JP2009077694A - Method for low hight and height density cultivation of tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for a low height and high density cultivation of tomato which is capable of preventing the lowering of fruit quality, the reduction of the number of fruits for shipping, the increase of the number of days necessary for maturation, the deterioration of working efficiency and the lowering of chemical-spraying effect. <P>SOLUTION: This method for the low height and high density cultivation of tomato comprises fix-planting plural seedlings of tomato at 5 to 20 cm intervals so that a branch 14 of a first flower cluster elongates from each of main stems 4 in the same direction, growing a second stage flower cluster having a second flower cluster in the upper direction of the first flower cluster, a third stage flower cluster having a third flower cluster in the upper direction of the second flower cluster or a fourth stage flower cluster having a fourth flower cluster in the upper direction of the third flower cluster to bloom each of the flowers in the second to fourth stage, and then, on fruiting fruits 7 by the pollination of each of the flowers, etc., bending at least the second and third branches and leaves 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, 33 in the upper direction of each of the above flower clusters so that the tip end parts of them leave from the above flower clusters in horizontal direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In the present invention, two to four florets are allowed to grow in the vertical direction, each flower constituting each floret is blossomed, and then fruits are produced by pollination of each flower, and harvested. The present invention relates to a low-stage dense planting method.

Tomato cultivation is generally carried out by planting seedlings that have been sown and planted at intervals of 30 to 50 cm with the first inflorescence oriented in the same direction, and then 6 to 12 stages in the vertical direction by cultivation for about half a year. Each flower floret is allowed to grow and each flower constituting the flower floret is opened, and then fruit is produced by pollination of each flower. In this way, fruit is produced from the flowers constituting each stage of the bunches, whereby fruit bunches of 6 to 12 stages, each of which is an aggregate of fruits, are formed. It is done by growing and harvesting the fruits that make up the bunches.
Among them, as a method for cultivating tomatoes, a so-called long set-up in which fruit is harvested over a year by growing flower bunches of 20 to 30 stages and growing fruit bunches in the same manner as described above. There is also a technique called.

  However, the cultivation of tomatoes that harvest the fruits of the 6 to 30-stage fruit buns as described above is difficult to manage, and the problem is that the hollowing out of fruits and small berries occur frequently, resulting in reduced quality. In addition, there is a drawback that regular control is necessary because there is a risk that cultivation will not be continued if pests spread during cultivation. In addition, there is a drawback that the work at a high place is increased by the increase in the number of stages of fruit bunches.

  On the other hand, as a cultivation method of tomatoes, although there is low-stage dense planting that can produce two- to four-stage fruit bunches that are easy to manage, this low-stage dense planting has a cultivation period of about 3 months to Since it is as short as 6 months, the number of planting times increases, and a large amount of seedlings is required regardless of the season in order to produce the same number of fruits as in the case of 6 to 30 stages. For this reason, in particular, it is difficult to raise seedlings in winter, and the cost for growing a large number of seedlings has increased. Therefore, this low-stage dense planting has not been used.

  However, in recent years, the present inventors have developed a seedling production apparatus using an artificial lighting device that enables the growth of rootstocks and ears and the curing of grafted seedlings, as shown in Patent Document 1, While making seedling production through the whole year easy, the initial cost and the running cost can be reduced, and the use of this low-density tomato cultivation of tomato has been made realistic.

  By the way, in the first place, the tomato seedlings have branches 14, 24, 34 of the florets (fruit bunches 10, 20, 30) extending from the main stem 4 in the same direction as shown in FIG. Although the first branches 11, 21, 31 immediately above extend in the direction of about 180 ° C. with respect to the direction in which the branches 14, 24, 34 of the inflorescence extend around the main stem 4, the first branches 11, 21 , 31 and the second branch leaves 12, 22, 32 above it in the direction of about 90 ° C. around the main stem 4 in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, with respect to the second branch leaves 12, 22, 32 The third branches 13, 23, and 33 on the top of the lever have a characteristic of extending in the direction of about 180 ° C. around the main stem 4.

  For this reason, low-stage dense planting of tomatoes that plant seedlings at narrow intervals is only branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 above the first flower tress (first fruit tress 10). Rather, the branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 extending from the adjacent main stem 4 cover the flower bunches and the fruit bunches 10, 20, 30 on which they grew, and If the buns 10, 20, 30, etc. are exposed to sunlight, they will disappear. As a result, fruits such as increase in hollow fruits, increase in streak fruits that cause black streaks in the vascular bundle inside fruit 7, decrease in color gloss of fruit 7 and decrease in sugar, vitamin and acid content of fruit 7 There is a problem that quality deterioration can be caused. Furthermore, tomato planting in low-stage dense planting has the problem of a decrease in the number of fruits to be shipped due to diseases that occur in fruits 7 such as fruit dropping during growth and mildew disease in addition to the above-mentioned deterioration in the quality of fruits 7 There is also a problem of prolonged maturation days from flowering to harvesting due to a decrease in the rate of hypertrophy and delay in coloring.

  In addition, in this low-stage dense planting, the branches and leaves 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 cover each other to form a community, so the shade that has entered the shade of other leaves The shortening of the life span such as early yellowing of the leaves due to a decrease in the photosynthetic ability can cause a decrease in the yield and quality of the fruit 7. In addition, the deterioration of ventilation due to this canopy not only causes the inside of the canopy to become susceptible to leaf diseases such as mildew and mildew, but also because the surrounding carbon dioxide concentration is maintained at a low level. As a result, the yield and quality of the fruit 7 are reduced. Further, in this low-stage dense planting, the fruit bunches 10, 20, and 30 are hidden behind the leaves, making it difficult to find the fruit 7. Therefore, not only the harvesting work efficiency is deteriorated, but also the back of the leaves. Since it is very difficult to spread the medicine, there is a drawback that the medicine does not spread over the entire back surface of the leaf and the spraying effect of the medicine becomes insufficient.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-000005

  Therefore, the present invention provides a low-stage dense planting cultivation method of tomatoes that can prevent deterioration in fruit quality, reduction in the number of fruits to be shipped, prolongation of maturity days, deterioration in work efficiency, and inadequate drug spraying effect. This is a problem.

  The present inventors have found that all causes of deterioration in fruit quality, reduction in the number of fruits to be shipped, prolongation of maturity days, deterioration in work efficiency and inadequate drug application effect are due to the upper branches and leaves adjacent to fruit bunches etc. It is found that the branches and leaves of the main stalk are covered, and the fruit bunches and shade leaves are not exposed to sunlight and the inside of the community is steamed, and the following claims 1 to 3 The present invention has been completed.

  That is, in the low-stage dense planting method of tomatoes according to the present invention described in claim 1, after planting a plurality of tomato seedlings so that the branches of the first inflorescence extend from the main stems in the same direction. , A two-stage flower floret with a second flower floret above the first flower floret, a three-stage flower flower with a third flower floret above the second flower flower, or a fourth flower flower above the third flower flower. It is a low-stage dense planting cultivation method for tomatoes in which fruit is produced by pollination of each flower, etc. It is characterized in that at least the second and third branches and leaves are curved upward from at least each of the above-mentioned florets so that the tip portions thereof are separated from the florets in the horizontal direction.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the low-stage dense planting method of tomato according to claim 1, wherein the tomato seedlings are planted at intervals of 5 cm to 20 cm, and the first inflorescences are flowered. The second and third branches and leaves are pushed upward from the inflorescence in a direction away from the first inflorescence in the horizontal direction, and the branches and leaves above the first inflorescence are pushed by the adjacent main stem and its branches and leaves. The second and third branches and leaves are curved by preventing return to the one inflorescence side.

A third aspect of the present invention is the low-stage dense planting method for tomato according to the first or second aspect, wherein all branches and leaves above the first inflorescence are linearly or net-like bodies installed in a horizontal direction. It mounts on the mounting means which consists of. It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
Here, the linear body means a linear object such as a string, a wire or a bar, and the net-like body is formed by tying a plurality of linear bodies such as the above-mentioned strings in addition to the net. It means to include the formed net-like material.

According to the low-stage dense planting method of tomatoes according to claims 1 to 3, since a plurality of tomato seedlings are planted and grown so that the branches of the first inflorescence extend in the same direction, the first fruit bunches are grown. It can grow in the same direction. Further, the branches of the second fruit bunches also extend in the same direction as the branches of the first fruit bunches, and when the third fruit bunches or the fourth fruit bunches are grown, the branches such as the third fruit bunches are also the first fruit bunches. Since it grows in the same direction as the branches, each fruit cluster of all seedlings can be grown in the same direction.
Furthermore, the first branches and leaves immediately above each inflorescence are in the direction of about 180 ° C. with respect to the direction in which the inflorescence branches extend around the main stem, and the second and third branches and leaves center around the main stem. Each of the second and third branches and leaves is curved and grown so that the tip part thereof is spaced apart from the first inflorescence in the horizontal direction. It is possible to prevent these branches and leaves from covering each flower bunches and fruit bunches where they grow.
For this reason, it is possible to sufficiently shed sunlight on fruit bunches, etc., fruit quality such as hollow fruits due to insufficient sunlight exposure to fruit bunches, etc. Prolongation can be prevented.

In particular, according to the invention described in claim 2, after the tomato seedlings are planted at intervals of 20 cm or less and the first inflorescence blooms, the second and third branches and leaves are arranged upward from each inflorescence. Pushing in the direction away from the horizontal direction, and the adjacent main stem and its branches and leaves prevent the upper branches and leaves of the first inflorescence from efficiently returning to the first inflorescence without using other members Thus, the branches and leaves can be bent so that the tip portion is separated from the first inflorescence in the horizontal direction.
In addition, because tomato seedlings were planted at intervals of 5 cm or more, it was possible to suppress the deterioration of internal ventilation due to the adjoining branches and leaves entering the shade of other branches and leaves, the occurrence of leaf disease and carbon dioxide concentration The fall of the fruit quality by the fall of the photosynthetic capability of each leaf resulting from a fall can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 3, by placing the branches and leaves above the placing means, it is possible to provide a space between the branches and leaves to ensure air permeability, so that the occurrence of leaf diseases In addition, it is possible to effectively prevent the fruit quality from being reduced due to a decline in the photosynthetic capacity of each leaf, and furthermore, since a space is provided between the branches and leaves, the amount of solar radiation on the leaves is increased, and the fruit quality is reduced by reducing the amount of photosynthesis. While being able to suppress a fall, a chemical | medical agent can be easily spread | dispersed to the whole back surface of a leaf.

  Below, one Embodiment of the low stage dense planting method of the tomato which concerns on this invention is described using FIG.1 and FIG.2.

  In the low-stage dense planting method of tomatoes according to the present embodiment, the tomato seedlings are first placed on the slender liquid hydroponics bed 9 installed in the north-south direction, and the branches 14 of the first inflorescence from the main stem 4. The plants are planted at intervals of 10 cm to 20 cm so as to extend perpendicular to the hydroponics bed 9 toward the west (same orientation).

  By the way, the first branches 11, 21, 31 immediately above each floret have a characteristic that extends in the direction of about 180 ° C. with respect to the direction in which the branches 14, 24, 34 of each floret extend around the main stem 4, that is, The second branches 12, 22, and 32 have the characteristic of extending to the east side, and the second branches 12, 22, and 32 have the same direction in the direction of about 90 ° C. with respect to the first branches 11, 21, and 31 centered on the main stem 4. The third branches 13, 23, and 33 have characteristics that extend in the direction of about 180 ° C. with respect to the second branches 12, 22, and 32 around the main stem 4. As a result, the second and third branches 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, and 33 extend in the direction of about 90 ° C. with respect to the direction in which the inflorescence branches 14, 24, and 34 extend around the main stem 4. .

  Therefore, by utilizing this characteristic, the second and third branches 12 of the first and second florets are gradually upward from each of the florets 3 to 7 days after the first flower located on the most main stem 4 side. 13, 22, 23, 32, 33, in order from the bottom to the position adjacent to the adjacent main stem 4 and its branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33. The first and third branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, and 33 are moved up and down multiple times (this implementation) It is mounted on the mounting means 5 provided in the form (six stages).

  Each mounting means 5 is parallel to the hydroponics bed 9 at a first position 10 cm to 20 cm away from the main stem 4 of all tomatoes and a second position 20 cm to 30 cm away from each other. And it is comprised by the two string 50 installed horizontally one by one. And the mounting means 5 is 110-130 cm corresponding to the branches 31, 32, 33 above the third inflorescence from a height of 60-80 cm from the ground corresponding to the first branch 11 above the first inflorescence. Are installed at intervals of 8 to 12 cm.

Then, the tips of the second and third branches 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, 33 are located at least on the east side of the adjacent main stem 4, and the adjacent main stem 4 ensures that While being prevented from returning to the original position of about 90 ° C. with respect to the direction in which the branch 14 of one inflorescence extends, that is, returning to the first inflorescence side, it is grown under sufficient sunlight.
As a result, the second and third branches 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, and 33 are grown with their tips curved in a horizontal direction away from the first inflorescence, and all branches and leaves 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 are placed on the placement means 5, so that each inflorescence is cultivated in a state where air permeability in the community is ensured.

Next, leaving the two branches 31 and 32 above the third inflorescence, the main stem 4 between the second branch 32 and the third branch 33 is pinched to grow each inflorescence while picking the side buds. .
Then, in the first to third inflorescences, the flowers at the tip end of the stem are successively flowered from the first flower, and these flowers bear fruits 7 by pollination or the like. Then, the fruit 7 is produced from the flowers constituting each stage of the flower bunches, whereby the first fruit bunches 10, the second fruit bunches 20, and the third fruit tress 30 that are aggregates of the fruits 7 are formed.
Thereafter, the fruits 7 of the fruit bunches 10, 20, and 30 that have been sufficiently exposed to sunlight are harvested.

According to the above-described low-density tomato cultivation method for tomatoes, a plurality of tomato seedlings are perpendicular to the hydroponic bed 9 with the branch 14 of the first flower cluster facing the west toward the hydroponic bed 9 installed in the north-south direction. By planting and growing so as to extend mainly, the second and third branches 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, and 33 are mainly pushed upward from each inflorescence toward the east, Since all the branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 are placed on the mounting means 5, all the branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 are placed. In addition, it is possible to efficiently irradiate the flower bunches and the fruit bunches 10, 20, and 30 in which the florets are grown with sunlight.
For this reason, the fruit 7 such as the hollow fruit caused by the shortage of solar radiation of the branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 and the short solar radiation of the flower bunches and fruit bunches 10, 20, 30. It is possible to effectively prevent quality reduction, decrease in the number of shipments due to falling fruit, etc. and prolongation of maturity days.

Furthermore, since the seedlings of tomatoes are arranged with an interval of 10 cm or more, the adjacent leaves 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, and 33 are also grown when a three-stage or four-stage inflorescence is grown. It is possible to effectively suppress the deterioration of the internal ventilation due to entering the shades of the other branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33.
In addition, the first branches 11, 21, 31 immediately above each flower can be stably placed on the two strings 50 as the placement means 5, and the second and third branches and leaves Even if 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, and 33 cannot be placed on the string 50 at the second position, they can be placed on the string 50 at the first position. For this reason, it is possible to positively ensure air permeability by providing a space between the branches and leaves 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33. As a result, it is possible to more effectively prevent the deterioration of the fruit 7 due to the occurrence of leaf diseases and the reduction of the photosynthetic ability of each leaf, and further increase the amount of solar radiation on the leaves, thereby reducing the quality of the fruit 7 by reducing the amount of photosynthesis. Decrease can be further suppressed, and furthermore, cultivation management can be performed more efficiently, for example, a hormonal agent can be easily sprayed over the entire back surface of the leaf.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment at all, For example, the main stem which adjoins the 2nd and 3rd branch leaves 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, 33 above the 1st inflorescence. Instead of 4, it may be prevented from returning to the first inflorescence side by an attracting string or the like that supports the main stem 4. Also, instead of pinching the main stem 4 between the second branch 32 and the third branch 33 above the third inflorescence, the main stem 4 above the third branch 33 may be pinched, Furthermore, the third branch leaf 33 extends above the third inflorescence to a position close to the stem 4 to which the branch leaf 33 is adjacent and its branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33. Before the stage, that is, before the branch leaf 33 is pushed toward the east side, it may be subjected to pinching with the main stem 4.

  Next, Example 1 in which tomato seedlings were grown according to the above-described embodiment and Comparative Example 1 as a comparison target will be described below.

[Example 1]
In the submerged hydroponics bed 9 installed in the north-south direction, the seedlings of tomatoes grown to about the 7th leaf stage on March 31 are perpendicular to the hydroponics bed 9 with the branch 14 of the first inflorescence facing west. Then, the plants were planted at intervals of 12.5 cm. Then, the first flower in the first inflorescence bloomed around April 7th, 7 days after the planting date.

  Next, from April 12, five days after the flowering of the first flower, the second and third branches 12, 13, 22, 23, and 32 are arranged above the first inflorescence, and the adjacent main stems in order from the bottom. Or by pushing toward the east side when it extends to a position close to its branches and leaves, all the branches and leaves 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32 are positioned at least on the east side of the adjacent main stem 4 . At the same time, the first position is 15 cm away from all main stems 4 to the east, and the second position is 25 cm away from all main stems 4 to the east. 6 steps of mounting means 5 provided with two strings 50 to a height of about 120 cm at intervals of about 10 cm.

Next, from April 20, 20 days after the planting date, the first branches 11 immediately above the first inflorescence 11 and the upper branches 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32 are placed. 5 was placed. At that time, the third branch 33 above the third inflorescence has not yet extended to the position adjacent to the adjacent main stem 4 or its branches 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33. It was.
Next, on April 25, the third branches and leaves 33 were plucked together with the main stem 4 while leaving the two branches and leaves 31 and 32 above the third inflorescence. After that, the second and third florets bloomed one after another. Next, while picking the side buds, the first to third fruit bunches 10, 20, and 30 were grown and harvested.

[Comparative Example 1]
First, in the same manner as in Example 1, a tomato seedling grown to about the seventh leaf stage is hydroponically cultivated in the submerged hydroponics bed 9 installed in the north-south direction with the branch 14 of the first inflorescence facing west. The plants were planted at intervals of 12.5 cm so as to extend perpendicular to the bed 9.
Thereafter, the third branches and leaves are similarly raised above the third inflorescence by pushing the branches 12, 13, 22, 23, 32 toward the east and growing them without installing the placing means 5. 33 was pinched together with the main stem 4 to grow and harvest the fruits 7 of the first to third fruit bunches 10, 20, and 30.

Then, in the cultivation method of Comparative Example 1, the cultivation period of one crop of tomato became longer by about 5 days than the cultivation period of Example 1, and the occurrence of hollow fruits increased by about 5%.
From this, it was found that according to the low-stage dense planting method for tomatoes of Example 1, at least the deterioration of the quality of the fruit 7 and the prolongation of the maturation days can be prevented.

It is a conceptual explanatory drawing for demonstrating the low-stage dense planting cultivation method of the tomato which concerns on this invention. It is a principal part enlarged view of FIG. It is a conceptual explanatory drawing which shows the characteristic at the time of growing the tomato seedling by the general cultivation method.

Explanation of symbols

4 Main stem 5 Placement means 7 Fruit 10, 20, 30 Fruit bunch 14 Branch of first inflorescence 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 Branch leaf 50 String

Claims (3)

After planting a plurality of tomato seedlings so that the branches of the first inflorescence extend from the respective main stems in the same direction, the two-stage inflorescence with the second inflorescence above the first inflorescence, or the above Each of the second to fourth florets is grown by growing a three-stage flower floret with a third flower floret above the second flower floret, or a four-stage flower floret with a fourth flower floret above the third flower floret. It is a low-stage dense planting method for tomatoes that causes fruits to fruit by pollination of each flower after flowering,
A low-stage dense planting method for tomato, characterized in that at least the second and third branches and leaves are curved upward from at least each of the above-mentioned flower bunches so that the tip portions thereof are horizontally spaced from the flower bunches.   A direction in which the tomato seedlings are planted at intervals of 5 cm to 20 cm and the first and second florets bloom, and then the second and third branches and leaves are spaced apart from the first floret in the horizontal direction. And curving the second and third branches and leaves by preventing the branches and leaves above the first inflorescence from returning to the first inflorescence by the adjacent main stem and its branches and leaves. The low-stage dense planting method for tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein:   3. The tomato lowness according to claim 1, wherein all the branches and leaves above the first inflorescence are placed on a placing means composed of a linear body or a net-like body installed in a horizontal direction. Densely planted cultivation method.

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