JP2000157043A - Hydroponics and hydroponic culture system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve problems that workload and cost are high due to the fact that bed is located at a low place and stems are guided with a string or the like. SOLUTION: The hydroponics are conducted by making fruit vegetables planted on bed 1 placed at a high place climb over the side wall 2 of the bed 1 and hang down toward the lower outside. Plants may be made to hang down toward the lower outside of the side wall 2 of the bed 1 after being put on a guide 3 placed above the bed 1. Axillary buds needed along with primary limbs may be made to hang down toward the lower outside of the side wall 2 of the bed 1. Axillary buds may be made to hang down toward the lower outside of the bed 1 after fruits of primary limbs are harvested. The growing regions of fruit vegetables made to hang down toward the lower outside of the bed 1 may be twisted so as to be lowered. The fruit vegetables may be creeping ones. This hydroponic culture system has a bed 1 placed at a high place so as for plants planted in the bed 1 to be made to hang down toward the lower outside by climbing over the side wall 2 of the bed 1. The height of the bed 1 is set so as for plural flower clusters of a plant to be able to hang down. Fruit vegetables are put on guides 3 and are made to hang down toward the lower outside of the side wall 2 of the bed 1, the height of which is set so as for plural flower clusters of a plant to be able to hang down.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus suitable for cultivating plants, especially tomato, cucumbers, watermelon, melon, bitter melon, pumpkin, and other grapes. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, hydroponic cultivation (hydroponic cultivation) has often been adopted for cultivation of leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables. In the case of hydroponics of tomato, cucumbers and other grapes-like vegetable plants,
Up to now, as shown in FIG. 6, a bed A for flowing a nutrient solution has been installed at a height of about 30 cm above the ground, and plants have been planted and cultivated in holes in a lid B placed on the bed A. In this case, a string is tied to the upper part of the stem that grows and grows, and the string is hung on an attracting pipe arranged along the bed about 1.5 to 2.0 m above the bed to attract the stem upward. I have. Tape or other material may be used in place of the string.

[0003]

Problems to be Solved When cultivating a grapefruit vegetable plant by the conventional hydroponic cultivation method described above, there are the following problems. (1) Every time a plant grows and grows, the string must be tied to the stretched part and re-attempted, which takes time and effort. (2) Since inviting materials such as a string or tape are required for the attraction, the cost increases accordingly. (3) Since the height of the attracting pipe is fixed, it is necessary to lower (drop) the lower part of the stem by the length of the extended stem in order to suspend the stem that has grown and extended on the attracting pipe. By doing so, the fruits that have matured to some extent and are about to be harvested always fall downward (near the bed: about 30 to 40 cm above the ground), so that the sunshine deteriorates and the harvest tends to be delayed. In addition, since the position of the fruits to be harvested is low, it is necessary to bend the waist and perform the harvesting work in an unreasonable posture. (4) The plant grows upwards, but the fruiting branches bear the weight of the fruit and turn downwards, so the branches can not bear the weight of the fruit and break or break halfway, and the fruit matures. May be hindered or may be completely broken and fall along with the branches, in which case the yield is reduced. (5) As the plant grows, axillary buds emerge from the side of the main branch, but if the axillary buds are grown as they are, the leaves will overgrow,
The fruit that is fruiting on the main branch is shaded by its leaves, and the sunshine is worse. Therefore, every time an axillary bud appears, it lacks it. (6) When the leaves are overgrown, even if the disinfectant is sprayed, the disinfectant does not spread to the whole plant, and the disinfection effect becomes insufficient. (7) Even if the plant grows, the stem and roots cannot be thickened or stretched in proportion thereto, so that the root pressure is not always sufficient. For this reason, nutrients may not be absorbed to the tip of the grown plant, or the stress of the plant may increase, and the growth of the plant and the maturation of the fruit may be insufficient. (8) When the sunshine is poor or the stress of the plant is large, the shape of the fruit may be deformed or the fruit may be chucked. (9) When sunshine worsens, pests are likely to occur, plants become weaker or grow poorer, it takes days to harvest, and productivity decreases. In addition, a large number of times of disinfection is required, which takes time and cost.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned various problems, to enable a great reduction in labor and cost, and to improve the shape, quality and yield. It is to provide a method and a hydroponic device.

[0005] The inventor of the present invention has conducted various studies over the years to solve the above problems, and as a result, has completed the present invention. The solution is as follows.

A first nutrient solution cultivation method according to the present invention is to plant a vegetable plant on a nutrient culture bed provided at a high place, and to make the fruit plant climb over the side wall of the bed and hang it below the outside of the bed. It is a method of cultivation.

[0007] In a second hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, a vegetable plant is planted on a hydroponic bed provided at a high place, and the vegetable plant is hung on an attracting tool provided above the bed, thereby forming a side wall of the bed. It is a method of cultivating by hanging downward from the outside.

[0008] The third hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention is the method according to the first and second hydroponic cultivation methods, wherein a necessary axillary bud is grown together with the main branch of the plant, and the grown axillary bud is also grown together with the main branch. It is a method of cultivating by hanging over the outside of the bed over the bed.

[0009] In a fourth hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, in the first and second hydroponic cultivation methods, necessary axillary buds are grown together with the main branch of the plant, and the grown axillary bud is harvested by harvesting the fruit of the main branch. It is a method of raising above the bed without hanging down to the outside of the bed until it is done, and then hanging the outside of the bed after the fruit of the main branch is harvested.

[0010] The fifth hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention is the method according to the first to fourth hydroponic cultivation methods, wherein the growing portion of the plant that hangs over the side wall of the bed and hangs downward from the bed and faces outward is fertile. It is a method to make it face down.

A sixth hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a method according to the first to fifth hydroponic cultivation methods, wherein a fruit plant is a gravel plant.

[0012] The seventh hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention provides a hydroponic cultivation bed at a high place so that the plants planted on the bed hang over the side wall of the bed and hang down outward. The height of the bed is such that a plurality of flower clusters of the plant can hang down.

An eighth hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention provides a hydroponic cultivation bed at a high place, an attraction device above the bed, and a fruit vegetable plant planted on the bed hung on the attraction device. The bed is then hung down the outside of the side wall of the bed, and the height of the bed is such that a plurality of flower clusters of the plant can hung.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Embodiment of Hydroponic Culture Apparatus) An example of an embodiment of a hydroponic culture apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this cultivation apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1, arch-shaped columns 10 are raised at desired intervals above the ground, and the columns 10 having a height of about 1.3 to 1.5 m above the ground (high places). 2, a connecting bar 11 is erected laterally, and two support bars 12 are arranged in parallel on the connecting bar 11 to form a bench 13, and the bed 1 shown in FIG.
Is arranged. In this case, as shown in FIG.
Two fitting grooves 1 provided on the bed 2 in parallel with the bottom surface of the bed 1
4, the bed 1 is positioned so that the bed 1 is not shifted left and right. The bed 1 is for letting a nutrient solution flow, and is connected to a large number in the longitudinal direction to have a length of several tens of meters. On the bed 1, holes 15 are provided at desired intervals.
Is covered with a lid 16 having an opening, and seedlings of fruit and vegetable plants such as tomatoes and cucumbers are inserted into the holes 15 so that they can be planted. The bed 1 and the lid 16 are desirably lightweight.
For example, those made of styrene foam can be used.

An attracting tool 3 is arranged about 30 to 50 cm above the connecting bar 11. A metal pipe is suitable for the attraction device 3. The attracting device 3 is arranged and attached in the longitudinal direction of the bench 13 so as to connect the columns 10 arranged at intervals.

A sprinkling pipe 17 is provided under the connecting bar 11.
Are arranged and fixed along the longitudinal direction of the support bar 12. The spray pipe 17 is used for flowing a disinfectant solution when spraying the fruit and vegetable plants.

Although not shown, a supply pipe for supplying a nutrient solution from a nutrient solution tank by a pump is provided at one end of the bed 1 in the longitudinal direction, and the inside of the bed 1 has flowed to the other end. A collection pipe for collecting the nutrient solution and returning it to the nutrient solution tank is provided, and this structure allows the nutrient solution to circulate through the nutrient solution tank, supply pipe, bed, collection pipe, and nutrient solution tank. It is.

(Embodiment of Hydroponic Culture Method) An embodiment of the hydroponic culture method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In this cultivation method, as shown in FIG. 3, a tomato is placed in a hole 15 of a lid 16 placed on a bed 1 provided at a height of about 1.5 m above the ground.
Seedlings such as cucumbers are planted. In this case, since the position of the bed 1 is high, it is difficult for the ordinary Japanese to plant the tree. Therefore, it is easy to plant the plant by climbing on a stepping board or wearing a high clog.

Next, a nutrient solution is supplied to the bed 1 from one end thereof, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the other end of the bed 1 to grow a planted fruit vegetable. After growing to some extent, hang the stem on the attracting device 3,
Thereafter, the grown stalks are automatically hung outward and downward from the side wall 2 of the bed 1. Leaves, flower clusters, and axillary buds emerge from the fruit plant as before. When the height of the attraction tool 3 is set to be approximately the same as the position of the first flower cluster, when the stem is hung on the attraction tool 3,
The first Hanabusa is in a state of just riding on the attraction device 3,
Sunlight easily hits the first inflorescence.

Of the axillary buds, unnecessary ones are removed by chipping, but necessary ones are grown as they are. If the axillary branch where the axillary buds have grown is left as it is, the leaves and the fruits fruiting on it will overlie the fruits fruiting on the main branch, and the fruits of the main branch will be hidden and grow in shade. As the fruit of the main branch is harvested, the axillary branch is put on the attracting device 3 and supported and waited until the fruit of the main branch is harvested, as shown in FIG. Named the axillary branch in this state "awaiting branch"). It is desirable that the waiting branch be hung downward on the outside of the bed 1 after the fruit of the main branch is harvested, so that the armpit does not hinder the growth of the main branch and the maturation of the fruit.

Both the main branch and the axillary branch continue to grow even after hanging downward from the outside of the bed 1, but after growing to some extent, they extend outward due to phototropism and further extend upward. If left as it is, as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. 5, the main branch and the axillary branch will spread sideways and extend to the work passage, obstructing traffic and blocking the sunlight, As shown by the solid line in the figure, it is desirable that the growing part 4 of the plant be fertilized downward (twisted) to extend the branch downward.

In the illustrated cultivation method, the stalk of the plant is hung on the attracting tool 3 and then hangs down the outside of the bed 1. And may hang down below the outside of the bed 1.

The above-mentioned plants are only a few examples of plants that can be cultivated by the present invention, and many other plants can be cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention. Moreover, the structure of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention can also have other structures and shapes other than those illustrated.

[0024]

According to the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, a vegetable plant is planted on a hydroponic bed provided at a high place, and the vegetable plant is climbed over the side wall of the bed and hung below the bed for cultivation. Therefore, the following effects are obtained. 1. The higher the bed is in the cultivation house, the better the sunlight on the fruits and vegetables, and the plants grow and mature in high temperatures (the temperature in the upper part of the room is higher than the lower part). (Growth), fruit growth, and maturity (reproductive growth) are balanced and healthy, and the period from planting to harvest is shortened. According to the experiment of the present inventor, the seeds were sown on the same day, germinated, grown tomatoes planted in bed on the same day, when tomatoes were cultivated by the conventional cultivation method, and when cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention. In the latter, the harvest time was earlier than one month. In addition, the shape, color and quality were improved, and the yield was increased. Also, ahead of other producers,
Profit can be increased because it can be shipped to the market while the price is high. In addition, growing in the low temperature season cropped earlier. 2. Since the sunshine is improved, pests are less likely to occur, and the plants are not weakened, so that the number of times of disinfection is reduced, thereby realizing cost reduction and improvement in productivity. According to the observation of the present inventor, when the conventional cultivation method began to produce leaf flies and whiteflies, they were not attached at all in the cultivation method of the present invention. 3. Since it hangs down, it is not necessary to attract plants, so that labor is greatly reduced and materials for attraction are not required, resulting in cost reduction. 4. Harvesting in a standing position makes harvesting easier and improves work efficiency. 5. Since the stem hangs down, nutrients are easily supplied to the tip of the plant, and the growth of the plant and the maturation of the fruit are quickened. In addition, the fruit, which is good in quality, shape, size, and coloring, becomes the first fruit vegetable. Fruits from the inflorescence to the inflorescence at the tip of the stem have almost uniform quality, shape, size, and color, almost no malformed fruits or chuck fruits, and many high-quality fruits can be harvested. In particular, in the case of cucumbers, the number of bent portions was reduced, and most of them became straight. 6. Both the plant stalks and the fruits turn downward, so even if the stalks are heavy, the stalks will not be overwhelmed, and the stalks will not bear the weight of the fruits and will tear or break, preventing the maturation of the fruits and vegetables It will not be dropped or dropped. 7. Since the axillary buds are also used, the labor of lacking the axillary buds can be saved, resulting in significant labor saving. 8. After the main branch has been harvested, fruits and vegetables can be harvested on the next growing axillary buds, and the axillary buds that come out later can be grown and harvested one after another. It can be harvested for a long period of time, and the yield per one is significantly increased. 9. Since the spray pipe is provided in the space below the bed, if the disinfectant is sprayed from the pipe, the disinfectant is efficiently applied to the whole plant, and the disinfection effect is enhanced. 10. Both the plant stem and the fruit and vegetables hang downward on the outside of the side wall of the bed, creating a space under the bed and improving ventilation, thereby reducing the occurrence of pests and suppressing the occurrence of gray mold. Also, because space is secured,
It became easy to spray the medicine from under the bed, the medicine was easily applied to plants and fruits and vegetables, and the occurrence of pests was suppressed.

When the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is used,
The same effect as the effect of the cultivation method can be obtained. In addition, since the existing hydroponic cultivation apparatus can be used and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention can be changed by adding only a small amount of material thereto, the apparatus can be put into practical use without significantly increasing the cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 (a) and 1 (b) are explanatory views for assembling a hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a bed of the hydroponic device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of the nutriculture method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the nutriculture method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing still another example of the nutrient solution cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bed 2 Side wall 3 Attraction tool 4 Growth part

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 26, 1998 (1998.11.
26)

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Claims (8)

[Claims] A vegetable plant is planted on a hydroponic bed (1) provided at a high place, and the vegetable plant is passed over a side wall (2) of the bed (1) and is placed on a lower side of the outside of the bed (1). A nutrient solution cultivation method characterized by hanging and cultivating. 2. A vegetable plant is planted on a hydroponic bed (1) provided at a high place, and the vegetable plant is hung on an attracting tool (3) provided above the bed (1) to produce a bed (1). ), Wherein the cultivation is carried out by hanging down the outer side of the side wall (2). 3. The hydroponic method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the necessary axillary buds are grown together with the main branch of the fruit and vegetable plant, and the grown axillary bud is also formed on the side wall (2) of the bed (1) together with the main branch. A nutrient solution cultivation method characterized in that the cultivation is carried out by hanging over the bed (1) so as to get over the bed. 4. The hydroponic method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the necessary axillary buds are grown together with the main branch of the fruit and vegetable plant, and the grown axillary bud is grown on the bed (1) until the fruit of the main branch is harvested. ), Wherein the cultivation is carried out by hanging down the outside of the bed (1) after the fruit of the main branch is harvested without hanging down the outside of the bed. 5. The method for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fruit and vegetable plant hangs over the side wall (2) of the bed (1) and falls downward outside the bed (1); A hydroponic cultivation method characterized in that the growing part (4) of the outer plant, which is directed outward at the outer lower side, is fertile and cultivated downward. 6. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable plant is a grape vegetable plant. 7. A bed (1) for nutrient cultivation is provided at a high place so that a plant planted on the bed (1) hangs over the side wall (2) of the bed (1) and hangs outward and downward. Wherein the height of the bed (1) is such that a plurality of flower clusters of the plant can hang down. 8. A bed (1) for nutrient solution cultivation is provided at a high place, and an attracting tool (3) is provided above the bed (1).
The vegetable plant planted on the bed (1) is hung on the attracting device (3) and then hangs down below the outside of the side wall (2) of the bed (1). A hydroponic cultivation device, characterized in that the height of the flower bunches can be hung.