CN108633589A

CN108633589A - A kind of high yield cultivating method of loquat

Info

Publication number: CN108633589A
Application number: CN201810406855.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王保卫
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-05-03
Filing date: 2018-05-03
Publication date: 2018-10-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high yield cultivating methods of loquat, and the present invention is from loquat growth characteristics, scientific and reasonable management loquat growth phase, ensure that loquat grows fine, it improves loquat to bloom and percentage of fertile fruit, increases planting loquat yield and output value, and, nutrient needed for loquat growth can be reasonably provided, it is preferable to allow loquat healthy growth, it ensures that the loquat monomer fruit body of output is big, shape, avoid bitter pill tart fruit, loquat flavor quality is improved, planting loquat economic well-being of workers and staff is increased.

Description

A kind of high yield cultivating method of loquat

Technical field

The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of high yield cultivating method of loquat.

Background technology

Loquat enjoys light, slightly shade tolerant, likes temperature climate and rich water moistening, well-drained soil, slightly cold-resistant, not cold-resistant, Slow-growing, mean temperature 12-15 or more, winter is not -5 DEG C low, the florescence, and young fruit period is not less than 0 DEG C of area, can grow good Good, ripe loquat is sweet and delicious, and nutrition is rich, there is various fructose, glucose, potassium, phosphorus, iron, calcium and vitamin A, B, C Deng, carotene carotene content is third position in each fruit in the middle, is influenced by traditional cultivation method, and the yield of loquat is not high always, And the loquat quality produced is not also high.

Invention content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yield cultivating methods of loquat, improve the per mu yield of planting loquat, production The loquat gone out is best in quality.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：

A kind of high yield cultivating method of loquat, includes the following steps：

(1) selection of land arranges：Selection is towards south orientation or the southeast to plot, and mountainous region height above sea level is required in 500m hereinafter, the gradient≤25 °, Soil layer >=0.8m；Soil property as planting loquat, is deep-cut 30-40cm, is turned over comprehensively for red soil, yellow earth or sand loam after weeding Soil is used in combination 3% quick lime to carry out disinfection, and after being dried 3-5 days after disinfection, covers decomposed fertilizer, is carried out again to orchard soil within 5-7 days It digs primary, digs while applying compound organic fertilizer, then level land；

(2) it cultivates：The new talent of no disease and pests harm, root band soil is selected to plant into hole, seedling strain rootstock should be concordant with ground, cuts Remove partial blade, spray；Often field planting hole applies 25-30kg farm manures or sugared mud, 1-4kg calcium magnesium phosphate make base fertilizer, mixed with table soil Plant hole is applied after conjunction；Spring planting late Febuary to mid-March, fall planting early October to late November；Plantation density is 3m × 4m or 3m ×3.5m；

(3) it applies fertilizer：It is primary that it is spaced fertilising in 1 month during the 2-10 months, applies winter top dressing 1 time January in November to next year, fertilizer is decomposed People and animals' liquid dung water mixing, a concentration of 10-30%, every plant of 10-20kg；To every plant of strain of sapling before sprouting apply urea 0.1-0.2kg, Calcium superphosphate 0.3-0.4kg, potassium sulfate 0.5-0.6kg, people and animals' liquid dung 18-20kg；Split every plant of flowers and fruits tree applies urea 0.3- 0.4kg, people and animals' liquid dung 25-30kg；To the fruit tree in growth period every 7-15 days with 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates, boron Sand carries out tree crown and sprays；Before and after harvesting in 10-12 days every plant apply urea 0.8-0.9kg, calcium superphosphate 0.6-0.7kg, compound Organic fertilizer 30-35kg；

(4) pruning：

Earsh pruning：Based on trunk shape, take out within 1 year tip 4-5 time, trimming trimming using do calmly, except sprouting and dredge Branch, is trimmed to low dry layering shape tree crown, and height of tree crown is less than 3m；

To bearing tree pruning：Based on summer pruning, supplemented by spring, spring trimming 2-3 months combine fruit thinning into Row removes weak branch, dense branches and the branch of excessive growth, and cuts update to old branch are short；Summer pruning carried out after fruit picking deletion dense branches, Slim and frahile branch and sick branch amputate tree crown top vertical branch；Result has leaf fruitful branch is short to cut to inspire summer shoot, removes no leaf fruit Stake or fruitful branch fruit axis update result old branch；The branch externally moved bounces back, and makes the distance in the ranks keeping 80-100cm, with Sharp ventilation and penetrating light and reserved walkway, branches and leaves do not intersect between strain；

(5) flower and fruit thinning and bagging：Flower thinning extracts morning property flower when small flower spike detaches in winter, retain slow property flower, remove flower The flower of fringe base portion and top retains the flower in the middle part of flower spike；Fruit thinning carries out after the 2-3 spring month is warm, removes malformed fruit, freeze injury fruit, disease Wormed fruit, mechanical damage fruit stay 1-3 fruit, small fruit shape kind to stay 5-6 per fringe then according to tree vigo(u)r power by big fruit shape kind Fruit；Bagging is carried out after March last time fruit thinning or the bagging in fruit thinning；

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：It is ventilated to field group and individual, sick branch, fallen leaves or shedding are removed, disease pest is reduced Source；Low toxicity, low-residual and the medicament low to natural enemy lethality are selected, is suited the remedy to the case, spray covers entire sufferer position, reduces and uses The different medicament of mechanism is used alternatingly in medicine number, fits the generation of slow disease pest drug resistance；Natural enemy is protected and utilized, it is anti-to play biology Effect is controlled, with beneficial organism killing harmful living, expands and worm is controlled with worm, controls the range of worm with bacterium, to maintain nature ecology flat Weighing apparatus.

Preferably, the compound organic fertilizer is consisted of the following compositions according to parts by weight：Ferment 40-52 parts of chicken and duck excrement, height 28-36 parts of fine strain of millet stalk powder, fish scale be bone 20-26 parts broken, 15-22 parts of mud, 12-18 parts of borax, 11-15 parts of slag, edible mushroom 10-16 parts of slag, 4-8 parts of potassium fulvate, 3-9 parts of peanut shell, 5-10 parts of shell powder, 8-12 parts of rice washing water of fermentation, insecticide 1-4 Part, 2-5 parts of saccharomycete, 2-6 parts of root-inducing powder and 2-6 parts of EM bacteria agents.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention is from loquat growth characteristics, scientific and reasonable management loquat growth phase, really It has protected loquat to grow fine, has improved loquat and bloom and percentage of fertile fruit, increased planting loquat yield and output value, also, can be rational Nutrient needed for loquat growth is provided, preferably allows loquat healthy growth, ensures that the loquat monomer fruit body of output is big, forming It is good, bitter pill tart fruit is avoided, loquat flavor quality is improved, increases planting loquat economic well-being of workers and staff.

Specific implementation mode

The technical solution of this patent is described in more detail With reference to embodiment.

The composition of compound organic fertilizer：Ferment 50 parts of chicken and duck excrement, 32 parts of broomcorn straw powder, 20 parts of the broken bone of fish scale, mud 18 parts, 12 parts of borax, 12 parts of slag, 16 parts of edible fungi residues, 4.2 parts of potassium fulvate, 5 parts of peanut shell, 6 parts of shell powder, fermentation wash in a pan 2 parts of 10 parts of water of rice, 1.5 parts of insecticide, 2 parts of saccharomycete, 2 parts of root-inducing powder and EM bacteria agents；

(2) it cultivates：The new talent of no disease and pests harm, root band soil is selected to plant into hole, seedling strain rootstock should be concordant with ground, cuts Remove partial blade, spray；Often field planting hole applies 25-30kg farm manures or sugared mud, 1-4kg calcium magnesium phosphate make base fertilizer, mixed with table soil Plant hole is applied after conjunction；Spring planting late Febuary to mid-March, fall planting early October to late November；Plantation density is 3m × 4m；

(3) it applies fertilizer：

It is primary that it is spaced fertilising in 1 month during the 2-10 months, applies winter top dressing 1 time January in November to next year, fertilizer is decomposed dung polluted water Water water mixing, a concentration of 10-30%, every plant of 10-20kg；

Urea 0.1-0.2kg, calcium superphosphate 0.3-0.4kg, potassium sulfate 0.5- are applied to every plant of strain of sapling before sprouting 0.6kg, people and animals' liquid dung 18-20kg；

Split every plant of flowers and fruits tree applies urea 0.3-0.4kg, people and animals' liquid dung 25-30kg；To the fruit tree in growth period every It sprays carrying out tree crown with 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates, borax within 7-15 days；

Before and after harvesting in 10-12 days every plant apply urea 0.8-0.9kg, calcium superphosphate 0.6-0.7kg, compound organic fertilizer 30-35kg；

It is discoid away to fruit tree drip, table soil rake is split into outside trunk 0.5m when fertilising centered on fruit tree trunk, it is main It is dry outward from shallow to deep, earthing after fertilising；

(4) pruning：

(5) flower and fruit thinning and bagging：

Flower thinning extracts morning property flower when small flower spike detaches in winter, retain slow property flower, remove flower spike base portion and the flower at top, protect Stay the flower in the middle part of flower spike；

Fruit thinning carries out after the 2-3 spring month is warm, malformed fruit, freeze injury fruit, disease pest fruit, mechanical damage fruit is removed, then according to tree Gesture is strong and weak, stays 1-3 fruit, small fruit shape kind to stay 5-6 fruit by big fruit shape kind per fringe；

Bagging is carried out after March last time fruit thinning or the bagging in fruit thinning；

Claims

1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of loquat, which is characterized in that include the following steps：

(1) selection of land arranges：Towards south orientation or the southeast to plot, mountainous region height above sea level is required in 500m hereinafter, the gradient≤25 °, soil layer for selection ≥0.8m；Soil property as planting loquat, deep-cuts 30-40cm, digs comprehensively for red soil, yellow earth or sand loam after weeding, and It is carried out disinfection with 3% quick lime, after being dried 3-5 days after disinfection, covers decomposed fertilizer, dig again to orchard soil within 5-7 days Once, it digs while applying compound organic fertilizer, then level land；

(2) it cultivates：The new talent of no disease and pests harm, root band soil is selected to plant into hole, seedling strain rootstock should be concordant with ground, cuts off portion Leaflet piece, spray；Often field planting hole applies 25-30kg farm manures or sugared mud, 1-4kg calcium magnesium phosphate make base fertilizer, after being mixed with table soil Apply plant hole；Spring planting late Febuary to mid-March, fall planting early October to late November；Plantation density be 3m × 4m or 3m × 3.5m；

(3) it applies fertilizer：It is primary that it is spaced fertilising in 1 month during the 2-10 months, applies winter top dressing 1 time January in November to next year, fertilizer is decomposed people Animal manure water water mixing, a concentration of 10-30%, every plant of 10-20kg；Urea 0.1-0.2kg is applied to every plant of strain of sapling before sprouting, crosses phosphorus Sour calcium 0.3-0.4kg, potassium sulfate 0.5-0.6kg, people and animals' liquid dung 18-20kg；Split every plant of flowers and fruits tree apply urea 0.3-0.4kg, People and animals' liquid dung 25-30kg；Fruit tree in growth period was carried out every 7-15 days with 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates, borax Tree crown sprays；Before and after harvesting in 10-12 days every plant apply urea 0.8-0.9kg, calcium superphosphate 0.6-0.7kg, compound organic fertilizer 30-35kg；

(4) pruning：

Earsh pruning：Based on trunk shape, take out within 1 year tip 4-5 time, trimming trimming using do calmly, except sprouting and sparse branching, repair It is cut into low dry layering shape tree crown, height of tree crown is less than 3m；

To bearing tree pruning：Based on summer pruning, supplemented by spring, spring trimming is dredged in 2-3 months in conjunction with fruit thinning Update is cut except weak branch, dense branches and the branch of excessive growth, and to old branch are short；Summer pruning carries out deletion dense branches, slim and frahile after fruit picking Branch and sick branch, amputate tree crown top vertical branch；Result has leaf fruitful branch is short to cut to inspire summer shoot, remove no leaf fruit stake or Fruitful branch fruit axis updates result old branch；The branch externally moved bounces back, and makes the distance in the ranks keeping 80-100cm, logical with profit Wind light transmission and reserved walkway, branches and leaves do not intersect between strain；

(5) flower and fruit thinning and bagging：Flower thinning extracts morning property flower when small flower spike detaches in winter, retain slow property flower, remove flower spike base The flower in portion and top retains the flower in the middle part of flower spike；Fruit thinning carries out after the 2-3 spring month is warm, remove malformed fruit, freeze injury fruit, disease pest fruit, Mechanical damage fruit stays 1-3 fruit, small fruit shape kind to stay 5-6 fruit per fringe then according to tree vigo(u)r power by big fruit shape kind；Set Bag is carried out after March last time fruit thinning or the bagging in fruit thinning；

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：It is ventilated to field group and individual, sick branch, fallen leaves or shedding are removed, disease pest source is reduced； Low toxicity, low-residual and the medicament low to natural enemy lethality are selected, is suited the remedy to the case, spray covers entire sufferer position, reduces medication The different medicament of mechanism is used alternatingly in number, fits the generation of slow disease pest drug resistance；Natural enemy is protected and utilized, biological control is played Effect is expanded with beneficial organism killing harmful living and controls worm with worm, controlled the range of worm with bacterium, to be maintained the nature ecological balance.

2. the high yield cultivating method of loquat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the compound organic fertilizer is according to weight Part consists of the following compositions：Fermenting, 40-52 parts of chicken and duck excrement, 28-36 parts of broomcorn straw powder, fish scale be bone 20-26 parts broken, mud 15-22 parts, 12-18 parts of borax, 11-15 parts of slag, 10-16 parts of edible fungi residues, 4-8 parts of potassium fulvate, 3-9 parts of peanut shell, freshwater mussel 5-10 parts of shell powder, 8-12 parts of rice washing water of fermentation, 1-4 parts of insecticide, 2-5 parts of saccharomycete, 2-6 parts of root-inducing powder and EM bacteria agents 2- 6 parts.