JP2002238361A - Method for tomato cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for tomato cultivation, with which reduction in quality caused by excessive application of water and fertilizer for maintenance of growing power (securement of yield) of tomato is prevented, defective fruiting of flower and scorch of fruit occurring in a high-temperature period in the summer are prevented and reduction in shipment and qualities is prevented. SOLUTION: In this method for plant cultivation in which (1) a medium having no fertility of soil is isolated from rainwater and ground, (2) a crop plant is germinated and transplanted, (3) supply of water and a nitrogen fertilizer to the crop plant is stopped after the germination or transplantation, (4) water and a fertilizer in a small amount about 1/10 to 1/100 that of general practice (clean culture) is supplied to the crop plant when the crop plant starts withering, (5) the operations (3) and (4) are repeated to form a starvation root having strong water absorption power and fertilizer absorption power in the vicinity of ground surface, (6) when a stalk grows about 30 cm length from an apex of a support medium, the stalk is parabolically bent in the direction approximately opposite to the growth direction of the stalk up to now at the top part of the support medium, the stalk is dropped with laying the growth point downward and grown and (7), each branch of calyx is twisted by about 90-120 degrees right and left to slightly damage the surface tissue of the branch.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating tomato.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170, the present inventors germinated or planted crops in a medium without fertility, cut off water and nitrogen fertilizer, and began to wither. Give a small amount of water and nitrogen fertilizer about 1/10 to 1/100 of the tara practice (clear plowing method), repeat the cutting and application of water and nitrogen fertilizer, and have strong water absorption and fertilization power near the ground surface Invented a method of cultivating plants with high vitamin C by producing fasting roots,
A patent was issued (Japanese Patent No. 1651468). As cultivation methods using the same cultivation stage, the present inventors have proposed "cultivation method of high mineral plants" (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3168/1991) and "cultivation method of plants with low oxalic acid" (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4169).
And devised as patents No. 1651466 and No. 1651467, respectively. In the present invention, “without geological strength” means, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170, EC (electrical conductivity (unit muo = Ω− ¹ , current unit is an index of soil salt concentration) Siemens =
S / cm) is 600m
It means smaller than S / cm, usually 10 to 500 mS / cm.

[0003] Conventionally, tomatoes with a high sugar content have been obtained using the cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170. However, in the cultivation of tomato, water and fertilizers are applied excessively to maintain the vigor of the tree (to secure the yield), resulting in quality deterioration. This tendency is particularly remarkable in the case of long-term cultivation of eight or more stages. Conventionally, as the number of stages increases, for example, as shown in FIG. 1B, the stem is crawled sideways or the harvested stem is wound.

[0004] In addition, the temperature of the upper part of the house rises during the high temperature period in summer, and poor fruit set and so-called “burn” of fruits occur.
Due to this effect, the shipment volume was reduced, and the quality was reduced.
Furthermore, in order to prevent a rise in the temperature of the upper part of the house, the height of the house is set to 4 to 6 m depending on the place,
Construction costs are high due to the need to withstand typhoons and strong winds. In addition, the distance between the root and the tip of the stem increases, and the head loss of the nutrient conduit due to gravity increases.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to further improve the above-mentioned cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170, and to produce and ship a large quantity of tomatoes of even better quality. Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost cultivation method by preventing excessive application of water and fertilizer. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the height of the house to reduce the construction cost of the house. Also, the present invention relates to cultivation of 8
The objective is to produce and ship tomatoes of excellent quality in large quantities, even over long periods of time. These objects are achieved by the present invention.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides (1) a method for cutting off a fertile medium from rainwater and the earth, (2) germinating or planting crops, and (3) cutting off water and nitrogen fertilizer after germination or planting. , (4) When the crop begins to wither, about 1 /
Give 10 to 1/100 of small amount of water and fertilizer, (5)
(3) In the method of cultivating a plant in which the operations of (3) and (4) are repeated to form a fasting root having strong water absorption and fertilization near the ground surface, (6) the stem has grown about 30 cm longer from the top of the support. Occasionally, the stem is bent parabolically at the top of the support in a direction substantially opposite to the growth direction of the stalk so far, and the stalk is allowed to grow downward with the growth point downward. A tomato cultivation method characterized by twisting left or right about 90 to 120 degrees for each branch to slightly damage the surface tissue of the branch.

[0007] In the cultivation method of the present invention, the growth direction of the stem is upward and then downward. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tomatoes are planted such that the inflorescences are oriented toward the furrow passage. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after bending the stem, the true leaves up to the inflorescence of the harvested portion are removed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the stem is bent in a parabolic shape, when the number of steps of 10 to 30 is obtained, the growth point is pinched, leaving the two true leaves at the tip of the inflorescence. I do. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the leaves are harvested from the root of the root to three to four stages to adjust the environmental conditions of the root.

[0008]

[Action] The higher the height of the stem, the lower the flow rate of water sucked to the upper part of the main branch, the lower the vigor of the tree, and the effect of high temperature air, which tends to cause poor fruit set and burning of the fruit, but the stem is supported. When the growth point is turned downward by bending in a parabolic shape at the top of the body and downward, the flow to the tip of the stem is promoted by gravity, and the flow of liquid to the upper part of the main branch is also promoted, so that the tree vigor is maintained And the rise in the internal temperature of the stem, leaves and fruits can be reduced, resulting in poor fruit set and reduced fruit burning, increased production and improved shipping rates. In addition, the more drooping the nut, the more the nutrient flows to the tip of the stem and the fruit, the less the nutrient that has gone to the tip returns to the root of the plant, and the more nutrient is stored in the fruit. As a result, less water and fertilizers are applied to maintain the vigor, but the fruit size increases. The part of the hanging stem has a shorter internode distance and a larger number of fruits.

Approximately 90 to 120 left or right for each inflorescence branch
Twisting slightly damages the surface texture of the branches. The flow of nutrient solution through the branch conduit is unimpeded, but the flow of nutrient solution through the sieve tube close to the surface of the branch is slightly impeded, reducing the flow of nutrients back to the root of the plant, and also from this aspect. Nutrients are stored in large quantities. The quality such as sugar content is improved. The temperature of the hanging inflorescence decreases due to transpiration from the leaves and also toward the lower part of the house. As a result of the appropriate temperature, the damage of frost from the upper part of the house in the late autumn is reduced.

[0010] Tomatoes may be planted in a straight line on one ridge (see section A in FIG. 3), but may be planted in a single row on a two-row straight line or in a striped shape (portion C in FIG. 3). reference). In order to improve lighting, facilitate care and harvest, and increase sugar content,
Either a straight line or a dot shape is selected according to the local situation. It is preferable from the viewpoint of daylighting, pollination and quality tomatoes to be planted so that the inflorescences face the passage between the furrows.

After bending the stem and removing the true leaves up to the inflorescence of the harvested portion, the daylighting property is improved, the pollination and fruiting operations are facilitated, and the sugar content is increased. After bending the stem into a parabolic shape, when the number of stages of 10 to 30 is obtained, the growth point is pinched while leaving the two true leaves at the tip of the inflorescence,
As it does not grow any more, nutrients are not wasted and fruit quality is improved.

Since the cultivation height is low, the construction cost of the house can be significantly reduced. When the leaves are harvested from the root of the plant to 3 to 4 stages, the air permeability is improved and the pests and diseases are reduced. The present invention is particularly advantageous in the case of long-term cultivation of eight or more stages as compared with the conventional upright cultivation method. This is because the quality, fruiting rate, size, yield, product rate, and shipping volume of conventional upright cultivation methods decrease, while the amount of irrigation and fertilization increase.

[0013]

The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to examples.

Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, it is unclear before the cultivation how much the height of the support is suitable, and how many cultivation stages are to be completed. Because the construction cost of the house would be higher if the house was constructed in the first place, comparative cultivation was performed using a conventional house. Cultivated maltomatoes in Kawasoe-cho, Saga Prefecture.

A φ19 mm straight pipe was assembled in a house having a height of 3.8 m and a width of 6.0 m as shown in FIG. 2 to constitute a support having a height of 1.6 m. Using this support, the cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170 was carried out. At the time of planting the seedlings of the tomato, as shown in part C of FIG.
For the purpose of improving the daylighting of fruits and facilitating harvesting, the plants were planted so that the inflorescences faced the side of the aisle with the number of the plants of 00 / 10a.

When the number of cultivation stages reaches eight and the stem reaches the top of the support, and the stem at the ninth stage grows about 25 to 35 cm from the support, the stem at the top of the support is Was parabolically bent at an angle of about 135 degrees in the direction opposite to the growth direction of the stem. The bending was performed so that the flower clusters faced the aisle side so as to improve the daylighting of the fruit. The stem drooped by the weight of the stem, leaves and fruit.

For each branch of the flower cluster of the hanging stem, the branch was twisted to the left or right about 90 to 120 degrees to cause slight damage to the surface tissue of the branch. After bending, the true leaves were harvested up to the inflorescence of the portion where the harvest was completed to enhance the daylighting property.
Leaves were harvested from the root of the plant to 3 to 4 stages to improve the air permeability of the root. Cultivation was performed up to 16 cultivation stages.

The total irrigation amount is 17 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount is 5.4 kg of N component and 5.4 P component per 10 a.
kg and K components were 5.4 kg. For comparison, in a control plot in the same house, a 1.8-m-long attracting cord was suspended as a support by a conventional upright single cultivation method to a position near the surface of the culture medium at 45 cm between the plants. The tomato was cultivated by the cultivation method. When it reached the top of the strut when it had grown to eight steps, it abandoned its growth.

The total irrigation amount in the control plot was 28 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount was 9.0 kg for the N component, 9.0 kg for the P component, and 9.0 kg for the K component per 10 a. In the cultivation zone of the present invention, the quality of tomatoes having a sugar content of 7 or more is improved to about 60%, the sizes are stable to M and L, and 16 t / 10 at 16 stages.
a and a surprising yield. The yield of the control group was 8t / 10a. Shipping time is about 2 times compared to control area
More than doubled. The total irrigation amount and total fertilization amount in the present invention section were about 60% of those in the control section, and tomato could be cultivated at low cost. In addition, since the height of the support is low, when the house is separately constructed, the construction cost can be significantly reduced.

[0019]

[Example 2] In the same manner as in Example 1, in a house 5.4 m wide and 2.7 m high in Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture, a height of 0.7 m was used.
Fast tomatoes were grown on a 2 m support. In this example, because of the low roof and the weight of the tomato, the cultivation was performed by growing the third row in a downward direction. The total irrigation amount was 14 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount was 5.9 kg for the N component, 5.9 kg for the P component, and 5.9 kg for the K component per 10 a.

For comparison, in a control plot in the same house, a cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170 was carried out using a 1.5-m-high column by a conventional upright single cultivation method with 45 cm between plants. . The total amount of irrigation in the control plot was 21 t / 10a, and the total fertilization rate was 9.0 kg of N component and 9.0 component of P component per 10 a.
The K and K components were 9.0 kg. The results were as shown in Table 1 below.

[0021]

[Table 1] The yield was 13.5 t / 10a in the present invention group, 7.5 t / 10a in the control group, and the shipment amount was 12.6 t / 10a in the present invention group, but 4 in the control group. .4t
/ 10a. As is clear from Table 1, the cultivation zone of the present invention has a high tomato fruiting rate and sugar content, a large size and yield, few obstacles due to burning, etc., and a high shipping rate of high quality tomatoes having a sugar content of 7 or more. Was.

In the plot of the present invention, remarkably many fruit settled in the pendulous fruit cluster, and it was well enlarged. One fruit cluster had 16 fruits, the size was enlarged from 3 L to 5 L, and a sugar content of 8 to 9 was achieved. Compared with the control plot, the present invention plot had a total irrigation volume and total fertilization volume of about 65 respectively.
%, And could grow tomatoes at low cost. In addition, since the height of the support is low, when the house is separately constructed, the construction cost can be significantly reduced.

[0023]

[Example 3] In this example, it was unknown before the cultivation how many cultivation stages would be, and because the height of the conventional house was high, if separately constructed, the house construction cost would be high. Comparative cultivation was performed using a conventional house. In the same manner as in Example 1, the height is 3.8 m at the frontage of 6.0 m in Aki Town, Oita Prefecture.
In a greenhouse, mini tomatoes were grown using a support having a height of 1.6 m.

In this example, the growth was performed by hanging downward from the thirteenth stage. The total irrigation amount was 29 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount was 15.4 kg of N component and 1 P component per 10a.
5.4 kg and the K component were 15.4 kg. For comparison, mini tomatoes were cultivated in a control plot in the same house by the conventional upright single cultivation method using a 1.7 m-high prop using the cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170. The total irrigation amount in the control plot was 42 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount was 22.0 kg for N component, 22.0 kg for P component, and 2 K for K component per 10 a.
It was 2.0 kg.

The results were as shown in Table 2 below.

[Table 2]

In the early summer, the rapid rise in temperature is reduced, burning is reduced, the size is increased, those with a sugar content of 8 ° C or more are improved in quality to 99%, the yield is increased, and the quantity of high-quality tomatoes is shipped. Has also increased. The yield of the present invention group was 12.2 t / 1.
0a, whereas the control group is 8.3t / 10a, and the high quality tomato shipment is 12.1t / t in the present invention group.
The control group was 7.7 t / 10a, whereas the control group was 10a. Compared with the control group, the total irrigation amount and the total fertilization amount of the present invention group were about 70%, respectively, and the tomato could be cultivated at low cost. In addition, since the height of the support is low, when the house is separately constructed, the construction cost can be significantly reduced.

[0027]

Embodiment 4 In the same manner as in Embodiment 1, in a house with a height of 6.0 m and a height of 3.2 m in Shibetsu City, Hokkaido, a height of 1.2 m was used.
m tomatoes were cultivated using the m support. In this example, the growth was performed by hanging downward from the seventh stage. The total irrigation volume is 25t / 10a, and the total fertilization volume is 10.5kg for N component, 10.5kg for P component, and 1 for K component per 10a.
It was 0.5 kg. For comparison, maltomatoes were cultivated in a control plot in the same house by a conventional upright single cultivation method using a 1.7 m-high support by the cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170. The total watering amount in the control plot was 35 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount was 15.0 kg for the N component, 15.0 kg for the P component, and 15.0 kg for the K component per 10 a.

The results were as shown in Table 3 below.

[Table 3]

As is evident from Table 3, the cultivated plot of the present invention had a higher sugar content of tomato, a stable fruit set, a larger size, and a lower failure rate such as burning compared to the control plot. The yield was 8.8 t / 10a in the present invention group, while the yield was 6.8 t / 10a in the control group.
It is 1t / 10a, and the shipment amount of high-quality tomatoes is 7.3t / 10a in the present invention section, while the control section is 4.5t.
t / 10a. Compared with the control group, the total irrigation amount and the total fertilization amount of the present invention group were about 70%, respectively, and the tomato could be cultivated at low cost. Also, since the height of the support is low,
If the house is built separately, the construction costs can be significantly reduced.

[0030]

Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 1, a tomato was cultivated on another farm in Shibetsu-shi, Hokkaido in a house with a height of 6.0 m and a height of 3.2 m using a support having a height of 1.2 m. did. In this example, the growth was performed by hanging downward from the seventh stage. The total irrigation amount was 25 t / 10a, and the total fertilization amount was 10.5 kg for the N component, 10.5 kg for the P component, and 10.5 kg for the K component per 10 a. For comparison, maltomatoes were cultivated in a control plot in the same house by a conventional upright single cultivation method using a 1.7 m-high support by the cultivation method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170. The total amount of irrigation in the control plot was 35 t / 10a, and the total fertilization rate was 15.0 kg of N component per 10a, P
The component was 15.0 kg and the K component was 15.0 kg.

The results were as shown in Table 4 below.

[Table 4]

As is clear from Table 4, the cultivated plot of the present invention had a high sugar content of tomato, a stable fruit set, a large size, and a low failure rate such as burning. The yield of the present invention was 1
0.8 t / 10a, whereas the control group had 7.2 t / a.
10a, and the amount of high-quality tomatoes shipped was 9.1t / 10a in the present invention group, while 5.5t / a in the control group.
10a. Compared with the control group, the total irrigation amount and the total fertilization amount of the present invention group were 70%, respectively, and the tomato could be cultivated at low cost. In addition, since the height of the support is low, when the house is separately constructed, the construction cost can be significantly reduced.

[0033]

[Table 5]

[0034]

Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent poor fruit set of fruits and burning of fruits, to produce and ship tomatoes of excellent quality in large quantities. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent excessive application of water and fertilizer, and to cultivate at low cost. Further, according to the present invention, tomatoes of excellent quality can be mass-produced and shipped over a long period of time.
Further, according to the present invention, the height of the house can be significantly reduced, and the house can be constructed at low cost.

Although the present invention has been described with respect to particular examples and numerical values, the present invention is not limited to these examples and numerical values, and various modifications may be made without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention. Of course, changes and modifications can be made.

[Brief description of the drawings]

[Fig. 1] A shows the conventional upright single cultivation method in Japanese Patent Publication 3-417.
A diagrammatic perspective view showing a state using the cultivation method of No. 0, B is a side view showing a part thereof.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a support having a foot width of 0.6 m and a height of 1.6 m used for long-stage cultivation of maltomato.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the stem of a tomato is parabolically bent at its top.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a support having a height of 0.7 m and a height of 1.6 m, which is used for growing tomatoes and mini tomatoes.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state where a tomato stalk is parabolically bent at a top portion thereof.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing an example of an arrangement of long supports of 1.5 m in a house having a width of 5.4 m and a height of 2.7 m;

FIG. 7 is a side view showing an example of the arrangement of long supports of 1.6 m in a house with a height of 3.2 m and a width of 6.0 m.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a 0.6 m foot width and 1.4 m height middle supporter used for growing tomatoes.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state where a tomato stalk is parabolically bent at the top.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing an example of an arrangement of a middle support in a house having a width of 0.6 m and a height of 1.4 m in a house having a width of 3.6 m and a height of 2.2 m.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of a support having a foot width of 0.6 m and a height of 0.72 m used for low-stage cultivation of maltomato.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a state in which the stem of a tomato is parabolically bent at the top.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a case where tomatoes are planted in a two-row shape.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A: A state in which the stem is bent from the front side to the back side in the double-row planting B: A state in which the stem is bent from the back side to the front side in the double-row planting C: A state in which the front and rear stems are bent alternately in the double-row planting

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 6, 2001 (2001.4.6)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0025

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The results were as shown in Table 2 below.

[Table 2]

Claims (5)

[Claims] The present invention relates to (1) cutting off a medium without soil strength from rainwater and the earth, (2) germinating or planting the crop, (3) cutting off water and nitrogen fertilizer after germination or planting, and (4) withering the crop. At the beginning, apply a small amount of water and fertilizer about 1/10 to 1/100 of the conventional (plowing method), and repeat (5), (3) and (4) to absorb water and absorb water near the ground surface. (6) In the method of cultivating a plant that produces a fast root with strong fertilization, (6) when the stem grows about 30 cm long from the top of the support, It is bent in a substantially parabolic shape in the opposite direction, and the stem is drooped with the growth point facing downward. (7) For each branch of the inflorescence, about 90 to 12 to the left or right.
A method for cultivating a tomato, characterized in that the surface texture of the branch is slightly damaged by twisting it by 0 degrees. 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is planted so that the flower clusters face the passage. 3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the stem is bent in a parabolic shape at the top of the support, and the true leaves up to the inflorescence of the harvested portion are removed. 4. After the stem is bent in a parabolic shape at the top of the support, when the number of steps of 10 to 30 is obtained, the growth point is set by leaving two true leaves at the tip of the inflorescence. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation is performed. 5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the leaves are harvested while harvesting three to four stages from the root of the plant.