CN108812016A - A kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings - Google Patents

A kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108812016A
CN108812016A CN201810564384.8A CN201810564384A CN108812016A CN 108812016 A CN108812016 A CN 108812016A CN 201810564384 A CN201810564384 A CN 201810564384A CN 108812016 A CN108812016 A CN 108812016A
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transplanting
implantation methods
matrix
cherry
methods according
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CN108812016B (en
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刘珠琴
周超超
赵秀花
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Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings, and in particular to the transplanting planting technology field of fruit tree.The method of the invention includes the following steps:It is managed after the preparation of transplanting medium, the preparation in plantation, transplanting and transplanting.The transplanting survival rate of cherry seedlings can be improved in the method for the invention, reduce production investment early period, rich water is easy to control, it is obvious to subtract drug effect fruit, it can also chesson while improving organic matter content in soil, achieve the effect that soil improvement, even if plantation soil nutrient is barren, the transplanting survival rate of seedlings can also be made 98% or more.

Description

A kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings.
Background technique
Prunus rosaceae Lee's subfamily cherry platymiscium, fruit appearance is bright in colour, rich in sugar, protein, vitamin and The multiple elements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium and it is standby welcomed by the people.It has often been said that the nice tree of a proverb cherry it is difficult plant, can also be anti- Mirror the difficulty in cherry tree cultivation.The characteristic that cherry tree has light, happiness warm, hygrophilous, fertilizer favorite, therefore, in the construction of field As far as possible select fertile soil, soil layer is deep, level of ground water is low, has water to pour condition, well-drained knob.If barren The ecological region plantings cherry such as mountainous region, the high paddy field of level of ground water, need to carry out soil improvement, and soil improvement is one very long Process, need for many years constantly improved, could slowly restore its fertility;Full garden can also be carried out using soil removal and replacement mode to change It is good, but this method cost is larger, and orchard worker is difficult to bear economic pressures for the moment.
Therefore, the cherry transplanting survival rate for how improving poor soil ground becomes a current technology urgently to be resolved Problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings, even barren Under edaphic condition, cherry transplanting big tree survival rate can be also improved, moreover it is possible to improve soil.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings, include the following steps:
1) 7~August of solar calendar part, by garden mould and barnyard manure according to (5~9):The volume ratio of (1~5) mixes, and obtains mixture;
2) mixture and EM bacteria agent obtained step 1) is according to 1000:The weight ratio of (1~4) mixes, sealing hair Ferment 2~4 months, obtain the first matrix;
3) first matrix for obtaining step 2) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate are according to 1000:(3~8):(1 ~5) weight ratio mixing, obtains the second matrix;
4) 1500~2500kg organic fertilizer is applied per acre and obtains plantation after deep ploughing is raked October current year to December;Described kind Plant garden carries out Sod culture;
5) control root container for plant growth is placed into plantation described in step 4), add the control root container for plant growth volume 40~ 60% the second matrix, then cherry tree is transplanted into the second matrix in control root container for plant growth, after proposing seedling having peace of mind, pours and determine root Water adds the second matrix to completely in control root container for plant growth;The cherry tree is 3~4 years raw cherry trees;
6) after the step 5) transplanting 2 years, the control root container for plant growth is removed, begin to rehearse ditch.
It preferably, further include sterilizing the mixture before the step 2) mixing.
Preferably, the disinfection disinfectant includes potassium permanganate.
Preferably, the potassium permanganate is used in the form of potassium permanganate solution, the matter of the potassium permanganate solution Measuring concentration is 0.1~2%.
Preferably, step 2) the sealing and fermenting process includes:After EM bacteria agent is mixed with mixture, be piled into it is trapezoidal, Overlay film is sealed fermentation, and per two weeks stirring is primary during the sealing and fermenting.
Preferably, the temperature of the sealing and fermenting is 25~40 DEG C.
Preferably, the step 4) organic fertilizer includes agricultural wastes and decomposed barnyard manure according to 1:1 mass ratio mixing Obtained organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the agricultural wastes include one or more of mixing of mushroom slag, stalk and branch.
Preferably, the seed application rate of the step 4) Sod culture is 1~4kg/ mus.
Preferably, 40~80cm of step 6) the draining furrow width, deep 15~50cm.
The present invention provides a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings, carry out container by improvement matrix and limit root plantation, Production investment early period is reduced, rich water is easy to control, and it is obvious to subtract drug effect fruit.The sward in plantation improves soil organic matter While content can also chesson, achieve the effect that soil improvement, due to be control root container for plant growth in allotment improvement matrix, Even if the soil nutrient in plantation is barren, the content of organic matter is lower than 1%, and the transplanting survival rate of seedlings can also be made 98% or more.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings, include the following steps:
1) 7~August of solar calendar part, by garden mould and barnyard manure according to (5~9):The volume ratio of (1~5) mixes, and obtains mixture;
2) mixture and EM bacteria agent obtained step 1) is according to 1000:The weight ratio of (1~4) mixes, sealing hair Ferment 2~4 months, obtain the first matrix;
3) first matrix for obtaining step 2) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate are according to 1000:(3~8):(1 ~5) weight ratio mixing, obtains the second matrix;
4) 1500~2500kg organic fertilizer is applied per acre and obtains plantation after deep ploughing is raked October current year to December;Described kind Plant garden carries out Sod culture;
5) control root container for plant growth is placed into plantation described in step 4), addition control root container for plant growth volume 40~60% Second matrix, then cherry tree is transplanted into the second matrix in control root container for plant growth, after proposing seedling having peace of mind, root water is poured, is being controlled The second matrix is added in root container for plant growth to completely;The cherry tree is 3~4 years raw cherry trees;
6) after the step 5) transplanting 2 years, the control root container for plant growth is removed, begin to rehearse ditch.
The present invention prepares transplanting matrix, specifically includes before carrying out the transplanting plantation of cherry seedlings:The garden 7~8Yue Fenjiang Soil and barnyard manure are according to (5~9):The volume ratio of (1~5) mixes, and obtains mixture.The volume ratio of garden mould and barnyard manure of the present invention is excellent Choosing is (6~8):(2~4), more preferably 7:3.There is no special limits to the source of the garden mould and nutritional ingredient by the present invention It is fixed, it preferably include the garden mould containing organic matter, the content of the organic matter is preferably 2% or more.The present invention is to the barnyard manure Source and type there are not particular determination, utilize routine barnyard manure obtained by this field.
After obtaining mixture, the present invention is by the mixture and EM bacteria agent according to 1000:The weight ratio of (1~4) mixes, close Seal ferment 2~4 months, obtain the first matrix.The present invention preferably sterilizes the mixture before the mixing, and the disinfection is used The preferred potassium permanganate of disinfectant.Potassium permanganate of the present invention is preferably potassium permanganate solution, the potassium permanganate solution The mass concentration of middle potassium permanganate is preferably 0.1~2%, and more preferably 0.5~1.5%, most preferably 1%.It is of the present invention The mode of disinfection is plastic film sealing covering, and the time of disinfection of the present invention is preferably 5 days.Permanganic acid of the present invention Potassium can play the effect of sterilization, disinfection.
The present invention is by the mixture and EM bacteria agent according to 1000:The weight ratio of (1~4) mixes, and is sealed by fermentation 2~4 Month, obtain the first matrix.The weight ratio of mixture of the present invention and EM bacteria agent is preferably 1000:(2~4), more preferably 1000:3.It after the completion of the present invention mixes the mixture with EM bacteria agent, is preferably accumulated, the accumulation is preferably piled into Trapezoidal, the trapezoidal upper hem width is preferably 60~80cm, more preferably 65~75cm, most preferably 70cm.It is of the present invention Trapezoidal lower hem width is preferably 80~100cm, more preferably 85~90cm, most preferably 90cm.Trapezoidal height of the present invention Degree is preferably 20~35cm, more preferably 25~35cm, most preferably 30cm, and there is no special to the trapezoidal length by the present invention It is different to limit, it can be determined according to landform.The present invention is sealed fermentation, described be sealed by fermentation is preferably benefit after the completion of accumulation Covering post-fermentation is carried out with plastic film.The temperature of sealing and fermenting of the present invention is preferably 25~40 DEG C, more preferably 28~ 33 DEG C, most preferably 30 DEG C.The time of sealing and fermenting of the present invention is preferably 2.5~3.5 months, more preferably 3 months.This During the sealing and fermenting, preferred per two weeks is turned over once for invention, so that sufficiently fermentation.After obtaining the first matrix, this Invention is by first matrix and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate according to 1000:(3~8):The weight ratio of (1~5) mixes, Obtain the second matrix.The weight ratio of first matrix of the present invention, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate is preferably 1000:(4~ 7):(1.5~3), more preferably 1000:(4.5~6):(1.8~2.2), most preferably 1000:5:2.The present invention is to the nitrogen The source and kind of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate there is no particular determination, using this field conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and Calcium magnesium phosphate, it is 15 that the preferred nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, which is N P and K ratio,:15:15 compound fertilizer.
The present invention applies 1500~2500kg organic fertilizer at October current year to December (before Nursery stock transplanting) per acre, and deep ploughing is raked Afterwards, plantation is obtained.The time of organic fertilizer of the present invention is preferably late October to late November, more preferably before seedling planting. Organic fertilizer of the present invention preferably includes agricultural wastes and decomposed barnyard manure according to 1:1 mass ratio is mixed to get organic Fertilizer, the agricultural wastes preferably include the one or more of mushroom slag, stalk and branch.Agricultural wastes of the present invention exist Before mixing, preferred includes the process crushed, and the partial size of the crushing is preferably 5~10mm.The present invention uses the crushing Instrument there is no particular determinations, utilize the conventional grinder tool of this field.Decomposed mistake of the present invention to the barnyard manure There is no particular determinations for journey and condition, decomposed using the conventional method of this field.The present invention is by agricultural wastes and decomposed It preferably further include disinfecting process, the disinfection preferably includes potassium permanganate with disinfectant after barnyard manure mixing.Height of the present invention Potassium manganate is preferably potassium permanganate solution, in the potassium permanganate solution mass concentration of potassium permanganate be preferably 0.1~ 2%, more preferably 0.8~1.5, most preferably 1%.The dosage of potassium permanganate solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, Preferably organic fertilizer is soaked with potassium permanganate solution.The present invention is to the machinery raked of deep ploughing and standard without special limit It is fixed, utilize the conventional mechanical and standard of this field.Plantation of the present invention carries out Sod culture, and the sward is preferred Plant leguminous plant.Leguminous plant of the present invention preferably includes clover and villose vetch, the seed of the leguminous plant Application rate is preferably 1~4kg/ mus, more preferably 2~3kg/ mus, most preferably 2.5kg/ mus.Leguminous plant of the present invention is excellent It is selected as it and grows to 20~30cm being cradled, cradle object and carry out tree disk covering;Florescence directly ploughs under leguminous plant in soil, makes It rots to make fertilizer.Sod culture of the present invention can improve soil, and the leguminous plant especially planted, root is with a large amount of root Tumor bacterium, plays nitrogen fixation, rots in addition, the branches and leaves of leguminous plant accumulate year by year, can effectively improve soil fertility.
After obtaining plantation, the present invention places control root container for plant growth into the plantation, adds the control root container for plant growth Second matrix of 40~60% volume fractions, then cherry tree is transplanted into the second matrix in control root container for plant growth, it mentions seedling and steps on After reality, root water is poured, the second matrix is added in control root container for plant growth to completely.Source of the present invention to the control root container for plant growth It is not particularly limited, preferably derives from conventional commercial product.The diameter of control root container for plant growth of the present invention is preferably 80~ 130cm, more preferably 90~120cm, most preferably 100cm, institute's selected control root container for plant growth are made of side wall and inserted link.The present invention The density of the control root container for plant growth is not particularly limited, using the conventional cherry seedlings seeding row spacing of this field, preferably For (2~3) m × 4m.The control offspring container is preferably placed directly in the plantation by the present invention.Control root of the invention is educated Seedling container can play the effect of control root, growth promoting, and not have to dig kind of a plant hole, and seedling root in container will not be caused by ploughing Injury.The volume fraction of second matrix of the present invention addition for the first time is preferably 45~58%, and more preferably 48~55%, most Preferably 50%.When second matrix of the present invention is added for the second time, preferred includes gently proposing tree body, and the mistake treaded with foot Journey comes into full contact with tree body root system with soil.
Cherry tree of the present invention is preferably 3~4 years raw cherry trees, and the cherry tree digs after preferably falling leaves in the fall It takes, and trims root system, there is no particular determinations for pruning method of the present invention to the root system, utilize the conventional trimming side of this field Method.The present invention it is described be watered with root water after, preferably further include continue cover matrix process, make the second matrix again Fill up the control root container for plant growth.
The present invention is after the transplanting, and it is also preferable to include trickle irrigation watering, supplement nutrient and pest managements, and the present invention is to institute Stating supplement nutrient and the method and standard of pest management, there is no particular determinations, utilize the conventional method of this field.
The present invention removes the control root container for plant growth, begin to rehearse ditch after transplanting 2 years.The position in gutter of the present invention It sets and is preferably provided at transplanting cherry seedling in the ranks, wide preferably 40~80cm, the more preferably 50~70cm in the gutter, most Preferably 60cm.The depth in gutter of the present invention is preferably 15~50cm, more preferably 20~40cm, most preferably 35cm. Around the native overlay tree disk in the ditch of the present invention that begins to rehearse carry out trunk ridging, make be colonized furrow at up-narrow and down-wide ?shape.
Cherry tree transplanted implantation methods provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but not They can be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In July, the garden mould of the content of organic matter 2.46% is selected, barnyard manure is added, the two is according to volume ratio 7:3 ratio is mixed Conjunction is prepared into substrate mixture, is that 1% liquor potassic permanganate carries out comprehensive spray disinfectant with mass ratio, then every 1000kg matrix Mixture adds 2kg EM composite microbial bacteria, after mixing well, then is piled into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal, trapezoidal upper hem width 60cm, Lower hem width is 80cm, height 25cm, depending on length is with landform, then covers sealing 3 months with plastic film, during which per two weeks It turns over primary.After completely decomposed, it is 15 that N P and K ratio is separately added into every 1000kg matrix:15:15 compound fertilizer 5kg, calcium Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 2kg, it is stand-by after mixing thoroughly.
In autumn and winter, before container dress soil field planting, mushroom slag, stalk, branch etc. are ground into 5mm with micromill After disintegrating slag, decomposed barnyard manure, in mass ratio 1 is added:After 1 stirs and evenly mixs, sprayed with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass ratio is 1% After applying disinfection, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields by 1500kg dosage per acre to plantation, then gardenful deep ploughs and rakes, for use.
Autumn and winter, will control root container for plant growth (diameter 80cm) according to seeding row spacing be 2m × 4m be directly put in it is smooth good Cherry field is packed into the matrix of the above-mentioned decomposed mistake of half.After cherry fallen leaves, take 50 triennial cherry trees, modifies tree root, put Enter in above-mentioned control root container for plant growth, continuously add above-mentioned matrix, gently proposes tree body, and treaded with foot, fill tree body root system with soil Tap touching.After plantation is good, it is watered with root water, continues earthing.Later, it is watered using trickle irrigation, fertilizer is applied according to Growth status situation Material, and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
During the plantation of cherry container, it is colonized clover of the container with outer portion by sowing pulse family, per acre application rate 2.5kg grows to 30cm to it and is cradled, and cradles object and carries out tree disk covering;Florescence directly ploughs under leguminous plant in soil, makes It rots to make fertilizer.
After cherry container is planted 2 years, removal control root container for plant growth, begin to rehearse ditch, drains furrow width 60cm, depth 30cm, will Around the native overlay tree disk in gutter carry out trunk ridging, make be colonized furrow at up-narrow and down-wide ?shape.Statistics survives for 50 totally, at Motility rate is 100%.
Comparison:Using conventional method, after prepartion of land, the transplanting of 50 triennial cherry trees is directly carried out, remaining operation It is identical in embodiment 1, counted after 2 years totally 35 survive, survival rate 70%.
Embodiment 2
In August part, the garden mould of the content of organic matter 2% is selected, barnyard manure is added, the two is according to volume ratio 7:3 ratio mixing It is prepared into substrate mixture, is that 1% liquor potassic permanganate carries out comprehensive spray disinfectant with mass ratio, then every 1000kg matrix is mixed It closes object and adds 4kg EM composite microbial bacteria, after mixing well, then be piled into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal, trapezoidal upper hem width 80cm, under Hem width is 100cm, is highly 30cm, depending on length is with landform, then with plastic film covering sealing 3 months, during which every half The moon turns over primary.After completely decomposed, it is 15 that N P and K ratio is separately added into every 1000kg matrix:15:15 compound fertilizer 5kg, Calcium magnesium phosphate 2kg, it is stand-by after mixing thoroughly.
In autumn and winter, before container dress soil field planting, mushroom slag, stalk, branch etc. are ground into micromill After 10mm disintegrating slag, decomposed barnyard manure, in mass ratio 1 is added:After 1 stirs and evenly mixs, with mass ratio be 1% liquor potassic permanganate into Row sprays disinfection, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields by 2500kg dosage per acre to plantation, then gardenful deep ploughs and rakes, for use;
Autumn and winter, will control root container for plant growth (diameter 1.2m) according to seeding row spacing be 3m × 4m be directly put in it is smooth good Cherry field is packed into the matrix of the above-mentioned decomposed mistake of half.After cherry fallen leaves, take 50 4 years raw cherry trees, modifies tree root, put Enter in above-mentioned control root container for plant growth, continuously add above-mentioned matrix, gently proposes tree body, and treaded with foot, fill tree body root system with soil Tap touching.After plantation is good, it is watered with root water, continues earthing.Later, it is watered using trickle irrigation, fertilizer is applied according to Growth status situation Material, and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
During the plantation of cherry container, it is colonized villose vetch of the container with outer portion by sowing pulse family, is grown to 20cm is cradled, and is cradled object and is carried out tree disk covering;Florescence directly ploughs under leguminous plant in soil, it is made to rot to make fertilizer.
After cherry container is planted 2 years, removal control root container for plant growth, begin to rehearse ditch, drains furrow width 60cm, depth 30cm, will Around the native overlay tree disk in gutter carry out trunk ridging, make be colonized furrow at up-narrow and down-wide ?shape.Count totally 49 cherry trees It survives, survival rate 98%.
Comparison:
Using conventional method, after prepartion of land, directly carry out 50 4 years raw cherry trees transplanting, remaining operate in Embodiment 2 is identical, counted after 2 years totally 33 survive, survival rate 66%.
By above-described embodiment and comparative example it is found that carrying out the transplanting of cherry seedlings, survival rate using method of the invention Up to 98% or more.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings, include the following steps:
1) 7~August of solar calendar part, by garden mould and barnyard manure according to (5~9):The volume ratio of (1~5) mixes, and obtains mixture;
2) mixture and EM bacteria agent obtained step 1) is according to 1000:The weight ratio of (1~4) mixes, and sealing and fermenting 2~ 4 months, obtain the first matrix;
3) first matrix for obtaining step 2) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate are according to 1000:(3~8):(1~5) Weight ratio mixing, obtain the second matrix;
4) 1500~2500kg organic fertilizer is applied per acre and obtains plantation after deep ploughing is raked October current year to December;The plantation Interior carry out Sod culture;
5) control root container for plant growth is placed into plantation described in step 4), adds the control root container for plant growth volume 40~60% Second matrix, then cherry tree is transplanted into the second matrix in control root container for plant growth, after proposing seedling having peace of mind, root water is poured, is being controlled The second matrix is added in root container for plant growth to completely;The cherry tree is 3~4 years raw cherry trees;
6) after the step 5) transplanting 2 years, the control root container for plant growth is removed, begin to rehearse ditch.
2. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further including before the step 2) mixing will be described Mixture disinfection.
3. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the disinfection disinfectant includes permanganic acid Potassium.
4. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the potassium permanganate is with potassium permanganate solution Form use, the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.1~2%.
5. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2) the sealing and fermenting process includes: After EM bacteria agent is mixed with mixture, it is piled into trapezoidal, overlay film is sealed fermentation, and per two weeks is turned over during the sealing and fermenting Material is primary.
6. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the temperature of the sealing and fermenting is 25~40 ℃。
7. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4) organic fertilizer includes agriculture waste Object and decomposed barnyard manure are according to 1:The organic fertilizer that 1 mass ratio is mixed to get.
8. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the agricultural wastes include mushroom slag, straw One or more of mixing of stalk and branch.
9. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seed of the step 4) Sod culture is sowed Amount is 1~4kg/ mus.
10. transplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that 40~80cm of step 6) the draining furrow width, Deep 15~50cm.
CN201810564384.8A 2018-06-04 2018-06-04 Transplanting planting method for cherry big seedlings Active CN108812016B (en)

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CN110604001A (en) * 2019-10-22 2019-12-24 大理市人间仙境农业开发有限公司 Chinese cherry planting method capable of limiting root system
CN110604001B (en) * 2019-10-22 2022-01-18 大理市人间仙境农业开发有限公司 Chinese cherry planting method capable of limiting root system

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