CN109328843A - A kind of cherry implantation methods being conducive to intermediate cutting - Google Patents
A kind of cherry implantation methods being conducive to intermediate cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328843A CN109328843A CN201811479910.7A CN201811479910A CN109328843A CN 109328843 A CN109328843 A CN 109328843A CN 201811479910 A CN201811479910 A CN 201811479910A CN 109328843 A CN109328843 A CN 109328843A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting, is related to fruit tree cultivation technical field.After the method for the invention is the following steps are included: 1) autumn applies base manure in plantation, full garden deep ploughing is raked, and ridging does furrow;2) autumn and winter, the field planting for carrying out permanent tree according to the spacing in the rows of 1.5m~2m on the furrow and temporarily setting, on the furrow, the interim tree field planting the permanent tree and temporarily sets alternate plantation in limit root container for the permanent tree directly field planting;3) it after being colonized 4~6 years, is temporarily set described in intermediate cutting.The present invention will permanently set directly field planting in planting pit, interim tree is colonized using limit root container, and it temporarily sets and permanently sets alternate plantation, when being interfered with each other between tree body, container can be moved at any time, is not limited by the time, due to container integral transplanting, it is smaller on tree body influence, improve interim tree transplanting survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting.
Background technique
In order to realize cherry orchard early high-yield, the cultivation mode of wide row more seedlings ridging is now mostly used, however, with cultivation
The increase of the time limit, the increase of fruit tree tree body have been unfavorable for the growth of tree body and the expansion of tree crown due to dense planting originally,
Often intermediate cutting is carried out when cultivating 5 or six years canopies.
Traditional planting type is directly to plant interim tree according to the cultivation mode permanently set, and arrives canopy
When, the interim tree of retraction, interim tree is directly excavated when permanently tree tree crown is covered with orchard, or reduce plantation using intermediate cutting mode year by year
Density, when intermediate cutting needs lifting, beat mud ball, winter fallen leaves after transplant, it is not only time-consuming, limited by transplanting time, also pair between
Cut down trees tree vigo(u)r, root system is affected, and the transplanting survival rate cut down trees between causing is not high.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods for being conducive to cherry tree intermediate cutting, interim tree with
Different mode of planting is respectively adopted in permanent set, and interim tree is not limited when transplanting by the time, and smaller, raising is influenced on tree body
Interim tree transplanting survival rate.This implantation methods is also applied for other fruit trees such as peach, pears etc..
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting, comprising the following steps: 1) autumn is in plantation
After interior application base manure, full garden deep ploughing is raked, and ridging does furrow;2) autumn and winter, on the furrow according to the spacing in the rows of 1.5m~2m into
The field planting that row is permanently set and temporarily set, on soil, the interim tree is colonized in limit root container for the permanent tree directly field planting,
It is described it is permanent tree with temporarily set alternate plantation;3) after being colonized 4~6 years, intermediate cutting is carried out to the interim tree.
Preferably, the step 1) base manure is decomposed manure, and the applied amount of the base manure is 1500~3000kg/ mus.
Preferably, furrow face bottom width 3m~4.5m of the step 1) furrow, width 2m~3.5m, the high 30cm of furrow in furrow face~
45cm。
It preferably, further include being trimmed, being sterilized to nursery stock root, soaked and libation at an ancient wedding ceremony mud before the step 2) field planting.
Preferably, the disinfection is K84 aqueous solution with thimerosal.
Preferably, the method for step 2) the permanent tree field planting, comprising: in the field planting point permanently set, planting pit is set, to
The coarse organic matter of 20cm~30cm depth, the mixture and cubsoil of surface soil and fertilizer are successively filled in planting pit, by the field planting
The vesicle that depth is more than seedling root depth 10cm is arranged on the planting pit of backfill, is put into nursery stock, backfills fine earth for cave backfill,
Pour root water;A length of 80cm~100cm of the planting pit, width are 80cm~100cm, and depth is 60cm~80cm.
Preferably, the mixture of the surface soil and fertilizer be will per acre plantation be arranged planting pit when, the surface soil of taking-up with
It is formed after 1500kg organic fertilizer and the mixing of 50kg calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, the method for step 2) the interim tree field planting, comprising: place control root nursery in the field planting point temporarily set and hold
Device, the interior matrix for being packed into 2/3 volume of control root container for plant growth, the nursery stock trimmed is put into the control root container for plant growth,
The matrix is continuously added, tree body is gently proposed, and treaded with foot, comes into full contact with tree body root system with soil, be watered with root water, is continued
Matrix is covered to completely.
Preferably, the preparation method of the matrix, comprising: mix garden mould and barnyard manure according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, shape
Resulting mixture;It is carried out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass ratio is 1%, then by the mixture and EM bacteria agent after the disinfection
It mixes, is sealed by fermentation 3 months according to the mass ratio of 500:1;By tunning and N P and K compound and calcium magnesium phosphate according to
The mass ratio of 1000:5:2 mixes, and obtains matrix.
It preferably, further include being managed after being colonized after the step 2) field planting.
The present invention provides a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting, and difference is respectively adopted to permanent tree and interim tree
Field planting method, in planting pit, interim tree is colonized the directly field planting of permanent tree using limit root container, and interim tree with permanently
Alternate plantation is set, when being interfered with each other between tree body, container can be moved at any time, do not limited by the time, due to container entirety
Transplanting, it is smaller on tree body influence, improve interim tree transplanting survival rate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the interim field planting pattern diagram set and permanently set of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting, comprising the following steps: 1) autumn is in plantation
After interior application base manure, full garden deep ploughing is raked, and ridging does furrow;2) autumn and winter, on the furrow according to the spacing in the rows of 1.5m~2m into
The field planting that row is permanently set and temporarily set, on soil, the interim tree is colonized in limit root container for the permanent tree directly field planting,
It is described it is permanent tree with temporarily set alternate plantation;3) after being colonized 4~6 years, intermediate cutting is carried out to the interim tree.
In cherry implantation methods of the present invention, after autumn applies base manure in plantation, full garden deep ploughing is raked, ridging
Do furrow.Base manure of the present invention is preferably decomposed manure, and the applied amount of the base manure is 1500~3000kg/ mus, more preferably
It is 2000~2600kg/ mus, most preferably 2500kg/ mus.The present invention is to the source of the decomposed manure and kind without spy
It is different to limit, utilize the conventional decomposed manure of this field.The present invention is after being applied to plantation for the base manure, Quan Yuanshen
It ploughs and rakes, ridging does furrow, and the furrow face bottom width of the furrow is preferably 3m~4.5m, more preferably 4m.The furrow face of furrow of the present invention
Upper wide preferably 2m~3.5m, more preferably 3m.The furrow height of furrow of the present invention is preferably 30cm~45cm, more preferably
40cm。
Autumn and winter, the field planting that the present invention carries out permanent tree according to the spacing in the rows of 1.5m~2m on the furrow and temporarily sets,
The permanent tree directly field planting on soil, the interim tree field planting in limit root container, it is described it is permanent set with temporarily set it is alternate
Plantation.Mode of planting of the present invention is preferably as shown in Figure 1.The present invention before the field planting, preferably include to nursery stock root into
Row trimming, disinfection, immersion and libation at an ancient wedding ceremony mud.There is no particular determinations to the trimming by the present invention, utilize the conventional nursery stock of this field
Root system pruning method.The present invention carries out disinfection to the seedling root after the trimming, and the disinfection is preferably with thimerosal
K84 aqueous solution, the K84 medical fluid and water proportion are 1:1.Permanent tree of the present invention and the field planting mode temporarily set are equally applicable
In peach or pear tree.
The method of permanent tree field planting of the present invention, preferably includes: planting pit is arranged in the field planting point permanently set, to field planting
The coarse organic matter of 20cm~30cm depth, the mixture and cubsoil of surface soil and fertilizer are successively filled in cave, and the planting pit is returned
It fills out, the vesicle that depth is more than seedling root depth 10cm is set on the planting pit of backfill, is put into nursery stock, backfills fine earth, it is fixed to pour
Root water;A length of 80cm~100cm of the planting pit, width are 80cm~100cm, and depth is 60cm~80cm.Table of the present invention
Soil and the mixture of fertilizer preferably will per acre plantation setting planting pit when, the surface soil and 1500kg organic fertilizer and 50kg of taking-up
It is formed after calcium superphosphate mixing.The present invention after backfilling fine earth it is also preferable to include being backfilled to after whole root systems are covered to mention seedling, and
It carries out stepping on soil for the first time, then backfills fine earth, be watered with root water after kind is good.
The method of interim tree field planting of the present invention, preferably includes: control root container for plant growth is placed in the field planting point temporarily set,
It is packed into the matrix of 2/3 volume in the control root container for plant growth, the nursery stock trimmed is put into the control root container for plant growth, is continued
The matrix is added, gently proposes tree body, and treaded with foot, comes into full contact with tree body root system with soil, be watered with root water, continue to cover
Matrix is to completely.The present invention to the source of the control root container for plant growth and specification there is no particular determination, preferably diameter be 60cm~
100cm.The preparation method of matrix of the present invention, preferably includes: garden mould and barnyard manure mixed according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3,
Form mixture;With mass ratio be 1% liquor potassic permanganate carry out disinfection, then by after the disinfection mixture and EM bacterium
Agent is mixed according to the mass ratio of 500:1, is sealed by fermentation 3 months;By tunning and N P and K compound and calcium magnesium phosphate according to
The mass ratio of 1000:5:2 mixes, and obtains matrix.The present invention be sealed by fermentation when, preferably by after disinfection mixture and EM bacteria agent mix
The fermentation raw material formed after conjunction, is piled into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal, trapezoidal upper hem width 60cm~80cm, lower hem width be 80cm~
100cm, depending on length is with landform.The present invention turns over once preferably per two weeks in the fermentation process.The present invention is to the nitrogen
The source of phosphorus potassium compound and kind are not particularly limited, and N P and K ratio is 15:15:15 preferably in N P and K compound.
The present invention is after the field planting, and it is also preferable to include managing after field planting, the management preferably includes tree-like trimming and water and fertilizer management.This
Inventing the tree-like trimming is preferably natural open centre shape, natural plexi shape or evacuation layering shape by the pruning.This hair
There is no particular determinations for the bright method to the water and fertilizer management.Utilize the conventional water and fertilizer management measure of this field.
The present invention carries out intermediate cutting after field planting 4~6 years, to the interim tree.It, can be straight such as permanent tree missing during plantation
It connects and is reseeded with interim tree.When the canopy that the present invention is set in the interim tree and permanently, interim tree is removed.
The method for planting fruit trees provided by the invention for being conducive to intermediate cutting is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but
It is that they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Prepartion of land before cherry orchard is planted
Autumn is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields decomposed organic fertilizer to plantation by 2500kg dosage per acre, and then gardenful deep ploughs and rakes,
Ridging does furrow, furrow face bottom width 3m, width 2m, the high 30cm of furrow in furrow face.
Substrate preparation
In July, the garden mould containing humus is selected, barnyard manure is added, the two is mixed with according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3
At substrate mixture, comprehensive spray disinfectant is carried out for 1% liquor potassic permanganate with mass ratio, then every 1000kg substrate mixture
Add 2kg EM composite microbial bacteria, after mixing well, then is piled into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal, trapezoidal upper hem width 60cm, lower hem width
For 80cm, depending on length is with landform, then with plastic film covering sealing 3 months, during which per two weeks is turned over once.To completely rotten
After ripe, compound fertilizer 5kg, the calcium magnesium phosphate 2kg that N P and K ratio is 15:15:15 are separately added into every 1000kg matrix, after mixing thoroughly
For use.
Seedling growth
Autumn and winter is colonized according to the distance of spacing in the rows 1.5m.Permanent to set and temporarily set alternate plantation, permanent tree uses
Ground plants, and interim tree is using limit root container plantation.Before field planting, nursery stock root is trimmed, and is handled with K84 solution disinfection.1)
Permanent tree planting: the planting pit that length and width are respectively 80cm, depth 60cm is dug in permanently tree site, surface soil and deep soil separately put two
Side.The coarse organic matter of 20cm is inserted in planting pit bottom, and organic fertilizer 1500kg, adds 50kg calcium superphosphate per acre, equal with surface soil
Even mixing application is treaded, and deep soil is smashed to pieces to be put in and be treaded thereon.Then, cutting depth is more than root system on the planting pit backfilled
Depth 10cm or so vesicle, is put into nursery stock, and seedling root is controlled uniformly around in cave center, fine earth is backfilled, until whole root systems are covered
Seedling is mentioned after lid, and carries out stepping on soil for the first time, then backfill fine earth, is watered with root water after kind is good.2) it interim tree: is put in temporarily tree site
Control root container for plant growth (diameter 60cm) is set, the 2/3 above-mentioned matrix banked up is packed into container, the nursery stock trimmed is put into appearance
Device continuously adds above-mentioned matrix, gently proposes tree body, and treaded with foot, comes into full contact with tree body root system with soil.After plantation is good, pour
Sufficient root water continues to cover matrix.Later, it is watered using trickle irrigation, fertilizer is applied according to Growth status situation, and carry out pest and disease damage
Prevention and treatment.
It manages after plantation: being trimmed using natural open centre shape, after planting 4 years, canopy in garden is removed interim
Tree.During plantation, interim tree also can be used as nursery stock sale, and interim transplant survival of setting is 100%.
Embodiment 2
Prepartion of land before cherry orchard is planted
Autumn is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields decomposed organic fertilizer to plantation by 2500kg dosage per acre, and then gardenful deep ploughs and rakes,
Ridging does furrow, and 4m meters of furrow face bottom width, 3m meters of width in furrow face, the high 40cm of furrow.
Substrate preparation
In August part, the garden mould containing humus is selected, barnyard manure is added, the two is mixed with according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3
At substrate mixture, comprehensive spray disinfectant is carried out for 1% liquor potassic permanganate with mass ratio, then every 1000kg substrate mixture
Add 4kg EM composite microbial bacteria, after mixing well, then is piled into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal, trapezoidal upper hem width 80cm, lower hem width
For 100cm, depending on length is with landform, then with plastic film covering sealing 3 months, during which per two weeks is turned over once.To complete
After decomposed, it is separately added into compound fertilizer 5kg, the calcium magnesium phosphate 2kg that N P and K ratio is 15:15:15 in every 1000kg matrix, mixes thoroughly
It is stand-by afterwards.
Seedling growth
Autumn and winter is colonized according to the distance of spacing in the rows 2m.It permanently sets and temporarily sets alternate plantation, permanent tree uses ground
It plants, interim tree is using limit root container plantation.Before field planting, nursery stock root is trimmed, and is handled with K84 solution disinfection.1) forever
Long tree planting: the planting pit that length and width are respectively 100cm, depth 80cm is dug in permanently tree site, surface soil and deep soil separately put both sides.
The coarse organic matter of 30cm is inserted in planting pit bottom, and organic fertilizer 1500kg, adds 50kg calcium superphosphate per acre, uniformly mixes with surface soil
It closes to apply and tread, deep soil is smashed to pieces to be put in and be treaded thereon.Then, cutting depth is more than root system depth on the planting pit backfilled
10cm or so vesicle, is put into nursery stock, and seedling root is controlled uniformly around in cave center, fine earth is backfilled, until after whole root systems are covered
Seedling is mentioned, and carries out stepping on soil for the first time, then backfill fine earth, is watered with root water after kind is good.2) interim tree: control is placed in temporarily tree site
Root container for plant growth (diameter 100cm), container is interior to be packed into the 2/3 above-mentioned matrix banked up, and the nursery stock trimmed is put into container, after
It is continuous that above-mentioned matrix is added, tree body is gently proposed, and treaded with foot, comes into full contact with tree body root system with soil.After plantation is good, it is watered with and determines root
Water continues to cover matrix.Later, it is watered using trickle irrigation, fertilizer is applied according to Growth status situation, and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
It manages after plantation: being trimmed using evacuation layering shape, after planting 6 years, canopy in garden is removed interim
Tree.During plantation, interim tree also can be used as nursery stock sale, and interim transplanting survival rate of setting reaches 98% or more.
The present invention provides a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting, the directly field planting of permanent tree is faced in planting pit
Shi Shu is colonized using limit root container, and is temporarily set and permanently set alternate plantation, when interfering with each other between tree body, at any time may be used
To move container, do not limited by the time, it is smaller on tree body influence due to container integral transplanting, improve survival rate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cherry implantation methods for being conducive to intermediate cutting, comprising the following steps:
1) after autumn applies base manure in plantation, full garden deep ploughing is raked, and ridging does furrow;
2) autumn and winter, the field planting for carrying out permanent tree according to the spacing in the rows of 1.5m~2m on the furrow and temporarily setting are described permanent
On soil, the interim tree field planting the permanent tree and temporarily sets alternate plantation in limit root container for tree directly field planting;
3) after being colonized 4~6 years, intermediate cutting is carried out to the interim tree.
2. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) base manure is decomposed manure, institute
The applied amount for stating base manure is 1500~3000kg/ mus.
3. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the furrow face bottom width 3m of the step 1) furrow~
4.5m, width 2m~3.5m, the high 30cm~45cm of furrow in furrow face.
4. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include to nursery stock before the step 2) field planting
Root is trimmed, sterilized, soaked and libation at an ancient wedding ceremony mud.
5. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the disinfection is K84 aqueous solution with thimerosal.
6. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for step 2) the permanent tree field planting, packet
It includes: planting pit being set in the field planting point permanently set, coarse organic matter, the surface soil of 20cm~30cm depth are successively filled into planting pit
With the mixture and cubsoil of fertilizer, the planting pit is backfilled, it is more than that seedling root is deep that depth is arranged on the planting pit of backfill
The vesicle for spending 10cm is put into nursery stock, backfills fine earth, pours root water;A length of 80cm~100cm of the planting pit, width 80cm
~100cm, depth are 60cm~80cm.
7. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the mixture of the surface soil and fertilizer is will per acre
When planting pit is arranged in plantation, what the surface soil of taking-up was formed after mixing with 1500kg organic fertilizer and 50kg calcium superphosphate.
8. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for step 2) the interim tree field planting, packet
It includes: placing control root container for plant growth in the field planting point temporarily set, the matrix of 2/3 volume is packed into the control root container for plant growth, will be repaired
The nursery stock sheared is put into the control root container for plant growth, continuously adds the matrix, gently proposes tree body, and treaded with foot, makes tree body
Root system comes into full contact with soil, is watered with root water, continues to cover matrix to completely.
9. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the matrix, comprising: by garden mould
It is mixed with barnyard manure according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, forms mixture;It is carried out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass ratio is 1%,
Then the mixture after the disinfection is mixed with EM bacteria agent according to the mass ratio of 500:1, is sealed by fermentation 3 months;Fermentation is produced
Object is mixed with N P and K compound and calcium magnesium phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1000:5:2, obtains matrix.
10. method for planting fruit trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after the step 2) field planting, after further including field planting
Management.
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CN201811479910.7A CN109328843B (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2018-12-05 | Cherry planting method beneficial to thinning |
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CN201811479910.7A CN109328843B (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2018-12-05 | Cherry planting method beneficial to thinning |
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