CN109042041B - Method for cultivating high-medicinal-value actinidia arguta roots by using root limiting container - Google Patents
Method for cultivating high-medicinal-value actinidia arguta roots by using root limiting container Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042041B CN109042041B CN201811232169.4A CN201811232169A CN109042041B CN 109042041 B CN109042041 B CN 109042041B CN 201811232169 A CN201811232169 A CN 201811232169A CN 109042041 B CN109042041 B CN 109042041B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating high-medicinal-value actinidia arguta roots by using a root limiting container, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a root limiting container, preparing a matrix, building a T-shaped shed frame, planting and harvesting roots, and is assisted with a matched drip irrigation facility and a later-stage management technology. The method can improve the yield of the actinidia arguta roots, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water, effectively save matrix and post-harvest labor, and is suitable for seedling of the actinidia arguta, or seedlings of actinidia arguta which takes the actinidia arguta as a stock and is grafted with other varieties on the ground, so that the income of the actinidia arguta roots can be additionally increased while the economic income of the ground is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating roots of actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using a root limiting container.
Background
Maohuayan fruit (Chinese gooseberry)Actinidia erianthaBenth.) also named Maohuayan peach, white vine peach and white peach isThe product has high nutritional value of fruits, has dry roots of the Chinese holly root which is the traditional Chinese medicine of the national nationality, has the efficacies of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling, detoxifying and the like, is used for resisting tumors, resisting oxidation, reducing enzyme, protecting liver, regulating immunity, relieving fever, easing pain and the like, and particularly has high important value in the aspect of resisting tumors (Xu H S, Wu Y W, Xu S F, Antitumor and immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from the roots of Actinidia eutaha [ J S, J S F]Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009, 125(2): 310-. In recent years, due to high cancer, the market demand for the actinidia arguta roots is increased, the phenomenon of excessive mining and digging is serious, wild resources are damaged, and the artificial cultivation of actinidia arguta becomes an increasing trend year by year.
The picking, digging and storing of the actinidia arguta are difficult. Although the kiwi fruit is a shallow-rooted fruit tree, the vertical distribution of the root systems of mature kiwi fruit plants is mainly concentrated in a soil layer of 20-60 cm, the distribution depth of the root systems in the soil is different due to different soil qualities, and the distribution depth of the root systems in deep and loose soil can exceed 4 m. The root system of Chinese gooseberry is generally wider than the overground part, the distribution range is about 3 times of the diameter of a crown, the main root of the Chinese gooseberry gradually weakens and stops growing in the development process, the growth speed of the lateral roots is increased to gradually replace the growth of the main root, and only a few lateral roots in the root group continuously extend and grow thickly to form the bone stock root as the tree ages grow. The kiwi fruit roots in a wild or garden cultivation state are easy to wind among plants, so that the difficulty of root harvesting is increased.
In addition, the root growth and the shoot growth of the kiwi fruit are alternately performed. The first time of the root system growth peak period is from the late 5 th to the end of 6 months, the second time of the root system growth peak period is from the middle 8 th to the early 9 th months, and the 3 rd time of the root system growth peak period is from the late 9 th to the 10 months. The main medicinal part of the actinidia arguta is the root, the harvesting time is about 30 d after fruit harvesting, and because the actinidia arguta fruit has high economic value, the harvesting amount of the root system is less than 1/2 of the whole plant, so that the fruit production in the next year is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating the root of actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using a root limiting container, wherein the root of actinidia arguta is cultivated by using the root limiting container, and a matched management and harvesting method is adopted, so that the yield of the actinidia arguta root is improved, and simultaneously, the substrate, the fertilizer water and the post-harvesting labor are effectively saved; in addition, the method is suitable for growing the actinidia arguta seedlings, or taking the actinidia arguta as the stock and grafting the actinidia arguta seedlings of other varieties on the overground part, and can additionally increase the income of the actinidia arguta roots without influencing the economic income of the overground part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for cultivating the root of Actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using a root-limiting container comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a root limiting container: the root limiting container comprises a barrel-shaped container, two partition plates which are crossed and divide the barrel-shaped container into 4 subareas are arranged in the middle of the barrel-shaped container, U-shaped notches which are matched with each other to form a U-shaped concave cavity are respectively arranged in the middle of the two partition plates, the U-shaped concave cavity is used for planting seedlings and used for inserting a main upright post, a drain hole is arranged at the junction of the barrel-shaped container wall and the bottom of the partition plates, and a valve body is arranged on the drain hole;
(2) preparing a matrix: adopting sandy loam, peat soil and base fertilizer in a certain proportion as a culture medium, adjusting the pH value of the culture medium to 6.2-6.5 by quicklime or hydrochloric acid, sterilizing by steam at 80-100 ℃ for 40-60 min, and filling into the root limiting container in the step (1).
(3) T-shaped shed frame construction: the T-shaped shed frame comprises a main stand column used for being inserted into the middle of the root limiting container, a cross beam is arranged at the upper end of the main stand column, and 4 longitudinally parallel steel wires are arranged above the cross beam at intervals.
(4) Planting: annual seedling of seedling actinidia arguta or annual seedling of actinidia arguta with actinidia arguta as stock and other varieties grafted on the overground part as seedling, planting in a root limiting container filled with culture medium, arranging water and fertilizer integrated drip arrows in 4 subareas of the root limiting container, keeping the water content of the culture medium at 55-70%,
(5) root harvesting: after planting for 3-4 years, harvesting the actinidia arguta roots in a contra-direction harvesting mode 12 months per year; the opposite harvesting mode comprises the following steps: opening the root limiting container, cutting off all the roots of the actinidia arguta which are below 25cm from the main root and are located in two opposite subareas by using sterilizing scissors, then coating plant ash and rooting powder on the wound of the main root, airing, filling and sterilizing a matrix for cultivation, and harvesting the actinidia arguta roots in the two opposite subareas every 2 years after harvesting.
Further, the diameter of the barrel-shaped container in the step (1) is 1.3-1.5m, and the height is 0.6-0.8 m; the diameter of the U-shaped gap in the clapboard is 0.3-0.4m, and the height is 0.4-0.5 m; the partition plate is made of a perforated root controller plate.
Further, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the sandy loam to the peat soil to the base fertilizer is 5:4:1, and the base fertilizer is decomposed bean cakes or cattle, sheep or pig manure.
Further, the main upright column in the step (3) is a cement column with the height from the ground of 1.8m and the side length of 8 multiplied by 10 cm; the beam is made of angle iron, the length of the angle iron is 2.0m, the thickness of the angle iron is 5mm, and the steel wire is a coated steel wire.
Further, the planting distance of the seedlings planted in the step (4) is 3 x 3 m.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the traditional cultivation method has the advantages that the hairy kiwi fruit roots are wide in distribution range, easy to wind, time-consuming and labor-consuming to harvest, and easy to damage large-area roots, the yield is low, and the recovery of root system growth and fruit yield of overground parts in the next year is not facilitated. Utilize limit root container cultivation hair flower kiwi fruit root, can be with hair flower kiwi fruit root control in the container range, and limit root container repeatedly openable, repack, in addition, the mode of subtending harvesting has the facility of gathering, can once all gather the kiwi fruit root to container subregion within range, do not cause extravagant characteristics, simultaneously, another subtend container subregion's of not gathering kiwi fruit root can satisfy the next year kiwi fruit tree trend recovery and the nutrition and the moisture absorption demand of root growth, do not influence or reduce the economic income that influences the overground part of next year.
2. The root limiting container is isolated by two crossed partition boards with U-shaped notches, roots are not easy to wind, the sterilized matrix is aired and refilled by coating plant ash and rooting powder after the root limiting container is harvested, the operation is simple and convenient, and the problems that root rot is easily generated and the roots are slow to recover and grow in the traditional root harvesting method are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a root trap;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a root containment vessel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a U-shaped partition plate in the root limiting container;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the T-shaped shelf and the root limiting container;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the root status of a 4-year-old wild actinidia arguta with that of a container-cultivated wild actinidia arguta;
in the figure: 1-barrel-shaped container, 2-first partition board, 3-second partition board, 4-U-shaped concave cavity, 5-main upright post, 6-steel wire and 7-cross beam.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
1. preparing a root limiting container: the root limiting container comprises a barrel-shaped container with the diameter of 1.5m and the height of 0.8m, two partition plates which are crossed and divide the barrel-shaped container into 4 partitions are arranged in the middle of the barrel-shaped container, each partition plate is made of a root control device plate with holes, U-shaped notches which are matched to form U-shaped cavities are respectively arranged in the middle of the two partition plates, the U-shaped cavities are used for planting seedlings and inserting main upright posts, the diameter of each U-shaped notch is 0.4m and the height of each U-shaped notch is 0.5m, drain holes are formed in the junction of the bottom of the barrel-shaped container wall and the partition plates, and valve bodies are arranged on the drain holes.
2. Preparing a matrix: preparing a culture substrate by using southern mountain sandy loam, peat soil and fully-decomposed sheep manure base fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 5:4:1, sterilizing under high pressure, adjusting the pH value of the substrate to 6.2 by using quick lime, and filling the substrate into a root limiting container.
3. Building a frame: a cement column with the height from the ground of 1.8m and the side length of 8 multiplied by 10cm is used as a main upright column, the lower end of the main upright column is inserted into a root limiting container filled with a culture medium, an angle iron with the length of 2.0m and the thickness of 5mm is arranged at the upper end of the main upright column and used as a cross beam, and 4 longitudinally parallel coated steel wires are arranged above the cross beam in a pulling way, so that the T-shaped shed frame is obtained.
4. Planting: in 1 month, digging wild actinidia arguta with high-efficacy components at the root from an altitude mountain area of about 400m for field planting, controlling the plant-row spacing to be 3 multiplied by 3m, strictly performing water management and pest control according to a standardized kiwi cultivation technology, and culturing a single thick and strong stem.
5. Grafting: selecting a scion with a plump flower bud of a red meat variety 'Hongyang' kiwi fruit with a good market price, cutting off the partial branches at the position 1.5m away from the ground of the annual stock and completely lignified in step 3 in the second year and 2 months after field planting, performing high-position grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, and controlling the tree potential to be in a 180-degree double-opening fishbone shape by shaping and trimming.
6. Harvesting: from the 3 rd year of planting, the kiwi fruit with the red sun is harvested in the middle ten of 9 months, and the kiwi fruit root with the hairy flower is harvested in the middle ten of 12 months every year. Adopts a counter harvesting mode, and comprises the following specific steps: opening the root limiting container, cutting off all the roots of the actinidia arguta which are below 25cm from the main root and are located in two opposite subareas by using sterilizing scissors, then coating plant ash and rooting powder on the wound of the main root, airing, filling and sterilizing a matrix for cultivation, and harvesting the actinidia arguta roots in the two opposite subareas every 2 years after harvesting.
Table 1 shows data of root yield and fruit yield of next year overground part of the direct cultivation and container cultivation of white kiwi fruit, and it can be known from table 1 that the container cultivation can increase the root yield by 30.4% without affecting the fruit yield of next year on the basis of direct overground cultivation method, and the method has the characteristics of convenient harvesting, fertilizer and water saving, labor saving and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating the root of Actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using a root-limiting container is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a root limiting container: the root limiting container comprises a barrel-shaped container, two partition plates which are crossed in a cross manner and divide the barrel-shaped container into 4 subareas are arranged in the middle of the barrel-shaped container, U-shaped notches which are matched with each other to form a U-shaped concave cavity are respectively arranged in the middle of the two partition plates, a drain hole is arranged at the junction of the barrel-shaped container wall and the bottom of the partition plates, and a valve body is arranged on the drain hole;
(2) preparing a matrix: adopting sandy loam, peat soil and base fertilizer in a certain mass ratio as a culture medium, adjusting the pH value of the culture medium to 6.2-6.5 by using quicklime or hydrochloric acid, sterilizing by steam at 80-100 ℃ for 40-60 min, and filling into the root limiting container in the step (1);
(3) t-shaped shed frame construction: the T-shaped shed frame comprises a main upright post inserted into the middle part of the root limiting container, the upper end of the main upright post is provided with a cross beam, and 4 longitudinally parallel steel wires are arranged above the cross beam at intervals;
(4) planting: planting annual seedlings of seedling actinidia arguta or annual seedlings of actinidia arguta with actinidia arguta as a stock and other varieties grafted on the overground part as seedlings in a root limiting container filled with a culture medium, arranging water and fertilizer integrated drip arrows in 4 subareas of the root limiting container, and keeping the water content of the culture medium to be 55-70%;
(5) root harvesting: after planting for 3-4 years, harvesting the actinidia arguta roots in a contra-direction harvesting mode 12 months per year; the opposite harvesting mode comprises the following steps: opening a root limiting container, cutting off all the roots of the actinidia arguta which are below 25cm from the main root and are positioned in two opposite subareas by using sterilizing scissors, then coating plant ash and rooting powder on the wound of the main root, airing, filling and sterilizing a matrix for cultivation, and harvesting the actinidia arguta roots in the two opposite subareas every 2 years;
the diameter of the barrel-shaped container in the step (1) is 1.3-1.5m, and the height is 0.6-0.8 m; the diameter of the U-shaped gap in the clapboard is 0.3-0.4m, and the height is 0.4-0.5 m; the partition plate is made of a perforated root controller plate.
2. The method for cultivating the roots of actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using the root limiting container as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root limiting container comprises: the mass ratio of the sandy loam, the peat soil and the base fertilizer in the step (2) is 5:4:1, and the base fertilizer is decomposed bean cakes or cattle, sheep or pig manure.
3. The method for cultivating the roots of actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using the root limiting container as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root limiting container comprises: in the step (3), the main upright column is a cement column with the height from the ground of 1.8m and the side length of 8 multiplied by 10 cm; the beam is made of angle iron, the length of the angle iron is 2.0m, the thickness of the angle iron is 5mm, and the steel wire is a coated steel wire.
4. The method for cultivating the roots of actinidia arguta with high medicinal value by using the root limiting container as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root limiting container comprises: the planting distance of the seedlings planted in the step (4) is 3 multiplied by 3 m.
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| CN112136530A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Rapid cultivation method for kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings |
| CN112535080B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-04-08 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Method for improving formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush root medicines |
| CN114916362B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2024-01-16 | 浙江大学 | Chinese cherry groove type root limiting rapid cultivation method |
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| CN102763537A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏农景生态建设有限公司 | Root-control container seedling raising method for large seedlings of Zelkova serrata |
| CN204031935U (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 张�林 | A kind of moveable vertical planting combination box |
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| CN202285679U (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-07-04 | 郑炜 | Growing zone dividing board |
| CN103404401A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-11-27 | 重庆市善感农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting kiwi fruits |
| CN105724165B (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2018-12-04 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of facility cultivation method of suitable cool region protecting field Kiwi berry |
| CN206136747U (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-05-03 | 宁夏回族自治区林业技术推广总站 | Accuse root plant tub is downgraded to fruit tree |
| CN206791140U (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-12-26 | 江门市浩伦生态农业有限公司 | The restraint-type cultivation of fruit tree device of rhizosphere half |
| CN107439307A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-08 | 温州科技职业学院 | Kiwi berry and radix tetrastigme solid composite cultivation method |
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| CN102763537A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏农景生态建设有限公司 | Root-control container seedling raising method for large seedlings of Zelkova serrata |
| CN204031935U (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 张�林 | A kind of moveable vertical planting combination box |
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