CN104686272A

CN104686272A - Stock hardwood cutting propagation method for Chinese cherry

Info

Publication number: CN104686272A
Application number: CN201510088998.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘珠琴; 邱赤军; 章建红
Original assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2015-02-27
Filing date: 2015-02-27
Publication date: 2015-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-27
Also published as: CN104686272B

Abstract

The invention provides a stock hardwood cutting propagation method for Chinese cherry, and relates to the field of agricultural techniques. The method comprises the steps of preparation and storage of cutting wood, preparation of seedbeds, and cutting and management after cutting; selecting annual branches vigorous in autumn and winter with plump gemmae; cutting the braches into cutting wood of 10-15 cm; putting the cutting wood in a box spread and pasted by a plastic film; wrapping and putting the cutting wood at room temperature in winter for storage; preparing seedbeds at the same time; coating the seedbeds with mulching films; when the temperature rises above 10 DEG C in spring, selecting the cutting wood with white callosity to conduct cutting; after the cutting wood buds, leaving a vigorous bud; breeding the bud to a leader branch; eliminating other buds; applying compound fertilizer during seedling growing process; conducting irrigation and drainage timely; breeding for one year to obtain mature seedlings. The survival rate of the stock seedlings bred through the method reaches above 95%; the height of the stock seedlings is above 1.5 meters one year later; the cutting method can ensure the seedlings to be orderly, and has the characteristics of being simple to operate and low in cost while improving the preferential rate and survival rate.

Description

The method of cherry stock cuttage breeding

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, is the method for a kind of cherry stock cuttage breeding.

Background technology

Cherry ( prunus pseudocerasuslindl.) breeding of stock can adopt the sexual propagation method of sowing seedling, the advantage of the method is that root diseases is few, but there is the shortcomings such as bud ratio is low, individual difference is large, also can adopt propagation by layering, but reproduction coefficient is lower, the demand to high quality seedling on producing can not be met.In recent years, along with the progress of animal nutrition, people start to adopt tissue block propagating technology to breed high-quality cherry rootstock in a large number, but technical requirement is high, and the breeding cycle is long, cost is higher.

The cherry root stock cutting grafting method that CN102007863A proposes, cuttings being immersed takes root in solution, then inserting sprayed in the seedbed of fenaminosulf solution, and need every spraying in 30 ~ 60 minutes 10 minutes, and spraying 30 days continuously, its seedling bed applying pesticides causes soil chemistry to pollute, the use of root-growing agent also has pollution to environment, the particularly continuous spraying action need special installation of continuous 30 days and a large amount of labour, the cost that has high input is high, is difficult to apply aborning.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to current cherry root stock cutting breeding Problems existing, propose a kind of trying one's best without the method for the facilities to breed such as root-growing agent and spraying cherry root stock cutting breeding, reach survival rate high, production cost is low, easy and simple to handle, is convenient to peasant household and grasps enforcement.The method can be used for the cottage propagation of other tone fruit trees (peach, apricot, Lee etc.) stock, also for the cottage propagation of other rose family fruit trees provides reference.

Cherry stock cuttage propagation method, comprises the following steps:

1) collection of cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves autumn and winter, from robust growth, grow enrich, gemma is full, gather well-grown 1 year raw branch without the tree of damage by disease and insect, branch thick is greater than 0.5 cm, and the branch of collection is cut the section of being cut into, as cuttings every 10 ~ 15 cm;

2) storage of cuttings: the cuttings sheared is put in order by shoot growth direction, put into the storage box of the good plastic film of paving, and wrap up with plastic film, storage box is in indoor room temperature seasoning, after storage two weeks, raised by plastic film every 3 ~ 5 days, cuttings is ventilative to be wrapped in storage box after 1 ~ 2 hour again;

3) seedbed prepare: in late fall or early winter every mu cuttage and seedling culture spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, then 30 ~ 40 cm are ploughed dark, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied by the amount of 25 ~ 75 kg/ mus before Second Year does seedbed spring, then harrow and carefully rake, make the seedbed of the wide smooth no-sundries of 1.0 ~ 1.2 m, seedbed adopts black film mulching, for cuttage is ready;

4) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to more than 10 DEG C, the cuttings in storage box taken out, check cuttings base portion, select the cuttings of adularescent callus, carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 10 ~ 15 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of cutting length.

5) manage after cuttage: after cuttings rudiment, stay the bud that healthy and strong, form major branch later, all the other buds are erased, later timely except sprouting, in seedling growth process, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need be executed 4 ~ 5 times, in good time filling draining, add foliage fertilizer in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, through the cultivation of 1 year, survival rate can reach 95%, seedling height all reaches 1.5 more than m, and rugosity reaches 0.8 more than cm.

beneficial effect

1) the present invention adopts storage box to add the indoor storage of plastic film parcel cuttings, and both played insulation effect, and can ensure again the humidity in film, be conducive to cuttings clip and form callus, cost is low, economical and practical.

2) the present invention turns over when late fall or early winter and seedbed employing black plastic mulching, effectively reduces the generation of disease worm and prevents the growth of nursery lot weeds, covering black film and also serve insulation effect, not only substituting applying pesticides but also be conducive to promoting cuttage rooting.

3) the present invention is when cuttage, does not need to use any root-growing agent, only the cuttings having formed callus need be selected to carry out cuttage, ensure that the survival rate of cuttage while reducing production cost, simple to operate, is convenient to grasp.

4) the present invention gathers preparation scion after selecting fall leaves autumn and winter, and now in branch, nutrition content is the highest, easily takes root after cuttage, and survival rate is high, can reach more than 95%, and after 1 year, nursery stock is up to more than 1.5 meters, and seedling slightly reaches 0.8 more than cm, and growth is fast.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, explanation is further explained to the present invention.

Embodiment 1

Cherry rootstock selects the cuttage breeding method of careless cherry, and concrete steps are as follows:

1) collection of cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves in the winter time, from robust growth, grow enrich, gemma is full, without the careless cherry tree collection well-grown 1 year raw branch of damage by disease and insect, branch thick is greater than 0.8 cm.The branch of collection is cut every 15 cm the section of being cut into, leaves 5 ~ 7 buds, as cuttings;

2) preparation of storage box: select volume to be 0.4 ~ 0.6 cubic metre of flat carton or foamed plastic case, complete plastic film in case, the size of film is the cuttings can wrapped up in chest;

3) storage of cuttings: be bundled into a bundle by every for the cuttings sheared 50, when tying up, cuttings direction is consistent, and protects sprout, puts into ready case, then by covered rearing with plastic film, indoor room temperature 5 ~ 10 DEG C storage, raised plastic foil ventilative 1 ~ 2 hour every 3 ~ 5 days, then by plastic film covering, prevent film humidity too large, cause cuttings mouldy, after two weeks, bottom cuttings, callus starts to be formed;

4) seedbed prepares: early winter ploughs deeply, and the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40 cm.Second Year applies N-P-K content than the composite fertilizer for 15:15:15 by the amount of 75 kg/ mus spring, and shallow plowing leveling, makes the seedbed that 1.2 m are wide, and rake is carefully raked, and accomplishes the smooth no-sundries in face, seedbed, covers black mulch film, prepares cuttage;

5) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to 10 DEG C, the cuttings of storage is taken out, check cuttings base portion, the cuttings of adularescent callus is selected to carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 15 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 10 cm, should make a call to the dark diameter of 10 cm before cuttage on seedbed is the jack of 0.8cm, in order to avoid damage cuttings base portion callus during cuttage;

6) manage after cuttage: after cuttings rudiment, stay the bud that healthy and strong, all the other buds are erased, later timely except sprouting; In seedling growth process, execute N-P-K content than the composite fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times for 15:15:15; Carry out draining to pour water in good time, add foliage fertilizer in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling.Through the cultivation of 1 year, survival rate can reach 98%, and seedling height all reaches 1.5 more than m, and rugosity reaches 1.0 more than cm.

Embodiment 2

Cherry rootstock selects the cuttage breeding method of blue or green skin cherry, and concrete steps are as follows:

1) collection of cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves in the winter time, from robust growth, grow enrich, gemma is full, without the blue or green skin cherry tree collection well-grown 1 year raw branch of damage by disease and insect, branch thick is greater than 0.5 cm.The branch of collection is cut every 10 cm the section of being cut into, leaves 4 ~ 5 buds, as cuttings;

2) preparation of storage box: select volume to be 0.4 ~ 0.6 cubic metre of flat carton or foamed plastic case, complete plastic film in case, the size of film is can cuttings in package bin;

3) storage of cuttings: the cuttings sheared is put into ready carton, during placement, cuttings direction is consistent, and protect sprout, then by plastic film covering, indoor room temperature 5 ~ 10 DEG C storage, lifted film to cover for ventilative 1 ~ 2 hour every 3 ~ 5 days, after two weeks, bottom cuttings, callus starts to be formed again;

4) seedbed prepares: spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2500 kg become thoroughly decomposed early winter every mu, then plough deeply, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40 cm.Second Year is made into 1.2 m wide seedbed spring, applies N-P-K content than the composite fertilizer for 15:15:15 before making seedbed by the amount of 25 kg/ mus, then rakes thin, accomplishes the smooth no-sundries in face, seedbed, cover black mulch film, prepare cuttage;

5) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to 10 DEG C, the cuttings of storage is taken out, check cuttings base portion, the cuttings of adularescent callus is selected to carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 10 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 5 cm, should beat the dark diameter of 5cm before cuttage on seedbed is the jack of 0.5cm, in order to avoid damage the callus of cuttings base portion formation during cuttage;

6) manage after cuttage: with embodiment 1.Through the cultivation of 1 year, survival rate was to 95%, and seedling height all reaches 1.5 more than m, and rugosity reaches 0.8 more than cm.

Claims

1. the method for cherry stock cuttage breeding, its feature comprises the following steps:

4) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to more than 10 DEG C, the cuttings in storage box is taken out, check cuttings base portion, select the cuttings of adularescent callus, carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 10 ~ 15 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of cutting length;

5) manage after cuttage: after cuttings rudiment, stay the bud that healthy and strong, form major branch later, all the other buds are erased, later timely except sprouting, in seedling growth process, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need be executed 4 ~ 5 times, in good time filling draining, add foliage fertilizer in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, through the cultivation of 1 year, survival rate can reach 95%, seedling height reaches 1.5 more than m, and rugosity reaches 0.8 more than cm.

2. the method for cherry stock cuttage breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: cuttings described in step 1) must leave the full bud of 1 ~ 2 stalwartness from upper section 1/3 ~ 1/2 place.

3. the method for cherry stock cuttage according to claim 1 breeding, is characterized in that: step 2) described in storage box select volume to be 0.4 ~ 0.6 cubic metre of flat carton or foamed plastic case.

4. the method for cherry stock cuttage according to claim 1 breeding, is characterized in that: step 2) described in storage box be 5 ~ 10 DEG C in indoor seasoning temperature.

5. the method for cherry stock cuttage breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizer described in step 3) is the farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed.

6. the method for cherry stock cuttage breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: should beat the jack that cutting length 1/2 ~ 2/3 is dark, diameter is greater than 0.5 cm in step 4) before cuttage on seedbed.

7. the method for cherry stock cuttage breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described composite fertilizer N-P-K content is than being 15:15:15.