CN103250574B - Novel aging mulberry rejuvenation and improvement method capable of allowing yield to be increased in the same year after half-year grafting time - Google Patents
Novel aging mulberry rejuvenation and improvement method capable of allowing yield to be increased in the same year after half-year grafting time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel aging mulberry rejuvenation and improvement method capable of allowing the yield to be increased in the same year after the half-year grafting time, and belongs to the technical field of gardening mulberry cultivation. The method is characterized in that ear buds are inserted in the same direction; winter bud grafting and spring bud grafting are used simultaneously; and sawed pile multi-bud grafting is performed. An improved spring sawed pile bud grafting (ear bud inserting in the same direction and multi-bud grafting) is applied by the method, and a winter skin cutting and bud grafting method is successfully applied to winter and early spring sawed pile bud grafting by using a method of skiving a rough bark of a stock, so that the grafting time is prolonged to half a year during which ear strips are not required to be stored; the number of grafted ear buds of each mulberry is increased from 2-3 to 5-10 by adopting the multi-bud grafting, so that the yield can be increased by 50-200% in the same grafting year, and mulberry tree type cultivation can be accomplished on time; and a grafting body and a stock tree body can be healed tightly and firmly by adopting the ear bud inserting in the same direction, so that the long-term survival rate of the graft body is high. According to the method, the ear bud survival rate is not less than 97%; the mulberry survival rate is not less than 99%; and the method can be widely applied to renewal rejuvenation and variety improvement of aging trees of various mulberry fields, four-edge mulberries, daxing mulberries, coriaria sinia and arbor mulberries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the graft technology of a kind of old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan and improvement, it is characterized in that adopting fringe bud along inserting, Winter-Spring bud grafting by, saw stake polygerm grafting new method, make grafting time extend to half a year and can increase production then, belong to Horticultural mulberry cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Mulberry leaf are the excellent food bred silkworms in rural area.When the mulberry tree age of tree is oversize or mismanagement seriously decays, need " large waist " or grafting rejuvenation.After " large waist " falls and do trunk or a branch, not only the underproduction is serious, and part to be germinateed and dead because dry large skin depth resting bud can not penetrate tertia.Therefore, at present to the old and feeble and tree body mulberry tree without high yield type skeleton structure (namely tree-shaped is bad), usually start to flow at resin, stock cortex adopts after being separated smoothly with Wood Energy and saw stake bud grafting spring and carry out rejuvenating and breed improvement.Sichuan province 3 started grafting the last ten-days period at the beginning of 4 months, and the duration, its method was as follows at most to early and middle ten days in May.
1. saw stake: by the trunk requirement for height of different tree-shaped, select the sawed-off old and feeble mulberry tree in the smooth trunk place without scar of bark to do, saw kerf will smooth and not broken skin.Middle and high dry tree-shaped saws stake on the trunk at liftoff 40-70cm place.
2. cut skin: cut with the equidistant longitudinal direction of sharp electrician's knife is vertical on the surrounding bark of stub saw face, cut out the cortex otch of 2-3 wide 2cm, long 3.3cm, deeply reach xylem but do not hinder xylem, with slot type screwdriver or bamboo chip, incision cortex is pried open, make it be separated with xylem, form 2-3 stock grafting sacks.
3. cut fringe bud: cut fringe bud by " simple and easy bud grafting " (i.e. spring budding) method and requirement three cutter.
4. cuttings bud: pry open grafting sack place cortex, inserts grafting sack central authorities (anti-plug) by fringe bud bevel towards stock cortex, extracts sled skin instrument after being slowly inserted to micro-dew bud point downwards.Each sack interpolation 1 bud, every strain tree grafting 2-3 bud.
5. colligation: with the plastic film tape of wide 1.5cm, from stock otch bottom from bottom to top one circle pressure one enclose colligation, until otch has all been twined, tail end has been passed from last lap film strip and has been strained and fixed, after in stock saw kerf, spread one deck fine earth.
Bud sheet after grafting survival is branched out and is come into leaves, the mulberry tree of middle and high tree-shaped after grafting within the 4th year, again cultivate three grades dry doublings composition tree crowns after namely reach and stablely abound with the phase, realize recovering one's youthful vigour and rejuvenating and the object of improving the breed.
This traditional saw stake budding method has following defect.
1. grafting time is short: the grafting duration to only have more than one less than two months, affects old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan and improvement progress.
2. the grafting mulberry leaf underproduction then: few because transferring budding amount, the aging degree mulberry leaf underproduction 35-65% is looked in grafting then.
3. the long-term survival rate of graft is not high.Because fringe bud bevel just has the formation layer of exposure, fringe bud anti-plug makes it can only heal very well with stock cortex, and almost can not heal with the tree body in stock xylem direction, causing graft and stock to set body heals insecure, often moving branch because of strong wind or mulberry leaf harvest causes branch base portion tear together with stock cortex or fracture, and long-term survival rate is not high.
4. form tree-shaped coverage ratio not high on time.Less because transferring budding amount, as fringe bud or branch are damaged 2 (roots), tree-shaped will be caused to form time lengthening 1 year.After fringe bud or branch damage 3 (roots), easily cause grafting failure even withered.
5. the preservation of fringe bar requires high.Fringe bar need cut before rudiment and be saved in stock rudiment after grafting time use, in longer storage life, all to ensure that fringe bar moisture content is moderate, do not dry up, germinate, go mouldy, otherwise graft survival rate reduce greatly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of traditional old and feeble mulberry tree saw stake budding method, provide a kind of fringe bud along inserting, Winter-Spring bud grafting and saw stake polygerm grafting new method.Prove through large area production practices for many years, this method technology maturation, various special and dual-purpose mulberry field, four limit mulberries, large row mulberry, horse race mulberry, the old and feeble mulberry rejuvenating of arbor mulberry and breed improvement can be widely used in.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is.
1. Winter-Spring bud grafting using: except sawing stake bud grafting (fringe bud along insert, polygerm grafting) spring after application enhancements, also the winter that can only be used for treelet and the less branch grafting of strong tree is in the past cut skin bud grafting method, winter and old and feeble mulberry saw stake bud grafting in early spring is successfully applied to by scraping away the method for the outside tertia (cork) of stock, and fringe bar can be taken care of, with cutting with connecing in dishoarding during this.
2. polygerm grafting: change every strain grafting 2-3 fringe buds for depending on every strain grafting 5-10 the fringe buds of stub size (typically having a diameter from 6-12cm), branch out is doubled and redoubled, volume increase then and graft are damaged on a small quantity and also can be completed tree-shaped on schedule and cultivate.
3. fringe bud is along inserting: change fringe bud anti-plug (bevel inserts towards stock cortex) and insert (bevel inserts towards stock xylem) for suitable, the formation layer making fringe bud bevel form layer and stock xylem direction fits tightly, both sides form a layer injury cell division, produce callus and fill up wound and the conducting tissue differentiating joint portion further, the original conducting tissue of UNICOM both sides, the tree body in graft and stock xylem direction is healed close and firm, combines together, not easily by external force is fractureed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows.
1. greatly extend old and feeble mulberry grafting time: grafting duration from past one wheat harvesting period extends to half a year, and reach more than four months with grafting time in early spring in the winter time, greatly can accelerate old and feeble mulberry transformation progress, promote increasing both production and income.
2. winter and grafting in early spring fringe bar are without the need to storing: in the winter time with grafting in early spring, good Sang Sui bar need not be stored and manage, and save fringe bar and store and keeping recruitment, and with cutting with connecing, fringe bar is fresh, favourable raising graft survival rate.
3. can realize grafting mulberry leaf volume increase then: because grafting current growth bar number ratio conventional method is doubled and redoubled, mulberry leaf 50-200% can be increased production then, next year volume increase mulberry leaf 200-400%, the 3rd year volume increase mulberry leaf 300-800%.
4. graft survival rate is high: after being skilled in technique, and be not less than 97% with the fringe bud survival rate of grafting in early spring in the winter time, strain survival rate is not less than 99%; The fringe bud survival rate of spring grafting is not less than 99.5%, and strain survival rate can reach 99.9-100%.
5. the long-term survival rate of graft is high: change fringe bud anti-plug and insert for suitable, and the fringe bud of grafting and the whole tree body in the branch grown and stock xylem direction heal closely, and in conjunction with firm, combine together, not easily for external force fractures, the long-term survival rate of graft is high.
6. can ensure and form tree-shaped on time: because grafting fringe bud is doubled and redoubled, fringe bud or branch are damaged harmless tree-shaped on a small quantity and are cultivated, and within after middle and high dry tree-shaped grafting the 4th year, can form 3 grades of poles and enter to stablize and abound with the phase and recover one's youthful vigour.
Embodiment
Different according to grafting period, provide two embodiments of this method below.
Example one: winter and early spring resin flowing before embodiment.
The grafting time of this mode is before flowing to resin in early spring after mulberry tree fallen leaves in winter.During this, old and feeble Sang Wei germinates, and stock cortex can not be separated smoothly with wooden, Sichuan province in late November to late March grafting, for up to more than four months.In this phase, good Sang Sui bar can be stored, and with cutting with connecing, fringe bar is fresh, favourable raising survival rate.Because graft just progressively heals with stock after temperature 16 DEG C, so period grafting requires higher than grafting after resin flowing to operating technology.Its method is as follows.
1. saw stake: by the trunk requirement for height of different tree-shaped, select the smooth sawed-off old and feeble mulberry tree in trunk place without scar and free of bark breakage to do, saw kerf will smooth and not broken skin.Middle and high dry tree-shaped saws stake on the trunk at liftoff 40-70cm place.
2. scrape tertia: with sharp electrician's knife, downward along stock stub top saw kerf surrounding cortex, scrape away one section of hard outer tertia (cork) of long 4.5cm, make one section, stub top surrounding all expose inner moccasin (phloem).
3. cut skin: cutter under the smooth place of soft cortex that tertia has been struck off at 1.5cm place below stock saw face, knife face is set level become 45 degree of crosscuts to xylem with stock after by grafting knife, evenly cut the cortex of a length of a film 2cm from the top down, the existing wood of otch does not hinder wood, cortex top 2/5 is outwards cut along cutter, retain bottom 3/5, namely form a grafting otch.Just cut out 1 grafting otch along stock stub tangent plane circumference every 2-2.5cm, the trunk of diameter 6-12cm can 5-10, otch.
4. cut fringe bud: select in the middle part of good Sang Sui bar and enrich the full healthy and strong fringe bud without damage by disease and insect, the first cutter 1cm place and branch below leaf scar are that miter angle crosscut is to xylem.Second cutter cutter under 0.3-0.6cm place above bud point, the edge of a knife and branch are set level the edge of a knife after 30 degree of angles switch to xylem evenly firmly to rub with the hands downwards and cut to the first cutter place, thumb by fringe bud by taking off bud sheet on grafting knife.The bud sheet cut out requires " three select existing, the bud heart is with wood entirely, not " (namely bevel has significantly " three a select rice ", and the fringe bar after bud sheet of pruning is cut the existing wood of mouth and do not hindered wood), and bud sheet bevel is wanted smoothly, cleaned, and it is substantially identical that fringe bud and stock cut skin size.
5. cuttings bud: fringe bud bevel is inserted (along inserting) stock cortex otch towards the wooden direction of stock, each otch inserts 1 fringe bud, every strain grafting 5-10 fringe buds.Fringe bud is with cutting with inserting, and hand is not touched and bud sheet bevel of making dirty, and action is brisk does not wrinkle fringe bud cutting.Fringe bud width and stock kerf width coincide, then bud sheet bevel aligns otch between two parties; Stock otch is wider and fringe bud width is less, then inserted by stock otch by fringe bud, makes the two form layer alignment and combine closely.Fringe bud length is consistent with cortex incision length, fringe bud and cortex otch is held out against up and down; Fringe bud is shorter in length than incision length, then fringe bud and otch bottom are held out against; Fringe bud length is greater than incision length, stock otch top cortex can be cut out one section again and make its length basically identical.
6. colligation: with the firm and solid and wide plastic film tape of the good 1.5cm of elasticity, from stock otch bottom, from bottom to top a circle pressure one encloses take-up strap.After colligation to Sui Ya position, otch top, film strip being walked around bud point makes it expose, continue upwards colligation afterwards all to have been twined by otch, finally film strip tail end is passed beneath from being wrapped in the film strip of last lap trunk and being pulled out, stressed membrane band tail end makes it be fixed on stub.In colligation, film strip can not crack, prevents otch excess moisture from evaporating.Slightly firmly will strain film strip at any time, fringe bud bevel and stock otch are fitted tightly, this is one of key technology improving graft survival rate in winter.As film strip is too thin or aging, can not suitably strain in colligation and colligation is excessively loose, when fringe bud bevel and stock otch can not fit tightly, can at film colligation layer external application fresh mulberry skin or the little rope made of hemp or cloth slightly firmly colligation one deck again, finally on stock saw kerf cross section, spread one deck fine earth, prevent the too fast loss of tree body moisture.
Example two: the embodiment after resin flowing in spring.
This mode after spring, resin started flowing, stock rudiment, cortex carry out grafting when being separated smoothly with Wood Energy, survival rate is very high, but fringe bar need strengthen storage management, prevents it from drying up, goes mouldy, germinates, otherwise will have a strong impact on graft survival rate.Sichuan province 3 last ten-days period by 4 months at the beginning of start grafting, the duration is no more than early and middle ten days in May at the latest.Its method is as follows.
1. saw stake: method and require identical with described in example one.
2. cut skin: on stock stub saw face surrounding bark, with sharp electrician's knife, to face down along stub saw every 2cm and vertically cut the long cutter of 3.3cm, deeply reach xylem but do not hinder xylem, circumferentially forming the otch of some wide 2cm, long 3.3cm at stub saw musculus cutaneus layer.With slot type screwdriver or bamboo chip, circumferentially pry open 1 cortex every 2cm at stub saw musculus cutaneus layer, make it be separated with trunk xylem, form stock grafting sack.The trunk of diameter 6-12cm can form 5-10 grafting sacks.
3. cut fringe bud: except the second cutter at bud point below under the base portion place of bud except cutter, all the other methods and require identical with described in example one, and fringe bud and stock cut skin size without the need to identical.Also fringe bud can be whittled into by " simple and easy bud grafting " method three cutter.
4. cuttings bud: pry open grafting sack place cortex, inserting (along inserting) grafting sack central authorities, extracting sled skin instrument after being inserted to micro-dew bud point downwards towards stock xylem direction by the fringe bud bevel cut.Each sack interpolation 1 bud, 5-10 buds are inserted in every strain.
5. colligation: with the firm and solid and wide plastic film tape of the good 1.5cm of elasticity, from stock otch bottom, after from bottom to top a circle pressure one encloses colligation to trunk saw kerf plane place, film strip tail end is passed from last lap film strip and is strained and fixed, one deck fine earth is spread in stock saw kerf cross section, prevents the too fast loss of tree body moisture.
Management aspect after above-mentioned two kinds of mode graftings wants ben: the film strip not untiing colligation too early, otherwise will have a strong impact on graft survival rate, and especially sawing stake bud grafting winter affects larger.Draw disconnected during the mulberry tree pruning integer in winter then of colligation plastic tape after grafting with cutter.
This illustrates that the method steps such as NM preparation, technical requirement can with reference to relevant textbooks and technical data.
Claims (1)
1. grafting time half a year and the old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan improvement method increased production then, it is characterized in that: comprise the grafting before winter and resin flowing in early spring and the grafting after resin flowing in spring, wherein winter and early spring resin flowing before grafting method be: (1) saw stake: by the trunk requirement for height of different tree-shaped, select the smooth sawed-off old and feeble mulberry tree in trunk place without scar and free of bark breakage to do, saw kerf wants smooth and not broken skin; (2) tertia is scraped: with sharp electrician's knife, downward along stock stub top saw kerf surrounding cortex, scrape away one section of hard outer tertia of long 4.5cm, make one section, stub top surrounding all expose inner moccasin; (3) skin is cut: cutter under the smooth place of soft cortex that tertia has been struck off at 1.5cm place below stock saw face, knife face is set level become 45 degree of crosscuts to xylem with stock after by grafting knife, evenly cut the cortex of a length of a film 2cm from the top down, the existing wood of otch does not hinder wood, cortex top 2/5 is outwards cut along cutter, retain bottom 3/5, namely form a grafting otch, just cut out 1 grafting otch along stock stub tangent plane circumference every 2-2.5cm; (4) fringe bud is cut: select in the middle part of good Sang Sui bar and enrich the full healthy and strong fringe bud without damage by disease and insect, first cutter 1cm place and branch below leaf scar are that miter angle crosscut is to xylem, second cutter cutter under 0.3-0.6cm place above bud point, the edge of a knife and branch are set level the edge of a knife after 30 degree of angles switch to xylem evenly firmly downwards to rub with the hands and cut to the first cutter place, thumb by fringe bud by taking off bud sheet on grafting knife; (5) cuttings bud: fringe bud bevel is inserted stock cortex otch towards the wooden direction of stock, and each otch inserts 1 fringe bud, every strain grafting 5-10 fringe bud; (6) colligation: with the firm and solid and wide plastic film tape of the good 1.5cm of elasticity, from stock otch bottom, from bottom to top a circle pressure one encloses take-up strap; Grafting method after resin flowing in spring is: (1) saw stake: by the trunk requirement for height of different tree-shaped, selects the smooth sawed-off old and feeble mulberry tree in trunk place without scar and free of bark breakage to do, and saw kerf will smooth and not broken skin; (2) skin is cut: on the surrounding bark of stock stub saw face, with sharp electrician's knife, saw along stub the vertical 3.3cm that cuts that faces down every 2cm and grow a cutter, deeply reach xylem but do not hinder xylem, the otch of some wide 2cm, long 3.3cm is circumferentially formed at stub saw musculus cutaneus layer, circumferentially pry open 1 cortex every 2cm with slot type screwdriver or bamboo chip at stub saw musculus cutaneus layer, make it be separated with trunk xylem, form stock grafting sack; (3) cut fringe bud: except the second cutter bud point below under the base portion place of bud cutter and fringe bud and stock cut skin size without the need to except coincideing, all the other cut the method for fringe bud and requirement and flow with resin in early spring winter before grafting method in cut fringe bud method identical; (4) cuttings bud: pry open grafting sack place cortex, inserts grafting sack central authorities by the fringe bud bevel cut towards stock xylem direction, and extract sled skin instrument after being inserted to micro-dew bud point downwards, each sack interpolation 1 bud, 5-10 bud is inserted in every strain; (5) colligation: with the firm and solid and wide plastic film tape of the good 1.5cm of elasticity, from stock otch bottom, after from bottom to top a circle pressure one encloses colligation to trunk saw kerf plane place, film strip tail end is passed from last lap film strip and is strained and fixed, one deck fine earth is spread in stock saw kerf cross section, prevents the too fast loss of tree body moisture.
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| CN103704034A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-09 | 羊和平 | Novel method for winter bud grafting of young and strong mulberry with grafted portion imitating original ecology |
| CN103931424B (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-10-12 | 重庆市大足雅美佳水生花卉有限公司 | A kind of good Sang Su breeding method |
| CN103931425A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-23 | 重庆市大足雅美佳水生花卉有限公司 | Grafting method for mulberry cut pile scion grafting |
| CN104126425B (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-04-13 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | The processing method that a kind of tea tree grafting scion is fresh-keeping |
| CN104365366B (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2017-04-19 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for promoting growth of massin in manganese ore tailings accumulation area |
| CN106613412A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 葡先生(天津)科技有限公司 | Wind and damage resisting method for grapes |
| CN111466216B (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2022-04-22 | 庆城县丰泰果业专业合作社 | Multi-branch inarching one-time forming method for intercropping transformation of sealed apple orchard |
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| US6901696B2 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2005-06-07 | Roy Henry Wiersma | Method of plant propagation using root bark-grafting to sections |
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| CN101796911A (en) * | 2010-03-21 | 2010-08-11 | 四川省丝绸科学研究院 | Mulberry panicle-sprout grafting-cuttage seedling raising method |
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