;
4) applying 1500-2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in 10-12 months in the year, and deep ploughing and harrowing to obtain a plantation; carrying out grass growing cultivation in the plantation;
5) placing a root control seedling raising container in the plantation in the step 4), adding a second substrate with the volume of 40-60% of that of the root control seedling raising container, transplanting the cherry trees into the second substrate in the root control seedling raising container, pouring root fixing water after lifting and treading seedlings, and adding the second substrate into the root control seedling raising container until the root control seedling raising container is full; the cherry trees are 3-4 years old;
the root control seedling raising container is directly placed in the plantation without digging a planting hole;
6) step 5), removing the root control seedling raising container and opening a drainage ditch after the transplanting for two years;
the width of the drainage ditch is 40-80 cm, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 15-50 cm;
and covering the soil of the drainage ditch around the tree disc to perform tree trunk ridging so that the fixed planting bed is in a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom.
2. The transplant planting method of claim 1 further comprising sterilizing the mixture prior to said mixing of step 2).
3. The transplant planting method of claim 2, wherein the disinfectant comprises potassium permanganate.
4. The transplanting planting method of claim 3, wherein the potassium permanganate is used in the form of an aqueous potassium permanganate solution, and the mass concentration of the aqueous potassium permanganate solution is 0.1-2%.
5. The transplanting planting method of claim 1, wherein the sealed fermentation process of step 2) comprises: and mixing the EM microbial inoculum and the mixture, stacking into a trapezoid, covering a film, and performing sealed fermentation, wherein the material is turned once every half month during the sealed fermentation period.
6. The transplanting planting method of claim 5, wherein the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 25-40 ℃.
7. A transplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer of step 4) comprises an organic fertilizer obtained by mixing agricultural waste and rotten animal manure in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
8. The transplanting planting method of claim 7, wherein the agricultural waste comprises one or a mixture of mushroom dregs, straw and branches.
9. The transplanting planting method of claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of the seeds for the grass growing cultivation in step 4) is 1-4 kg/mu.
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