JPH0380025A - Sheet for restricting root region of plant and method for cultivating and harvesting plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To inexpensively and simply prepare the subject sheet for contriving to provide a plant of high quality by partially bonding the constituent fibers of a web comprising continuous filaments to each other. CONSTITUTION:The constituent fibers of a web comprising single component continuous filaments or conjugated continuous filaments including polyester fibers having a single filament fineness of 1-10 denier are bonded to each other by a thermally pressing method preferably so as to form a bonded area in an amount of <=20% based on the whole area of the non-woven fabric, thereby providing the objective sheet comprising synthetic fiber non-woven fabric having a weight of 30-300g, an air permeability of 15-300cc/cm<2>/sec and a water permeability of 1.9X10<-3> to 4.4X10<-3>cm/sec. When the sheet is buried in soil just below a plant such as a fruit tree, the growth of the axial root or thick root of the plant is inhibited to provide the plant of high quality.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a plant cultivation and harvesting technique that makes it possible, for example, to harvest high-quality fruits.

More specifically, by artificially suppressing the growth of tap roots and thick roots of plants such as fruit trees so that they do not enter, the growth of the plants' underground parts is compared to The present invention relates to a new plant root zone limiting material and a plant cultivation and harvesting method that further promotes the growth of above-ground parts of the plant and enables the harvesting of high-quality fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc.

[Prior Art] In the past, various techniques have been attempted for cultivating fruit trees, etc., with the aim of increasing the quality of harvested fruits.

For example, approaches that involve the fruit trees themselves, such as improving varieties and developing grafting techniques, and approaches that involve cultivation techniques, such as improving fertilizers, pesticides, and soil, have been taken.

One of the techniques related to the latter cultivation technique is that if the tree is too strong and the fruit production is unavoidably poor, the tree is dug up and the roots are cut appropriately, or, for example, the tree is grown directly under the tree. By laying stones and rubble at a depth of 30 to 40 cm in the soil to prevent tap roots and thick roots from entering, the tree's vigor is artificially weakened, resulting in more stable fruiting and higher quality. A technique to limit the root area is known, which allows Daito to ripen and harvest.

This root zone restriction technology has been known for a relatively long time, and its idea is to suppress the growth of the underground part of the plant rather than the growth of the above-ground part, thereby reducing the amount of carbohydrates produced in the above-ground part of the plant. The goal is to concentrate more of the substances and hormones necessary for the growth of the fruit on the side of the fruit, resulting in high-quality fruit.

Specifically, techniques for restricting the root area include, as mentioned above, laying stones and rubble in the soil directly beneath the tree, and in recent years, attempts have been made to use methods such as laying plastic mesh. However, these shrines, such as stones, rubble, and even plastic mesh, do not have good water permeability and air permeability, so on the other hand, they can cause root rot and oxygen deficiency, causing tree growth. This led to new problems such as withering of the plants, disruption of the balance of plant hormones, and the need to change fertilizer design.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In view of the above-mentioned points, the purpose of the present invention is to achieve the intended effect of root area restriction technology without causing side effects such as root rot and oxygen deficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new root zone-limiting material that can exhibit good performance, and a new method for cultivating and harvesting plants using the material.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The plant root zone limiting material and the novel plant cultivation and harvesting method of the present invention, which achieve the above-mentioned objects, have the following configuration.

That is, the plant root zone limiting material of the present invention is made of a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric in which constituent fibers in a web made of continuous filaments are partially bonded together, and is buried in the soil directly beneath a plant. This is a root area restriction sheet for plants that is characterized by suppressing the growth of roots or thick roots.

In addition, in the plant cultivation method of the present invention, a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric in which the constituent fibers of a web made of continuous filaments are partially bonded to each other is buried in the soil directly below the plant, so that the tap root or thick root of the plant is This is a method for cultivating and harvesting plants, which is characterized by suppressing growth and promoting the growth of the above-ground parts of the plant more than the growth of the underground parts.

[Action Co. The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

The root zone restricting material of the present invention uses a nonwoven sheet-like material in which constituent fibers in a web made of continuous filaments of synthetic fibers are partially bonded to each other.

FIG. 1 is a model showing an example of how the root zone restriction sheet of the present invention is used. It is buried underground 3 directly below to prevent tap roots and thick roots from entering.

The synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric used in the present invention must be made of substantially continuous filaments, and even if it is made of synthetic fiber, it may be a nonwoven fabric made of short fibers or an entangled fabric in which fibers are entangled with each other by needle punching or the like. Filament nonwoven fabrics generally have low strength, and are difficult to use because they have the effect of suppressing the growth of tap roots and thick roots, and it is difficult to maintain the suppressive power over a long period of time.In addition, they are made of natural fibers other than synthetic fibers Non-woven fabrics also cannot be used because of their weak strength and ability to suppress the tap roots and thick roots. In contrast, the synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric made of substantially continuous filaments used in the present invention has strong strength and excellent corrosion resistance, so it has a long-term suppressive effect on tap roots and large roots. It can be performed well. In particular, since it is used for trees that can live for decades in some cases, such high strength, high corrosion resistance, and high durability are very important factors.

Various types of synthetic fibers, such as polyester and polyamide, can be preferably used, but ultrafine filament fibers with a single fiber denier that are too thin generally have low strength (they tend to have little effect on suppressing tap roots and thick roots, so they should not be used). It's safer.

In other words, in order to maintain the effect of suppressing the growth of tap roots and thick roots over a long period of time, it is important that the synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric has sufficient strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. According to the findings of the present inventors, in particular, the continuous filament is made of a single component fiber containing a polyester fiber component or a composite fiber, and the single fiber denier is 1 to 1.
It is 10 denier, and the eye size is 30 to 300.
It is preferable to use a nonwoven fabric having a particle size within the range of approximately g/m2. Furthermore, as a manufacturing method for the nonwoven fabric, a spunbond method is preferable in order to obtain the above-mentioned high durability and high strength.

The constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric used in the present invention can be partially joined together by a thermocompression method in which the fiber web is subjected to embossing, or by using an appropriate amount of a binder (adhesive) component in addition to the constituent fibers. Depending on the components, bonding may be performed using an appropriate bonding method.

Since the nonwoven fabric is made up of partially bonded constituent fibers, it has good water permeability and air permeability, and practically eliminates problems such as root rot and oxygen deficiency. It's incredible. The degree of partial bonding between constituent fibers is soil that achieves good water permeability and air permeability, expressed as a ratio of bonded area, to 50% or less, preferably 20% or less of the entire nonwoven fabric area, Most preferably 1
It is preferable to use 0% or less.

In order to obtain better and higher air permeability and water permeability, it is better to use a self-bonding method in which the web is embossed to heat-seal some of the constituent fibers, and the constituent fibers are bonded together by thermocompression. This method is preferable to a method in which bonding is performed using a binder (adhesive) component other than fibers. In order to effectively carry out the self-bonding method, the constituent fibers include fibers made of a single component, core-sheath (single-core or multi-core), bimetallic structure, etc. that partially use an appropriate low-melting point component. It may be a composite fiber.

From the above-mentioned point of view, it is preferable to use a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric used in the present invention having an air permeability of 20 to 300 cc/cm2/sec and a water permeability of 1.9 x lO' to 4.4 x lO''30 m/sec. Preferable. Airflow rate is 20 cc/c.
Less than m2/sec or water permeability of 1°9 x 10'
If the air permeability is less than 300 cc/cm2/sec, it is undesirable as it increases the possibility of causing adverse effects such as root rot or oxygen deficiency. If it exceeds 4 x 10-3 cm/sec, it is not preferable because the suppressing force against tap roots and thick roots tends to be weakened.

In addition, in the present invention, the synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric sheet is used in sizes ranging from a single sheet several meters square to cover a wide area of root growth, to larger sheets of more than 10 meters square or even larger. However, it is also possible to use a large number of synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric sheets with appropriate small dimensions. In addition, to make it large in size, an appropriate joining means may be used.

Of course, an appropriate number of sheets may be stacked and used.

The root zone restriction sheet of the present invention is applied to the cultivation of fruit trees, flowering trees, vegetable holes, etc., and makes it possible to harvest high quality fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. It can be widely used in the cultivation of plants for the purpose of

In addition, in the above explanation, the measurement of ventilation amount is based on JTS-L
1096, 6.27, and the water permeability was measured by the method described in JIS-A1218.

[Examples] Hereinafter, specific configurations and effects of the present invention will be explained using examples.

Example 1 Self-bonding type spunbond polyester nonwoven fabric (thickness:
0.51mm, date: 200g/m2, joint area: 13
%, partially joined product by heat embossing, ventilation amount: 30
cc/cm2/sec, water permeability: 1, IX 1.
0" cm/sec, dimensions: 1.2 m x 50 m), and when planting white peach seedlings (two-year seedlings), lay the non-woven fabric in layers at a depth of about 30 cm in the soil, The young white peach tree mentioned above was planted above it.

On the other hand, similar young white peach trees were planted without using any materials such as non-woven fabric.

These white peaches began to bear fruit two years after planting, and after a few more years, the trees that were covered with non-woven fabric were shorter in height than those that were not covered with non-woven fabric. The plants showed good growth with large fruits.

In order to confirm the reason for this, we dug up both white peach trees and found that the growth of the thick tap root of the one covered with non-woven fabric was effectively suppressed by the non-woven fabric, and the effect of restricting the root area was reduced. It can be seen that it is performing very well, and
It was confirmed that the growth was healthy with no root rot or oxygen deficiency.

On the other hand, in the case where the non-woven fabric was not spread, the growth of a thick tap root was observed and the tree was very strong, so it was judged that the fruit set was not as good.

2 [Effects of the Invention] According to the root zone limiting sheet of the present invention and the cultivation and harvesting method using the sheet as described above, a synthetic fiber filament nonwoven fabric in which the constituent fibers are partially joined to each other can be grown. In addition to being extremely strong and durable, and being able to effectively suppress the growth of tap roots or thick roots over a long period of time, the sheet also has good water permeability and air permeability. Problems such as root rot and oxygen deficiency are practically unavoidable, and are more than sufficient to meet the intended purpose of improving the quality of plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc.) using root zone restriction technology. can be demonstrated.

The synthetic fiber filament nonwoven fabric used in the present invention can be manufactured at a low cost, and its properties such as air permeability, water permeability, durability, and strength can be freely adjusted by appropriately changing the manufacturing conditions. It is possible to freely manufacture and use various root zone restriction sheets according to plant species such as fruit tree species and flowering tree species, soil properties, etc., and to obtain the best root zone restriction effect. It is very practical and effective in terms of agricultural production, and is expected to be realized.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing an example of how the root zone restriction sheet of the present invention is used. 1: Root area restriction sheet of the present invention 2: Plants such as fruit trees 3: In the soil directly below the plants

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) Made of synthetic fiber non-woven fabric in which constituent fibers in a web made up of continuous filaments are partially bonded to each other, and is buried in the soil directly beneath a plant to suppress the growth of the tap root or thick root of the plant. A plant root zone restriction sheet characterized by: (2) Partial bonding of constituent fibers in the continuous filament web is achieved by thermocompression bonding, and the web is made of a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric that does not substantially contain any adhesive component other than the continuous filament. A root zone restriction sheet according to claim (1). (3) Claim (1) characterized in that the continuous filament is made of a single component fiber or a composite fiber containing a polyester fiber component, and has a single fiber denier of 1 to 10 denier. or the first (
Root area restriction sheet described in section 2). (4) Synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric has a basis weight of 30g/m^2~300
g/m^2 and an air flow rate of 15 to 300 cc/cm^2/sec. Area restriction sheet. (5) Synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric has a water permeability of 1.9 x 10^-^3
~4.4×10^-^3cm/sec.
Root area restriction sheet as described in Section 3) or Section (4). (6) A synthetic fiber non-woven fabric in which the constituent fibers of a continuous filament web are partially bonded to each other is buried in the soil directly under a plant to suppress the growth of the tap root or thick root of the plant, and A method for cultivating and harvesting plants characterized by promoting the growth of the above-ground parts of the plant more than the growth of the underground parts. (7) The method for cultivating and harvesting a plant according to claim (6), wherein the plant is a fruit tree.