CN103704034A - Novel method for winter bud grafting of young and strong mulberry with grafted portion imitating original ecology - Google Patents
Novel method for winter bud grafting of young and strong mulberry with grafted portion imitating original ecology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel method for winter bud grafting of young and strong mulberry with a grafted portion imitating original ecology, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural mulberry cultivation. The method is characterized in that a traditional winter bark cutting bud grafting method is changed, wherein according to the traditional method, 2-3 buds are grafted in different directions on a horizontal height on the upper portion of a young mulberry trunk or one bud is grafted on each branch 3.3-6.6cm above the root of one branch of the young mulberry or roots of two or three branches of a strong mulberry; according to the novel method, the grafted portion is selected by imitating the original ecology position of a mulberry bud, the distance between an upper grafted bud and a lower grafted bud is 7cm, 3-4 buds are grafted on each plant in different positions from the upper portion of the trunk, or 2-3 buds are grafted on the periphery in different positions from the upper portion of each complete branch, the spreading range of the branches is large after the buds survive, the positions are good, distribution is uniform, and directions are reasonable. Compared with the traditional grafting method, the tree crown area in the same year is increased by 173.9%, the yield of mulberry leaves is increased by 45.6-98.9%, shaping production time is shortened by a year, and the method can be widely applied to improvement of young and strong trees of various mulberry fields, four-edge mulberries, large-ridge mulberries and coriaria sinia except non-trunk mulberries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the winter budding technology of the strong mulberry tree of a kind of children, it is characterized in that the walk back and forth polygerm grafting new method of ecosystem of a kind of panicle-sprout grafting position, can expand tree crown, increase production mulberry leaf, propose sizing the previous year and go into operation, belong to agriculture mulberry cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Under equal conditions, good mulberry ratio grow directly from seeds mulberry can increase production several times to tens times and the food value of leaf good.Grafting improved mulberry races is the important channel of realizing good mulberryization.Cut winter during skin bud grafting on the occasion of winter slack, grafting time is long, and fringe bar need not be stored, and than spring, the every strain grafting of simpler and easy bud grafting bud number is many, has become the strong grafting improved main method of mulberry of current children, and its main points and basic skills are as follows.
1. grafting time: the grafting time of cutting skin bud grafting winter is (fine day or the cloudy day) before germinateing to spring after mulberry tree fallen leaves, and Sichuan province is in March late November to next year, wherein the highest with the graft survival rate in March late December to next year.
2. fringe bar choosing is adopted: during grafting, on the improved seeds mulberry tree of reserved branch, choosing is adopted robust growth, anosis worm, hibernaculum are fullly enriched, thickness is moderate annotinous branch as fringe bar, now adopts existing use.If from other places allocation and transportation fringe bar, should shorten and adopt the storage time as far as possible, do transportation and storage management well, prevent that the dehydration of fringe bar is withered, keep fringe bar fresh.
3. grafting part and the quantity of buddering: after field planting, the tree type of mulberry tree is cultivated, according to the difference of mulberry field or mulberry tree type have high level cadre, in dry, low dry, without dry (mulberry) minute, it is main, the branch number of plies is not identical with length yet.During grafting, after field planting, the treelet of 1-2 years is being determined the stock trunk top of tree type (place of the first branch branching) 2 fringe buds of the every strain grafting in level height position.After field planting for many years transformation, trunk more slightly but do not cultivate the every strain of treelet of branch can 3 fringe buds of grafting.The sturdy treelet of a branch and branch and in type strong tree have been cultivated, at the outer position grafting of 3.3-6.6 centimetres above treelet one branch or strong tree two, three branch base portion jag places, 1 fringe bud of grafting in every branch.
4. stock is cut skin: when the grafting of treelet trunk top, grafting knife and stock are miter angle crosscut and after xylem, knife face are set level, evenly cut from the top down the cortex of a length of a film 2cm, the existing wood of otch is not hindered wood, along cutter, outwards cut cortex top 3/5, retain bottom 2/5, form first grafting otch.Right opposite with same method in first otch level height cuts another 1 grafting otch (2 fringe buds of every strain grafting) again, or the position of the 120 degree central angles of being often separated by the peripheral circumferential level height of trunk top just cuts out 1 grafting otch (3 fringe buds of every strain grafting); On cultivating treelet one branch of branch or in type strong tree two, three branchs during grafting, with same method, every of the outer position pole of 3.3-6.6 centimetres above branch base portion jag place, cut out 1 grafting otch.
5. cut fringe bud: select good Sang Sui bar middle part to enrich full stalwartness without the fringe bud of damage by disease and insect, the first cutter 1cm place and branch below leaf scar are miter angle crosscut and arrive xylem.The second cutter is cutter under 0.3-0.6cm place above bud point, and the edge of a knife and branch are 30 degree angles and switch to and set level the edge of a knife after xylem and evenly firmly rub with the hands and cut to the first cutter place downwards, thumb by fringe bud by take off bud sheet on grafting knife.The bud sheet of cutting out requires " three select existing, the bud heart entirely, is not with wood " (being that bevel will have significantly " three a select rice "), and bud sheet bevel is wanted smoothly, not foundry loam, water, dirt, and it is substantially identical that fringe bud and stock are cut skin size.
6. cuttings bud: fringe bud bevel is inserted to stock cortex otch towards the wooden direction of stock, and each otch is inserted 1 fringe bud.Hand is not touched and the bud sheet bevel of making dirty, with cutting with inserting, fringe bud cutting is not wrinkled.Fringe bud width and stock kerf width coincide, and bud sheet bevel aligns otch between two parties; Stock otch, compared with wide and fringe bud width is less, on one side fringe bud is inserted by stock otch, makes the two form layer alignment.Fringe bud length is consistent with cortex incision length, and fringe bud and stock cortex otch are held out against up and down; Fringe bud is shorter in length than stock incision length, fringe bud and otch bottom is held out against; Fringe bud length is greater than incision length, stock otch top cortex can be excised again to one section or one section of bud sheet undercut, makes the two length basically identical.On treelet trunk during grafting, 2-3 fringe buds of every strain grafting.On cultivating treelet one branch of branch or in type strong tree two, three branchs during grafting, 1 fringe bud of grafting in every branch.
7. tie up: with the firm and solid and wide plastic film tape of the good 1.5cm of elasticity, from stock otch bottom, from bottom to top a circle is pressed a circle colligation.Colligation is to Sui Ya position, otch top, film strip is walked around to bud point exposes it, continue afterwards upwards colligation otch all twined, finally by below the film strip of film strip tail end last lap from being wrapped in trunk through going and pulling out, stressed membrane band tail end is fixed on trunk it.In colligation, film strip can not crack, to prevent the evaporation of otch excess moisture.In colligation, to slightly firmly strain at any time film strip, fringe bud bevel and stock otch are fitted tightly.
8. cut anvil: tie up after end, with mulberry, cut or mulberry saw 3.3-5cm place above grafting otch top cuts off or saw stock trunk or pole top.Note evenly firmly, making clip or saw kerf level and smooth, prevent that trunk or pole are wooden and cortex damaged.
9. the management after grafting: (1) is mended and to be connect: check after grafting first quarter moon, as fullly in fringe bud bud bud enrich, bud sheet is fresh, bag is adjacent to reality, just Second Year can germinate and survive spring.As soft in fringe bud bud bud, bud sheet is shrivelled, bevel and interface blackening, can not survive, should mend and connect; (2) remove anvil bud: after germination, remove in time the mulberry bud that grows directly from seeds sending on stock; (3) prevent that people and animals and insect pest from damaging: prevent the artificial colligation film strip of removing too early, prevent from that people and animals from trampleing on to damage fringe bud and good mulberry branch, by artificial capture method or medicine, kill and prevent that insect from gnawing fringe bud; (4) good mulberry branch is rolled in anti-large wind: adminicle in addition in good time, and avoid the tender tip having survived to be wrecked by wind and rain; (5) the first young picking leaves after treelet grafting: connect the preferably not picking leaves of rear First Year, if want the per season branch of picking leaves top to stay leaf to be no less than 6-8.
Cut skin budding method this traditional winter following defect.
1. tree crown expansion amplitude is little: do not cultivate excurrent treelet, fringe bud at the same level At The Height on trunk top along the grafting of stock trunk peripheral circumferential, the angle of making a slit or vent between the branch growing after surviving is little, can not fully to surrounding is peripheral, launch, crown diameter and tree crown area are less, can not make full use of space and luminous energy, the skeleton structure that is unfavorable for promoting mulberry tree vigorous growth and cultivates as early as possible high yield type.And because branches and leaves are crowded, ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor, easily grows damage by disease and insect.
2. sizing production time postpones 1 year: do not cultivate excurrent treelet, fringe bud at trunk same level At The Height along the grafting of stock trunk peripheral circumferential, the first branch that after grafting, First Year branch in winter becomes after pruning angle of making a slit or vent is inadequate, trunk is opened up not opened, can not turn out then a qualified branch, again the angle of making a slit or vent of selecting and remain in the new branch that must grow in a branch middle and lower part during winter at Second Year is large, direction distributes rational branch as an excurrent part, clip one section, a former branch top, one section of base portion that adds the shoot bar of selecting and remain with one section of a former branch bottom reconstitutes a branch together, thereby cause tree type to cultivate and the time delay of going into operation a year of shaping.In like manner, the treelet of grafting and second in a branch, the strong tree of grafting in three branchs, because of 3.3-6.6 centimeters graftings and 1 fringe bud of every branch on grafting above branch base portion jag place, in every branch, only has 1 good mulberry branch, grafting then former branch retains very short and can not be as complete one deck branch, can only with grafting survival after one section of base portion of good mulberry branch in grafting, jointly form new one deck branch winter then, can not in original branch number of plies, newly cultivate in addition then one deck branch in grafting, make equally the time delay 1 year that sizing goes into operation.
3. the number of buddering is few, amount of increase in production is limited then: because of grafting on the peripheral same level height of trunk circumferential position, otch and fringe bud are crowded, after field planting, the every strain of the treelet of 1-2 years can only 2 fringe buds of grafting, after field planting, do not improve for many years trunk more slightly but do not form excurrent treelet can only 3 fringe buds of grafting, excurrent treelet or in type strong tree have been cultivated at 1 fringe bud of every branch on grafting, because of grafting fringe bud few, treelet then amount of increase in production is limited, and strong tree then also can the underproduction 50-60%.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to tradition the deficiency of the strong tree method of skin bud grafting improvement children, the polygerm grafting new method that provides a kind of panicle-sprout grafting position to walk back and forth ecosystem are provided winter.Through large area production practices for many years, prove, this method mature and reliable, graft survival rate and traditional winter are cut skin bud grafting method without any difference, but can increase grafting fringe bud quantity, expand tree crown, increase production mulberry leaf, propose the previous year sizing and go into operation, and be widely used in except the children without the various mulberry fields of dry mulberry (mulberry), four limit mulberries, large row mulberry, the mulberry of having a ride on a horse strengthen set grafting improved.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is.
1. the panicle-sprout grafting position of the ecosystem of walking back and forth: this method changes tradition and cuts skin bud grafting winter in the grafting part preference pattern of not cultivating 1 fringe bud of the every branch grafting in 3.3-6.6 outer positions of centimeters above young mulberry trunk upper level height 2-3 fringe buds of different azimuth grafting of branch or second and third branch base portion of a branch of having cultivated treelet or strong mulberry, adopts the growth position that imitates mulberry bud ecosystem on mulberry branch to select the grafting part of fringe bud.Between all grafting fringe buds, all pull open up and down the distance of 7cm, and in treelet trunk top surrounding or the complete selected grafting part of the peripheral equally distributed different azimuth in pole top of length.On not cultivating the treelet of branch during grafting, according to the requirement of difference tree type, at definite stock trunk topmost, first determine the graft position of first fringe bud, then by downwards each at a distance of 7cm, and on the peripheral top view circumference of trunk left (or to the right) every 90 degree (grafting 4 buds) or 120 degree (grafting 3 buds) angle of circumference sequence of positions, determine the grafting part of all the other fringe buds downwards.Cultivated the sturdy young mulberry of a branch and branch in the first branch grafting or in type strong tree in second and third branch during grafting, the complete branch that retains predetermined length, first at stock branch topmost, determine the graft position of first fringe bud, then choose from the top down the grafting part of all the other fringe buds, between each fringe bud up and down at a distance of 7cm, and determine altogether the graft position of 2-3 fringe buds in the different azimuth by trunk periphery, as far as possible not at branch inner side (pith direction) grafting fringe bud.
2. polygerm grafting: adopt behind the panicle-sprout grafting position of the ecosystem of walking back and forth, because having pulled open up and down larger distance between panicle-sprout grafting position, there is not grafting otch congested problem, every strain can the some fringe buds of grafting in theory, but because main purpose between tree type culture period is not that picking leaves is bred silkworms, but cultivate high yield type skeleton structure, should not retain too many branch and disperse nutrition, although therefore this method adopts polygerm grafting, every strain or every branch are buddered several and are increased by 1-2 fringe buds than conventional method.On young mulberry trunk, during grafting, with 3-4 of every strain grafting fringe buds, be advisable; While carrying out grafting on cultivating a branch for branch treelet or in second and third branch of molded strong tree, with 2-3 fringe buds of grafting in every branch, be advisable.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows.
1. proposing sizing the previous year goes into operation: the panicle-sprout grafting position that adopts the ecosystem of walking back and forth, make all to have pulled open up and down between fringe bud 7cm distance, and grafting fringe bud is evenly distributed in the peripheral circumferential of trunk or pole, direction is reasonable, therefore the good mulberry branch growing after grafting survival is carried out, amplitude is large, position good, be evenly distributed, direction is reasonable, favourablely forms as early as possible good tree type.Do not form excurrent treelet grafting and just can cultivate a branch winter then, cultivate excurrent treelet grafting and just can cultivate two branchs winter then, the grafting of the strong tree of moulding just can be cultivated three, four branchs then winter, all than conventional method, proposes sizing the previous year and goes into operation.
2. promote that mulberry tree well grows.The panicle-sprout grafting position preference pattern of the ecosystem of walking back and forth, make good mulberry branch after grafting survival carry out amplitude large, be evenly distributed, direction is reasonable, grafting increases 65.5% than conventional method crown diameter then, tree crown enlarged areas 173.9%, ventilation and penetrating light between branches and leaves, can reduce damage by disease and insect, and be conducive to mulberry tree and make full use of the resources such as space and luminous energy, promote its vigorous growth.
3. increase grafting fringe bud quantity, amount of increase in production is large then: the panicle-sprout grafting position of the ecosystem of walking back and forth is selected, because all having pulled open up and down larger distance between grafting otch, there is not grafting otch congested problem, make grafting fringe bud number be increased to 3-4 of every strains by 1 of 2-3 or every branch of every strain of conventional method or every 2-3 of branch (also can increase more, but unnecessary), after grafting survival, on trunk, the every strain branch of the treelet of grafting quantity increases by 50-100% than conventional method, on pole, the branch quantity of every branch of the strong tree of the children of grafting increases by 100-200% than conventional method.In addition branch and branch carry out amplitude large, be evenly distributed, direction is reasonable, be conducive to mulberry tree and make full use of the resources such as space and luminous energy, promote vigorous growth, under equal conditions, the treelet grafting of grafting on trunk increases by 42.6-96.8% than the total bar of conventional method is long then, and mulberry yield increases by 45.6-98.9%.In branch, the strong tree of the children of grafting is increased production then mulberry leaf than conventional method grafting and can reach 95-198%.
Embodiment
This method with cut that the choosing of the grafting time of skin bud grafting method, good Sang Sui bar is adopted traditional winter, management method after grafting is identical with specification requirement.According to the difference of graft position, provide two embodiments of this method below.
Example one: at the embodiment of not cultivating grafting on the young mulberry trunk of branch.
1. stock is cut skin: the basic skills of cutting is identical with conventional method with specification requirement, and just grafting part is different.According to the trunk length requirement of difference tree type, at definite treelet trunk topmost, first cut out first grafting otch, again downward 7cm and with first otch on the peripheral top view circumference of stock trunk left (or to the right) be separated by position of 120 degree angles of circumference cut out second grafting otch, then apart from second downward 7cm of otch and with the second otch, at the peripheral top view circumference of stock trunk, cutting out the 3rd grafting otch in (or to the right) be separated by position of 120 degree angles of circumference more left.As thicker in treelet trunk, when every strain can 4 fringe buds of grafting, on trunk top, first cut first grafting otch, then every downwards at a distance of 7cm, and on the peripheral top view circumference of stock trunk, (or to the right) every position at a distance of 90 degree angles of circumference just cuts 1 grafting otch left, and order cuts 4 grafting otch from the top down.
2. cut fringe bud: identical with conventional method.
3. cuttings bud: insert grafting fringe bud number is 3-4 except every strain, all the other are identical with conventional method.
4. tie up: the basic skills of tying up is identical with conventional method with specification requirement, different is after completing first fringe bud and tying up, second fringe bud otch continued to have tied up in the bottom that film strip sparsely upwards need be wound into the 2nd grafting otch, turn to again afterwards fringe bud above to continue to tie up, until the fringe bud of going up a grafting is most tied up complete, then film strip tail end is fixed on trunk.
5. cut anvil: identical with conventional method.
Example two: in young mulberry one branch or the embodiment of grafting in second and third branch of strong mulberry.
Cultivated the sturdy young mulberry of a branch and branch in a branch grafting or in type strong tree in second and third branch during grafting, the complete branch that retains predetermined length, on every branch top, start to cut from the top down grafting otch, between each otch, pull open 7cm distance, by the peripheral equally distributed different azimuth of trunk, selecting correct position to cut out 2-3 grafting otch, then cut bud, insert bud, colligation, 2-3 fringe buds of every branch grafting.As far as possible not at branch inner side (pith direction) grafting fringe bud.All the other methods are identical with example one with requirement.
Claims (3)
1. the grafting part strong mulberry winter budding new method of children of ecosystem of walking back and forth, is characterized in that: the walk back and forth polygerm grafting new method of ecosystem of a kind of panicle-sprout grafting position, and can expand tree crown, increase production mulberry leaf, propose sizing the previous year and go into operation, belong to agriculture mulberry cultivation technical field.
2. the walk back and forth strong mulberry winter budding new method of children of ecosystem of grafting part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the panicle-sprout grafting position of the ecosystem of walking back and forth, improve and do not cultivating second of young mulberry trunk upper level height 2-3 fringe buds of different azimuth grafting of branch or a branch of having cultivated treelet or strong mulberry, the grafting part preference pattern of cutting skin bud grafting method traditional winter of 1 fringe bud of the three branch base portion top every branch graftings in 3.3-6.6 outer positions of centimeters, adopt the growth position that imitates mulberry bud ecosystem on mulberry branch to select grafting part, between all grafting fringe buds, respectively pull open up and down the distance of 7cm, and determine grafting part in treelet trunk top surrounding or the complete peripheral equally distributed different azimuth in pole top of length, on not cultivating the treelet of branch during grafting, at stock trunk topmost, first determine the graft position of first fringe bud, then by up and down at a distance of 7cm and on the peripheral top view circumference of trunk left (or to the right) every the sequence of positions of 90 degree (grafting 4 buds) or 120 degree (grafting 3 buds) angles of circumference grafting part of selected all the other fringe buds downwards, cultivated excurrent young mulberry in the first branch grafting or in type strong tree in second and third branch during grafting, the complete branch that retains predetermined length, first at stock branch topmost, determine the graft position of first fringe bud, then choose from the top down the grafting part of all the other fringe buds, between each fringe bud up and down at a distance of 7cm, and determine altogether the graft position of 2-3 fringe buds in the different azimuth by trunk periphery, as far as possible not at branch inner side (orientation, pith) grafting fringe bud.
3. the walk back and forth strong mulberry winter budding new method of children of ecosystem of grafting part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: polygerm grafting, do not cultivating on the young mulberry trunk of branch 3-4 of every strain grafting fringe buds, on cultivating second and third branch of excurrent young mulberry or molded strong tree during grafting, 2-3 of every branch grafting fringe buds, increase by 1-2 of grafting fringe bud quantity than the every strain of conventional method or every branch; After adopting this method, also can increase in theory more grafting fringe bud quantity, but because main purpose between tree type culture period is not that picking leaves is bred silkworms, but cultivate high yield type skeleton structure, should not retain too many branch and disperse nutrition, therefore without increasing again necessity of grafting fringe bud quantity.
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| CN104145721A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 刘万顺 | Fruit mulberry sapling cultivating method for growing two or more types of mulberry fruits on single mulberry tree |
| CN104365366A (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-02-25 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for promoting growth of massin in manganese ore tailings accumulation area |
| CN104663258A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏科技大学 | Medicine mulberry grafting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104145721A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 刘万顺 | Fruit mulberry sapling cultivating method for growing two or more types of mulberry fruits on single mulberry tree |
| CN104365366A (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-02-25 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for promoting growth of massin in manganese ore tailings accumulation area |
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Application publication date: 20140409 |