CN103250574A - Novel aging mulberry rejuvenation and improvement method capable of allowing yield to be increased in the same year after half-year grafting time - Google Patents
Novel aging mulberry rejuvenation and improvement method capable of allowing yield to be increased in the same year after half-year grafting time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel aging mulberry rejuvenation and improvement method capable of allowing the yield to be increased in the same year after the half-year grafting time, and belongs to the technical field of gardening mulberry cultivation. The method is characterized in that ear buds are inserted in the same direction; winter bud grafting and spring bud grafting are used simultaneously; and sawed pile multi-bud grafting is performed. An improved spring sawed pile bud grafting (ear bud inserting in the same direction and multi-bud grafting) is applied by the method, and a winter skin cutting and bud grafting method is successfully applied to winter and early spring sawed pile bud grafting by using a method of skiving a rough bark of a stock, so that the grafting time is prolonged to half a year during which ear strips are not required to be stored; the number of grafted ear buds of each mulberry is increased from 2-3 to 5-10 by adopting the multi-bud grafting, so that the yield can be increased by 50-200% in the same grafting year, and mulberry tree type cultivation can be accomplished on time; and a grafting body and a stock tree body can be healed tightly and firmly by adopting the ear bud inserting in the same direction, so that the long-term survival rate of the graft body is high. According to the method, the ear bud survival rate is not less than 97%; the mulberry survival rate is not less than 99%; and the method can be widely applied to renewal rejuvenation and variety improvement of aging trees of various mulberry fields, four-edge mulberries, daxing mulberries, coriaria sinia and arbor mulberries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the graft technology of a kind of old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan and improvement, it is characterized in that adopting the fringe bud along insert, Winter-Spring bud grafting and with, a saw stake polygerm grafting new method, make grafting time extend to half a year and can increase production then, belong to gardening class mulberry cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Mulberry leaf are good feeds of breeding silkworms in the rural area.Oversize or mismanagement needs " big waist " or grafting rejuvenation when seriously decaying when the mulberry tree age of tree." big waist " fallen and done after trunk or one does, and not only the underproduction is serious, and part can not penetrate the tertia death of germinateing because doing big skin depth resting bud.Therefore, at present old and feeble and tree body are not had the mulberry tree of high yield type skeleton structure (namely the tree type is bad), begin to flow at resin usually, the stock cortex adopts a saw stake bud grafting in spring to upgrade rejuvenation and breed improvement with the wooden back of separating smoothly.Begin grafting at the beginning of 3 last ten-days period to 4 of Sichuan area month, the duration, its method was as follows at most to the early and middle ten days in May.
1. saw stake: by the trunk requirement for height of different tree types, select the sawed-off old and feeble mulberry tree in trunk place of the smooth no scar of bark to do, saw kerf is wanted smooth and not broken skin.Middle and high dried tree type is in the trunk saw stake at liftoff 40-70cm place.
2. cut skin: bark is cut with equidistant vertically the standing of sharp electrician's knife around stub saw face, cut out the cortex otch of 2-3 wide 2cm, long 3.3cm, reach xylem deeply but do not hinder xylem, with slot type screwdriver or bamboo chip the incision cortex is pried open, it is separated with xylem, form 2-3 stock grafting sacks.
3. cut the fringe bud: cut the fringe bud by " simple and easy bud grafting " (being spring budding) method and requirement three cuttves.
4. plugged ear bud: pry open grafting sack place cortex, fringe bud bevel is inserted grafting sack central authorities (anti-inserting) towards the stock cortex, extract sled skin instrument after slowly being inserted to little dew bud point downwards.Each sack interpolation 1 bud, every strain tree grafting 2-3 buds.
5. colligation: with the plastic film tape of wide 1.5cm, from bottom to top a circle is pressed a circle colligation from stock otch bottom, up to otch has all been twined, tail end passed under the last lap film band is strained and fixed, and then spreads one deck fine earth in the stock saw kerf.
Bud sheet behind the grafting survival is branched out and is come into leaves, and the mulberry tree of middle and high tree type the 4th year after the grafting cultivated again and namely reached stable abounding with the phase after three grades dry doublings are formed tree crowns, realizes recovering one's youthful vigour and the purpose upgrading rejuvenation and improve the breed.
This traditional saw stake budding method has following defective.
1. grafting time is short: the grafting duration had only more than one less than two months, influenced old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan and improvement progress.
2. the grafting mulberry leaf underproduction then: because grafting bud number is few, the aging degree mulberry leaf underproduction 35-65% is looked in grafting then.
3. the long-term survival rate of graft is not high.The formation layer that exposure is just arranged because of fringe bud bevel, the fringe bud instead insert make its can only with the fine healing of stock cortex, and almost can not heal with the tree body of stock xylem direction, cause the healing of graft and stock tree body insecure, often move branch because of strong wind or mulberry leaf harvest and cause the branch base portion to tear with the stock cortex or fracture, long-term survival rate is not high.
4. to form tree type coverage ratio not high on time.Less because of grafting bud number, as fringe bud or 2 (root) of branch damage, will cause the tree type to form time lengthening 1 year.After fringe bud or branch are damaged 3 (roots), easily cause grafting failure even withered.
5. the fringe bar is preserved and is required height.The fringe bar needs to cut before rudiment when being saved in after the stock rudiment grafting and uses, and will guarantee that all fringe bar moisture content is moderate in long storage life, do not dry up, germinate, go mouldy, otherwise graft survival rate reduces greatly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of traditional old and feeble mulberry tree saw stake budding method, provide a kind of fringe bud along insert, the saw stake polygerm grafting new method of Winter-Spring bud grafting and usefulness.Prove that through large tracts of land production practices for many years this method technology maturation can be widely used in old and feeble Sang Gengxin rejuvenation and the breed improvement of various special uses and dual-purpose mulberry field, four limit mulberries, capable greatly mulberry, horse race mulberry, arbor mulberry.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is.
1. the Winter-Spring bud grafting is also used: the saw stake bud grafting in spring (the fringe bud is along slotting, polygerm grafting) after application enhancements, also will can only be used for treelet and strong tree in the past than cutting the skin bud grafting method winter of the dried grafting of ramuscule, successfully be applied to the old and feeble mulberry saw stake bud grafting of winter and early spring by the method that scrapes away the outside tertia of stock (cork), but and fringe bar dishoarding keeping during this, with cutting with connecing.
2. polygerm grafting: (typically have a diameter from 5-10 fringe buds of 6-12cm) every strain graftings, branch out is doubled and redoubled, volume increase and a small amount of damage of graft then also can be finished the tree type on schedule and cultivate in order to look the stub size to change 2-3 fringe buds of every strain grafting.
3. the fringe bud is along inserting: changing fringe bud anti-slotting (bevel inserts towards the stock cortex) is along inserting (bevel is towards the insertion of stock xylem), fringe bud bevel formation layer and the formation layer of stock xylem direction are fitted tightly, both sides form a layer injury cell division, produce the conducting tissue that callus fills up wound and further differentiates the joint portion, the original conducting tissue of the both sides of UNICOM, make the tree body healing close and firm of graft and stock xylem direction, combine together, be difficult for being fractureed by external force.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows.
1. prolong old and feeble mulberry grafting time greatly: grafting duration from past one wheat harvesting period extends to half a year, and in the winter time with early spring grafting time reach more than four months, can accelerate old and feeble mulberry greatly and transform progress, promote increasing both production and income.
2. winter and grafting in early spring fringe bar need not to store: in the winter time with the grafting in early spring, good Sang Sui bar need not be stored and manage, and save the storage of fringe bar and keeping recruitment, and with cutting with connecing, the fringe bar is fresh, favourable raising graft survival rate.
3. can realize grafting mulberry leaf volume increase then: because of grafting then branch quantity be doubled and redoubled than conventional method, can increase production mulberry leaf 50-200% then, next year volume increase mulberry leaf 200-400%, the 3rd year volume increase mulberry leaf 300-800%.
4. graft survival rate height: after being skilled in technique, the fringe bud survival rate with the grafting in early spring is not less than 97% in the winter time, and the strain survival rate is not less than 99%; The fringe bud survival rate of spring grafting is not less than 99.5%, and the strain survival rate can reach 99.9-100%.
5. the long-term survival rate height of graft: change the fringe bud and instead insert to along inserting, the whole tree body healing of the fringe bud of grafting and the branch that grows and stock xylem direction closely in conjunction with firm, combines together, and is difficult for external force fractures, the long-term survival rate height of graft.
6. can ensure the tree type of on time forming: because grafting fringe bud is doubled and redoubled, the harmless tree type of a small amount of damage of fringe bud or branch is cultivated, and can form 3 grades of poles on the 4th year after the grafting of middle and high dried tree type and enter and stablely abound with the phase and recover one's youthful vigour.
Embodiment
According to the grafting period difference, provide two embodiments of this method below.
Example one: the embodiment before winter and early spring, resin flowed.
The grafting time of this mode is mulberry tree fallen leaves back before resin flows to early spring in winter.Old and feeble Sang Wei germinates during this, and the stock cortex can not separate smoothly with wooden, and the late March grafting is arrived in late November in the area, Sichuan, for up to more than four months.Good Sang Sui bar can be stored in this phase, and with cutting with connecing, the fringe bar is fresh, favourable raising survival rate.Because of graft behind 16 ℃ of temperature just progressively with the stock healing, so during grafting operating technology is required than the resin back grafting height that flows.Its method is as follows.
1. saw stake: by the trunk requirement for height of different tree types, select the sawed-off old and feeble mulberry tree in trunk place of smooth no scar and free of bark breakage to do, saw kerf is wanted smooth and not broken skin.Middle and high dried tree type is in the trunk saw stake at liftoff 40-70cm place.
2. scrape tertia: with sharp electrician's knife, cortex is downward all around along stock stub top saw kerf, scrapes away one section hard outer tertia (cork) of long 4.5cm, makes stub top all expose inner moccasin (phloem) all around for one section.
3. cut skin: struck off cutter under the smooth place of soft cortex of tertia at 1.5cm place below the distance stock saw face, grafting knife becomes 45 degree crosscuts behind xylem knife face to be set level with stock, evenly cut the cortex of a length of a film 2cm from the top down, the existing wood of otch is not hindered wood, outwards cut cortex top 2/5 along cutter, keep bottom 3/5, namely form a grafting otch.Just cut out 1 grafting otch along stock stub tangent plane circumference every 2-2.5cm, but 5-10 at the trunk otch of diameter 6-12cm.
4. cut the fringe bud: select good Sang Sui bar middle part to enrich the fringe bud of full healthy and strong no damage by disease and insect, first cutter 1cm place and branch below leaf scar are the miter angle crosscut and arrive xylem.Second cutter is cutter under 0.3-0.6cm place above the bud point, and the edge of a knife and branch are 30 degree angles and switch to and set level the edge of a knife behind the xylem and evenly firmly rub with the hands downwards and cut to the first cutter place, thumb with the fringe bud by take off the bud sheet at grafting knife.The bud sheet of cutting out requires " three select existing, the bud heart entirely, is not with wood " (be that bevel has significantly " three a select rice ", the fringe bar behind the bud sheet of pruning is cut mouthful existing wood and do not hindered wood), and bud sheet bevel will be smoothly, clean, and it is identical substantially that fringe bud and stock are cut the skin size.
5. plugged ear bud: fringe bud bevel is inserted (along inserting) stock cortex otch towards the wooden direction of stock, and each otch is inserted 1 fringe bud, 5-10 fringe buds of every strain grafting.The fringe bud is with cutting with inserting, and hand is not touched and the bud sheet bevel of making dirty, moves briskly the fringe bud cutting not to be wrinkled.Fringe bud width and stock kerf width coincide, and then bud sheet bevel aligns otch between two parties; The stock otch is wideer and fringe bud width is less, on one side then the fringe bud is inserted by the stock otch, makes the two form layer alignment and combines closely.Fringe bud length is consistent with the cortex incision length, and fringe bud and cortex otch are held out against up and down; The fringe bud is shorter in length than incision length, then fringe bud and otch bottom is held out against; Fringe bud length can cut out one section again with stock otch top cortex and make its length basically identical greater than incision length.
6. colligation: with the firm and solid and elasticity wide plastic film tape of 1.5cm preferably, from stock otch bottom, from bottom to top a circle is pressed a circle take-up strap.Colligation is to fringe bud position, otch top, the film band is walked around the bud point exposes it, continue upwards colligation afterwards otch has all been twined, pass and pull out below the film band of film magnetic tape trailer end last lap on being wrapped in trunk at last, stressed membrane magnetic tape trailer end is fixed on the stub it.The film band can not crack in the colligation, prevents the evaporation of otch excess moisture.Will be at any time stressed membrane band slightly firmly, fringe bud bevel and stock otch are fitted tightly, this is one of key technology of raising graft survival rate in winter.Too thin or aging as the film band, can not suitably strain in the colligation and colligation is loose excessively, when fringe bud bevel and stock otch can not fit tightly, can be at the bright mulberry skin of film colligation layer external application or the little rope made of hemp or cloth colligation one deck slightly firmly again, spread one deck fine earth in stock saw kerf cross section at last, prevent from setting the too fast loss of body moisture.
Example two: the embodiment after spring, resin flowed.
This mode is carried out grafting in spring when resin begins mobile back, stock rudiment, cortex with wooden can the separation smoothly, and survival rate is very high, but the fringe bar need be strengthened storage management, prevents that it from drying up, go mouldy, germinateing, otherwise will have a strong impact on graft survival rate.The area, Sichuan begins grafting at the beginning of 3 last ten-days period to 4 month, the duration is no more than the early and middle ten days in May at the latest.Its method is as follows.
1. saw stake: method and requirement and example one are described identical.
2. cut skin: on bark around the stock stub saw face, with sharp electrician's knife,, reach xylem deeply but do not hinder xylem along the stub saw upright long cutter of 3.3cm of cutting that faces down every 2cm, at the otch of stub saw musculus cutaneus layer circumference formation some wide 2cm, long 3.3cm.With slot type screwdriver or bamboo chip, on stub saw musculus cutaneus layer circumference, pry open 1 cortex every 2cm, it is separated with the trunk xylem, form the stock grafting sack.The trunk of diameter 6-12cm can form 5-10 grafting sacks.
3. cut the fringe bud: except second cutter bud point following near cutter under the base portion place of bud, all the other methods and requirement and example one are described identical, and fringe bud and stock are cut the skin size and be need not to coincide.Also can be whittled into the fringe bud by " simple and easy bud grafting " method three cuttves.
4. plugged ear bud: pry open grafting sack place cortex, the fringe bud bevel of cutting is inserted (along inserting) grafting sack central authorities towards stock xylem direction, extract sled skin instrument after being inserted to little dew bud point downwards.Each sack interpolation 1 bud, 5-10 buds are inserted in every strain.
5. colligation: with the firm and solid and elasticity wide plastic film tape of 1.5cm preferably, from stock otch bottom, from bottom to top a circle presses a circle colligation to place, trunk saw kerf plane, film magnetic tape trailer end passed under the last lap film band be strained and fixed, spread one deck fine earth in stock saw kerf cross section, prevent from setting the too fast loss of body moisture.
Management aspect after the above-mentioned dual mode grafting wants ben: do not untie the film band of colligation too early, otherwise will have a strong impact on graft survival rate, especially winter, saw stake bud grafting influence was bigger.Draw disconnected getting final product with cutter during mulberry tree pruning in the winter then integer of colligation plastic tape after grafting.
This illustrates method steps such as NM preparation, specification requirement can be with reference to relevant textbook and technical data.
Claims (4)
1. the old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan improvement new method of grafting time half a year and volume increase then is characterized in that: adopt the fringe bud along insert, Winter-Spring bud grafting and with, a saw stake polygerm grafting new method, make grafting time extend to half a year and can increase production then.
2. the old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan according to the described grafting time of claim 1 half a year and volume increase then improves new method, it is characterized in that: the fringe bud is along inserting, be that fringe bud bevel inserts the stock grafting otch towards stock xylem direction, formation layer and stock formation layer that fringe bud bevel is exposed fit tightly, graft and stock are set body healing close and firm, are combined together, be difficult for being fractureed by external force, thereby improve the long-term survival rate of graft.
3. the old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan according to the described grafting time of claim 1 half a year and volume increase then improves new method, it is characterized in that: the Winter-Spring bud grafting is also used, namely (the fringe bud is along inserting except saw stake bud grafting in the spring after the application enhancements, the polygerm grafting) outside, also will can only be used for treelet and strong tree in the past than cutting the skin bud grafting method winter of the dried grafting of ramuscule, by the method that scrapes away the stock tertia it is successfully applied to old and feeble mulberry saw stake bud grafting, grafting time is extended more than four months with early spring in the winter time, accelerate old and feeble mulberry greatly and transform progress, and fringe bar need not store during this, save and store the keeping recruitment, can be with cutting with connecing, the fringe bar is fresh, favourable raising graft survival rate.
4. the old and feeble Sang Fuzhuan according to the described grafting time of claim 1 half a year and volume increase then improves new method, it is characterized in that: the grafting of saw stake polygerm, namely changing 2-3 fringe buds of the tradition saw stake every strain grafting of bud grafting is that the stub size of looking the old and feeble mulberry in saw stake back (typically has a diameter from 5-10 fringe buds of 6-12cm) every strain graftings, make grafting then the branch number be doubled and redoubled, grafting can be increased production mulberry leaf 50-200% then, and when damaging on a small quantity, fringe bud and its branch out can not postpone tree type incubation time yet, can finish the tree type on schedule and cultivate, old and feeble mulberry is recovered one's youthful vigour and upgrade rejuvenation and improve the breed.
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| CN103931424A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-23 | 重庆市大足雅美佳水生花卉有限公司 | Fast cultivation method for good mulberry trees |
| CN103931425A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-23 | 重庆市大足雅美佳水生花卉有限公司 | Grafting method for mulberry cut pile scion grafting |
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| CN106613412A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 葡先生(天津)科技有限公司 | Wind and damage resisting method for grapes |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103704034A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-09 | 羊和平 | Novel method for winter bud grafting of young and strong mulberry with grafted portion imitating original ecology |
| CN103931424A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-07-23 | 重庆市大足雅美佳水生花卉有限公司 | Fast cultivation method for good mulberry trees |
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| CN104126425A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-11-05 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for conducting freshness retaining on tea tree grafting scion |
| CN104126425B (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-04-13 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | The processing method that a kind of tea tree grafting scion is fresh-keeping |
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| CN106613412A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 葡先生(天津)科技有限公司 | Wind and damage resisting method for grapes |
| CN111466216A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-07-31 | 庆城县丰泰果业专业合作社 | Multi-branch inarching one-time forming method for intercropping transformation of sealed apple orchard |
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Effective date of registration: 20190606 Address after: 221600 West of Hankang Road, Peixian Economic Development Zone, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Xuzhou Yunyi Nonwoven Products Co., Ltd. Address before: Room 120, 51 Fengyong Street, Bengbu City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Anhui Wanli Patent Evaluation Technology Co., Ltd. |