CN105815120A - Simple and convenient method for improving survival rate and annually grafting peach seedlings - Google Patents
Simple and convenient method for improving survival rate and annually grafting peach seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN105815120A CN105815120A CN201610170076.8A CN201610170076A CN105815120A CN 105815120 A CN105815120 A CN 105815120A CN 201610170076 A CN201610170076 A CN 201610170076A CN 105815120 A CN105815120 A CN 105815120A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple and convenient method for improving a survival rate and annually grafting peach seedlings. The simple and convenient method for improving the survival rate and annually grafting peach seedlings is characterized in that the grafting time in a full year is divided into two time slots T1 and T2, and afterwards, a corresponding specific grafting method can be adopted, aiming at different time slots, to carry out grafting for propagating the peach seedlings in the full year, wherein, during the time slot T1, one bud for one seedling is adopted for the grafting. Not only are scions saved, but also the operation is simple and convenient, a grafting speed is quick, a specialized worker can graft 2,500 seedlings in a day, and can graft 3,000 seedlings at most in a day, and therefore, a plurality of grafted seedlings are obtained. During the time slot T2, a slack farming season in winter can be utilized, a peak period when labor force is demanded is staggered, to-be-discarded braches pruned and removed in winter can be sufficiently utilized, more grafted seedlings are obtained through the grafting method at such a stage, the propagation rate is improved, so as to quickly propagate the peach seedlings on a large scale in a standardized manner, and the resource problems that the quality of the seedlings of peach trees is uneven and a good variety is short in supply are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pomology, peach tree seedling-wood breeding field, relating in particular to a kind of anniversary that can improve survival rate can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling.
Background technology
Fructus Persicae Seedling is the basis of peach tree cultivation, in Fructus Persicae production process, the cultivar of all market sale Peach fruits, is the most all to use grafting.What grafting was conventional traditionally has T font bud grafting, plate budding and scion grafting.T font bud grafting: spring, summer grafting, is carried out when scion and stock cortex are easily peeled；Plate budding: when stock and scion cortex are all not easily stripped in the fall, often use plate budding.Scion grafting: resin flowing in spring starts to before the sprouting of scion sprout etc..In a word, the peach seedling of existing all of various engrafting method graftings, its final survival rate generally below 90%, have less than 60%, and grafting time also to be limited by seasonality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of anniversary that can improve survival rate can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling, this engrafting method is the most simple to operate, is easily mastered, survival rate is high, and not by time restriction, annual only point two time periods, each time period uses corresponding a kind of engrafting method.The T1 time period, grafting uses bud one young plant, and breeding coefficient is high；In the T2 time period; available farm slack season in winter; the peak period of the labour demand that staggers; and the branch that will abandon that winter pruning is removed can be made full use of; improve breeding potential; to scale standard Fast-propagation Fructus Persicae Seedling, solve the resource problem that peach tree seedling quality is uneven and improved seeds are in short supply.
The present invention solves technical problem and adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of anniversary improving survival rate can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling, its feature is that method is as follows:
One, grafting time
The whole-year grafting time is divided two time period T1 and T2,
Described T1 refers to when early spring, Fructus Persicae bud was just sprouted, and ends when all coming off to peach tree blade in autumn；
Described T2 refers to, when peach tree blade all comes off autumn, end before sprouting to Fructus Persicae bud in early spring in next year；
Two, engrafting method
The grafting step of T1 time period includes the selection of scion branch, grafting, managing after grafting, and wherein grafting step is:
1. cut and budder: a cutter of splaying in 45° angle downwards at 0.8cm below scion bud, cut xylem；Then first downwards splay in 30 ° of angles at 1.0cm above scion bud a cutter, after incision xylem is as deep as 1mm～2mm, in 0 °～15 ° angular under continue cutting, until with the first cutter otch handing-over；
2. cut stock: the one side that choosing distance ground 20cm～30cm place stock is smooth, splay a cutter with the method that step is the most same 45° angle downward to stock, incision xylem；Then splay in 30 ° of angles still further below at 1.8cm～2.0cm above the first cutter otch top a cutter, after incision xylem is as deep as 1mm～2mm；In 0 °～15 ° angular under continue cutting, until with the first cutter otch handing-over；Scion bud long incision 0.2cm answered to lower cut comparison formed on described stock～0.3cm；
3. embedding: remove stock section, take off the section of scion bud, section of buddering quickly embeds stock otch, and aliging in side, combines closely in lower end to make scion at least ensure that with the cambium layer of stock；
4. colligation: the plastic strip colligation special with grafting is tight；
Described managing after grafting refers to:
Fracture at 2-3cm in A, grafting 7-10d above scion bud xylem by stock, and it is connected to make snap at least retain 1/3 cortex；
B, the young sprout sent when scion bud grow into more than 15cm, and grow when having 5 one 7 young leaves, then are cut off at 1.5-2.0cm above scion bud by stock；
After C, secondary cut anvil, use routine techniques management；
The grafting step of T2 time period includes the selection of scion branch, grafting, managing after grafting, wherein,
Grafting step is:
1. scion is cut: scion branch blocks the scion forming 4.0cm～5.0cm mono-section, and every section guarantees a full substantial bud；The upper end of morphology bud is tight with sealing with wax；Vertically cut off at 2.0cm above bud；Splay downwards in 45° angle at the 1.0cm of bottom a cutter, cut xylem, until bottommost；Then at a cutter of splaying in 30 ° of angles downwards at the 2.5cm of bottom, when cutting xylem as deep as 1mm～2mm, then in 0 °～15 ° of angle down-cuttings, until bottommost；The last opposite side relative in above-mentioned cutting face, a cutter of splaying in 20 °～30 ° of angles downwards at the 2.8cm of bottom, cut xylem, until bottommost；
2. stock is cut: select the one side that at distance ground 20.0cm～30.0cm, stock is smooth, stock splayed in 30 ° of angles downwards a cutter by same method, when cutting xylem as deep as 1mm～2mm, again in 0 °～15 ° of angle down-cuttings, stock is formed scion long incision 0.2cm～0.3cm answered to lower cut comparison；
3. insert: quickly scion cut ends is inserted stock otch, and aliging in side, combines closely in lower end to make scion at least ensure that with the cambium layer of stock；
4. colligation: the special plastic strip colligation of rapid grafting is tight；
In managing after grafting step,
Described managing after grafting refers to:
Do not water in grafting one week after；Before in early spring, Fructus Persicae bud is sprouted, concordant with scion upper end stock above section is cut off；Growing young sprout after bud is sprouted, every 10d checks once, and the rudiment on stock or young sprout all being removed in time, a healthy and strong young sprout of only selecting and remain in scion, remaining is erased the most in time；Other management are with Routine Management technology.
As preferably, the selection of described T1 time period scion branch refers to:
The healthy and strong tree without disease pest and quarantine object, major clique strain of the required kind of choosing makees maternal plant, then on maternal plant, select the annual young sprout of the full substantial stalwartness of sprout, vaned cut after remove blade immediately and leave petiole, scion branch is broken into 50 wisps, fasten kind label, wrap stand-by with wet husky cloth；If scion branch can not use immediately or the same day can not be finished in grafting, need to be erected in the container filling 4.0cm deep water by scion branch base portion down, and be seated at cool place and preserve.
As preferably, the selection of described T2 time period scion branch refers to:
The healthy and strong tree without disease pest and quarantine object, major clique strain of the required kind of choosing makees maternal plant, then selects the full substantial annual golden mean of the Confucian school branch of sprout on maternal plant tree, scion branch breaks into 50 wisps, fastens kind label, wraps stand-by with wet husky cloth；If scion can not use immediately or the same day can not be finished in grafting, need to be erected in the container filling 4cm deep water by scion branch base portion down, and be seated at cool place and preserve, or be positioned in cellar and husky preserve with wet.
As preferably, described stock is selected from the annual of seedling rootstock or nutrition anvil or biennial plan stock kind: described plan stock kind includes common Fructus Persicae, Prunus davidiana, Gansu Fructus Persicae, Xinjiang Fructus Persicae and Semen Orubu mirae, and wherein common Peach rootstock is agriotype or kind stock；Measure diameter of stock rugosity at described plan stock distance earth's surface 3cm, 1.2cm need to be more than or equal to.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that:
Anniversary grafting is only divided two time periods by engrafting method of the present invention, and each time period is only with a kind of engrafting method, the most simple to operate, and survival rate is high, and not by time restriction.Wherein, the T1 time period, using bud one young plant, not only save scion, and easy and simple to handle, grafting speed is fast, skilled worker one day can grafting 2500 strain, the highest up to 3000 strains, substantial amounts of grafting can be obtained.In the T2 time period; available farm slack season in winter; the peak period of the labour demand that staggers; and the branch that will abandon that winter pruning is removed can be made full use of; more grafting is obtained in this stage by this engrafting method; improve breeding potential, breed Fructus Persicae Seedling to rapid scale standardization, solve the resource problem that peach tree seedling quality is uneven and improved seeds are in short supply.
The plant percent of two kinds of method graftings of the present invention all reaches more than 98%, and the seedling quality of grafting is good, robust growth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the individual grafting Seedling of T2 time period grafting of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the grafting upgrowth situation of T2 time period grafting of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of detailed description of the invention, technical solution of the present invention is further explained explanation.In following example, scion branch, make maternal plant, such as " gardenful is red " Nectarine according to the healthy and strong tree of the major clique strain of the required kind of plan choosing.Stock is selected from the Xinjiang Fructus Persicae of seedling rootstock；At distance earth's surface 3cm, measure diameter of stock rugosity both greater than equal to 1.2cm.
Angle 30 ° in embodiments below, all angles cut such as 45 ° each mean tangent plane with the most vertical between formation angle.
One, grafting time
The whole-year grafting time is divided two time period T1 and T2,
Described T1 refers to when early spring, Fructus Persicae bud was just sprouted, and ends when all coming off to peach tree blade in autumn；
Described T2 refers to, when peach tree blade all comes off autumn, end before sprouting to Fructus Persicae bud in early spring in next year；
Two, engrafting method
(1) grafting of T1 time period
Including steps such as the selection of scion branch, grafting, managing after grafting；
The selection of scion branch:
The healthy and strong tree without disease pest and quarantine object, major clique strain of required " gardenful the is red " Nectarine of choosing on May 20th, 2015 makees maternal plant, then on maternal plant, select the annual young sprout of the full substantial stalwartness of sprout, vaned cut after remove blade immediately and leave petiole, cut 20 altogether, break into a wisp, fasten kind label, wrap stand-by with wet husky cloth.If scion branch can not use immediately or the same day can not be finished in grafting, need to be erected in the container filling 4.0cm deep water by scion branch base portion down, and be seated at cool place and preserve.
Grafting step is:
1. cut and budder: a cutter of splaying in 45° angle downwards at 0.8cm below scion bud, cut xylem；Then first downwards splay in 30 ° of angles at 1.0cm above scion bud a cutter, after incision xylem is as deep as 1mm～2mm, in 0 °～15 ° angular under continue cutting, until with the first cutter otch handing-over；
2. cut stock: the one side that choosing distance ground 20cm～30cm place stock is smooth, splay a cutter with the method that step is the most same 45° angle downward to stock, incision xylem；Then splay in 30 ° of angles still further below at 1.8cm～2.0cm above the first cutter otch top a cutter, after incision xylem is as deep as 1mm～2mm；In 0 °～15 ° angular under continue cutting, until with the first cutter otch handing-over；Scion bud long incision 0.2cm answered to lower cut comparison formed on described stock～0.3cm；
3. embed: remove stock section, take off the section of scion bud, the section of scion bud is quickly embedded stock otch, in operating process, at least make scion have side to align with stock cambium layer, the lower end cambium layer of scion can automatic aligning so that the cambium layer of scion and stock is combined closely；
4. colligation: the plastic strip colligation special with grafting is tight；
Managing after grafting:
Fracture at 2-3cm in A, grafting 7-10d above scion bud xylem by stock, and it is connected to make snap at least retain 1/3 cortex；
B, the young sprout sent when scion bud grow into more than 15cm, and grow when having 5 one 7 young leaves, then are cut off at 1.5-2.0cm above scion bud by stock；
After C, secondary cut anvil, use routine techniques, strengthen rich water quality management.
Inventor added up November 10, and grafting 2000 strain altogether, the quantity surviving Seedling is 1986 strains, and 90% reaches more than one-level Seedling.
(2) grafting of T2 time period
The selection of scion branch:
The healthy and strong tree without disease pest and quarantine object, major clique strain of required " gardenful the is red " Nectarine of choosing on November 20th, 2014 makees maternal plant, then on maternal plant tree, select the full substantial annual golden mean of the Confucian school branch of sprout, montage cladus bar 25, break into a wisp, fasten kind label, wrap stand-by with wet husky cloth；If scion can not use immediately or the same day can not be finished in grafting, need to be erected in the container filling 4cm deep water by scion branch base portion down, and be seated at cool place and preserve, or be positioned in cellar and husky preserve with wet.
Grafting step is:
1. scion is cut: scion branch blocks the scion forming 4cm～5.0cm mono-section, and every section guarantees a full substantial bud；The upper end of morphology bud is tight with sealing with wax；Vertically cut off at 2.0cm above bud；Splay downwards in 45° angle at the 1.0cm of bottom a cutter, cut xylem, until bottommost；Then at a cutter of splaying in 30 ° of angles downwards at the 2.5cm of bottom, when cutting xylem as deep as 1mm～2mm, then in 0 °～15 ° of angle down-cuttings, until bottommost；The last opposite side relative in above-mentioned cutting face, a cutter of splaying in 20 °～30 ° of angles downwards at the 2.8cm of bottom, cut xylem, until bottommost；
2. stock is cut: select the one side that at distance ground 20.0cm～30.0cm, stock is smooth, stock splayed in 30 ° of angles downwards a cutter by same method, when cutting xylem as deep as 1mm～2mm, again in 0 °～15 ° of angle down-cuttings, stock is formed scion long incision 0.2cm～0.3cm answered to lower cut comparison；
3. insert: quickly scion cut ends is inserted stock otch, at least make to budder to have with stock cambium layer and align；
4. colligation: the special plastic strip colligation of rapid grafting is tight；
In managing after grafting step,
Do not water in grafting one week after；Before in early spring, Fructus Persicae bud is sprouted, concordant with scion upper end stock above section is cut off；Growing young sprout after bud is sprouted, every 10d checks once, and the rudiment on stock or young sprout all being removed in time, a healthy and strong young sprout of only selecting and remain in scion, remaining is erased the most in time；Other use routine techniques, strengthen rich water quality management.Inventor added up on October 25th, 2015, and the quantity of grafting is 500 strains, and the quantity surviving Seedling is 493 strains.
Claims (4)
1. anniversary improving survival rate can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling, it is characterised in that method is as follows:
One, grafting time
The whole-year grafting time is divided two time period T1 and T2,
Described T1 refers to when early spring, Fructus Persicae bud was just sprouted, and ends when all coming off to peach tree blade in autumn；
Described T2 refers to, when peach tree blade all comes off autumn, end before sprouting to Fructus Persicae bud in early spring in next year；
Two, engrafting method
The grafting step of T1 time period includes the selection of scion branch, grafting, managing after grafting, and wherein grafting step is:
1. cut and budder: a cutter of splaying in 45° angle downwards at 0.8cm below scion bud, cut xylem；Then first downwards splay in 30 ° of angles at 1.0cm above scion bud a cutter, after incision xylem is as deep as 1mm～2mm, in 0 °-15 ° angular under continue cutting, until with the first cutter otch handing-over；
2. cut stock: the one side that choosing distance ground 20cm～30cm place stock is smooth, splay a cutter with the method that step is the most same 45° angle downward to stock, incision xylem；Then splay in 30 ° of angles still further below at 1.8cm～2.0cm above the first cutter otch top a cutter, after incision xylem is as deep as 1mm～2mm；In 0 °～15 ° angular under continue cutting, until with the first cutter otch handing-over；Scion bud long incision 0.2cm answered to lower cut comparison formed on described stock～0.3cm；
3. embed: remove stock section, take off the section of scion bud, the section of scion bud is quickly embedded stock otch, and aliging in side, combines closely in lower end to make scion at least ensure that with the cambium layer of stock；
4. colligation: the plastic strip colligation special with grafting is tight.
Described managing after grafting refers to:
Fracture at 2-3cm in A, grafting 7-10d above scion bud xylem by stock, and it is connected to make snap at least retain 1/3 cortex i.e. phloem；
B, the young sprout sent when scion bud grow into more than 15cm, and grow when having 5 one 7 young leaves, then are cut off at 1.5-2.0cm above scion bud by stock, and also referred to as secondary cuts anvil；
After C, secondary cut anvil, use routine techniques management；
The grafting step of T2 time period includes the selection of scion branch, grafting, managing after grafting, wherein,
Grafting step is:
1. scion is cut: scion branch blocks the scion forming 4.0cm～5.0cm mono-section, and every section guarantees a full substantial bud；The upper end of morphology bud is tight with sealing with wax；Vertically cut off at 2.0cm above bud；Splay downwards in 45° angle at the 1.0cm of bottom a cutter, cut xylem, until bottommost；Then at a cutter of splaying in 30 ° of angles downwards at the 2.5cm of bottom, when cutting xylem as deep as 1mm～2mm, then in 0 °～15 ° of angle down-cuttings, until bottommost；The last opposite side relative in above-mentioned cutting face, a cutter of splaying in 20 °～30 ° of angles downwards at the 2.8cm of bottom, cut xylem, until bottommost；
2. stock is cut: select the one side that at distance ground 20.0cm～30.0cm, stock is smooth, stock splayed in 30 ° of angles downwards a cutter by same method, when cutting xylem as deep as 1mm～2mm, again in 0 °～15 ° of angle down-cuttings, stock is formed scion long incision 0.2cm～0.3cm answered to lower cut comparison；
3. insert: quickly scion cut ends is inserted stock otch, and make scion at least ensure that to align, combine closely in side with the cambium layer of stock；
4. colligation: the special plastic strip colligation of rapid grafting is tight；
Described managing after grafting refers to:
Do not water in grafting one week after；Before in early spring, Fructus Persicae bud is sprouted, concordant with scion upper end stock above section is cut off；Growing young sprout after bud is sprouted, every 10d checks once, and the rudiment on stock or young sprout all being removed in time, a healthy and strong young sprout of only selecting and remain in scion, remaining is erased the most in time；Other management are with Routine Management technology.
A kind of anniversary improving survival rate the most according to claim 1 can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling, it is characterised in that the selection of described T1 time period scion branch refers to:
The healthy and strong tree without disease pest and quarantine object, major clique strain of the required kind of choosing makees maternal plant, then on maternal plant, select the annual young sprout of the full substantial stalwartness of sprout, vaned cut after remove blade immediately and leave petiole, scion branch is broken into 50 wisps, fasten kind label, wrap stand-by with wet husky cloth；If scion branch can not use immediately or the same day can not be finished in grafting, need to be erected in the container filling 4.0cm deep water by scion branch base portion down, and be seated at cool place and preserve.
A kind of anniversary improving survival rate the most according to claim 1 can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling, it is characterised in that the selection of described T2 time period scion branch refers to:
The healthy and strong tree without disease pest and quarantine object, major clique strain of the required kind of choosing makees maternal plant, then selects the full substantial annual golden mean of the Confucian school branch of sprout on maternal plant tree, scion branch breaks into 50 wisps, fastens kind label, wraps stand-by with wet husky cloth；If scion can not use immediately or the same day can not be finished in grafting, need to be erected in the container filling 4.0cm deep water by scion branch base portion down, and be seated at cool place and preserve, or be positioned in cellar and husky preserve with wet.
A kind of anniversary improving survival rate the most according to claim 1 can the short-cut method of grafting Fructus Persicae Seedling, it is characterized in that, described stock is selected from the annual of seedling rootstock or nutrition anvil or biennial plan stock kind: described plan stock kind includes that common Fructus Persicae, Prunus davidiana, Gansu Fructus Persicae, Xinjiang Fructus Persicae and Semen Orubu mirae, described common Peach rootstock are agriotype or kind stock；Measure diameter of stock rugosity at described plan stock distance earth's surface 3cm, 1.2cm need to be more than or equal to.
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| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN111165255A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 菏泽学院 | Method for increasing yield of peach trees by wrong fruiting |
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| CN108633601A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | The method of multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in winter greenhouse |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN111165255A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 菏泽学院 | Method for increasing yield of peach trees by wrong fruiting |
| CN111684939A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-22 | 南宁市林业科学研究所 | Grafting method for improving survival rate of checked trees |
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| CN105815120B (en) | 2018-11-23 |
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