CN112136530A - Rapid cultivation method for kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings - Google Patents

Rapid cultivation method for kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112136530A
CN112136530A CN202011034580.8A CN202011034580A CN112136530A CN 112136530 A CN112136530 A CN 112136530A CN 202011034580 A CN202011034580 A CN 202011034580A CN 112136530 A CN112136530 A CN 112136530A
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Prior art keywords
seedlings
kiwi
planting
parts
soil
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Inventor
蒋桥生
叶开玉
莫权辉
李洁维
刘平平
龚弘娟
王发明
齐贝贝
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Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
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Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and discloses a rapid cultivation method of kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings, which comprises the steps of planting and cultivating kiwi fruit stock seedlings; grafting by adopting a single-bud cutting method to obtain a grafted seedling; removing the kiwi fruit plant, and covering a nutrition bag at the root part; planting the grafted kiwi fruit seedlings; after the field planting is finished, carrying out drip irrigation on the kiwi grafted seedlings by using nutrient solution so that the nutrient solution completely permeates the soil; and (5) performing post-planting management. The cultivation method can realize the current-year cultivation and current-year outplanting of the grafted seedlings, the root systems are developed, and the planting survival rate is high; the fruiting can be put into operation in the second year after the planting, so that the production period is shortened; provides a means for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests easily occurring in the cultivation, and can reduce the spread of the diseases and the insect pests. The average yield per mu of the kiwi fruits cultivated by the method reaches more than 1500 kilograms, the economic benefit can be improved, and the gap of market demands of the kiwi fruits is filled.

Description

Rapid cultivation method for kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a rapid cultivation method of kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings.
Background
At present: the kiwi fruit is rich in various vitamins and nutrient elements, the kiwi fruit is rich in meat, fat and juice, fragrant and delicious, pleasant in sour and sweet taste, and storage-resistant, and is known as the king of fruit; therefore, the tea is very popular with people. Has high economic value and cultivation value. The Actinidia chinensis belongs to Actinidiaceae, is a kind of vine fruit tree, belongs to positive tree species, is resistant to semiyin, is fond of shady and humid environment, and is afraid of drought, waterlogging and wind. The method is suitable for planting in places with mild weather, abundant rainfall, fertile soil, good drainage, moderate humus soil and sandy loam and slightly acidic soil with the pH value of 5.5-6.5.
In China, the kiwi fruit is mainly planted by planting seedlings firstly and then grafting after the seedlings grow for 1 year to build a garden. Due to the fact that the threshold for cultivating the seedlings is low, technical difficulty is low, the self-propagation and self-breeding self-selling phenomenon of farmers is common in production, the quality of seedlings is uneven, the survival rate of the seedlings in field planting is low, the survival rate of grafting after field planting is poor, the seedlings can be put into operation after 2-3 years, and enter a high-yield period after 3-5 years, and production and management cost is greatly increased. In addition, in the grafting process, the scion source is complex, so that convenience is provided for the propagation and spread of canker, and the healthy and continuous development of the kiwi fruit industry is not facilitated.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the wood quantity of the kiwi fruit seedlings is uneven, the planting survival rate of the seedlings is low, the grafting survival rate after planting is poor, and the production and management cost is increased; in addition, the scion source is complex in the grafting process, so that the disease spreading of the kiwi fruit is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rapid cultivation method of kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings.
The invention is realized in such a way that a rapid cultivation method of kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings comprises the following steps:
planting and cultivating a kiwi fruit stock seedling to obtain a robust stock seedling;
step two, grafting the robust rootstock seedling at a position 10cm-15cm above the rootstock position by adopting a single-bud cutting method to obtain a grafted seedling;
step three, moving out the grafted kiwi fruit seedlings, and sleeving a nutrition bag on the root system part;
step four, performing field planting on the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings with the nutrition bags;
step five, carrying out drip irrigation on the kiwi grafted seedlings within 10 days after field planting to enable the nutrient solution to completely permeate the soil;
and step six, performing post-planting management.
Further, in the step one, the planting and cultivating of the kiwi fruit stock seedling specifically comprises:
(1) selecting an area with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting area, and selecting sandy soil with the soil pH value less than 6.5;
(2) ditching, fertilizing and soil preparation;
(3) carrying out male-female matching planting on kiwi plants, wherein the male-female ratio of the plants is 6: 1;
(4) building a hedge frame in the root area of the kiwi fruit, and attaching the kiwi fruit seedlings to the hedge frame;
(5) and (5) performing seedbed management to ensure that robust stock seedlings are cultured.
Further, in the step (2), the ditching, fertilizing and soil preparation specifically comprises:
a, deeply digging soil, and arranging parallel ditches, wherein the row spacing of the ditches is 3m, the width of each ditch is 1m, and the depth of each ditch is 1 m;
step B, applying the fruit tree fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fruit tree fertilizer is 5-6t/667m2
C, uniformly mixing the applied fruit tree fertilizer with soil, backfilling after uniformly mixing, and leveling with the ground;
d, irrigating, stopping irrigating when the water surface height exceeds the ground by 3-5mm, and fusing water and soil;
and E, forming a 30cm ditch after the water is settled, and paving the drip irrigation pipeline along the ditch.
Further, in the step B, the fruit and wood fertilizer consists of 6-8 parts of peat particles, 5-6 parts of charcoal powder, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 7-9 parts of decomposed pig manure, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 4-5 parts of corn flour and 3-4 parts of bagasse in parts by mass.
Further, in the second step, the grafting by adopting the single-bud cutting and grafting method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a scion which grows fully and has a small medulla part, cutting a branch section with a bud and a length of 3-4cm, and selecting a straight surface to cut off a cortex;
b. cutting a short oblique cutting surface of 45-50 degrees on the reverse side of the cutting surface, cutting the stock at a position 10-15cm away from the ground, selecting a smooth surface and downwards cutting a cut, wherein the length of the cutting surface is slightly longer than that of the scion cutting surface, and peeling 2/3 the stock;
c. inserting scions, wherein the size of the scions is the same as that of the rootstocks;
d. aligning the stock forming layer, and then wrapping with a plastic grafting film to expose scion bud eyes.
Further, in the step a, the selecting of the straight surface for peeling off the skin layer specifically comprises: the length of the sliced surface is 2-3cm, and the depth of the cutting is to expose the xylem.
Further, in the third step, the nutrition bag is a root control container, the nutrition bag is filled with a mixture of fertilizer and soil, and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil is 1: 6.
Further, the fertilizer comprises 6-8 parts of straws, 15-17 parts of farmyard manure and 2-5 parts of calcium superphosphate according to parts by weight.
Further, in the fourth step, before the field planting, the hardening off of the seedlings is carried out, specifically:
and (4) moving the kiwi fruit plants out of the covering sunshade net, hardening seedlings for 8-10 days, keeping the leaves upright and not bending when the seedlings are at 11-13 points, and planting.
Further, in the fifth step, the nutrient solution is composed of 8-10 parts by mass of a potassium fertilizer solution, 9-12 parts by mass of a nitrogen fertilizer solution, 3-4 parts by mass of sucrose, 3-6 parts by mass of glyphosine and 1-2 parts by mass of EM bacteria.
Further, in the sixth step, the performing post-planting management specifically includes:
1) irrigating water after field planting, and opening a drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation at 16 pm until soil is completely absorbed; the drip irrigation frequency is 8-10 days/time;
2) after 8-15 days of field planting, irrigating roots by using a mixed solution of a compound fertilizer and a nutrient solution to ensure that the mixed solution is completely permeated;
3) bud picking is carried out 15-18 days after planting, the tree tip with the young tip length of 35-40cm is subjected to pinching, 1-2 leaves are left on each tip, and the buds on the subsidiary tip and the lower stock are removed;
4) weeding and pest control.
Further, in step 4), the pest control comprises:
the method for preventing and treating the ulcer disease comprises the following steps: spraying a disinfectant once after trimming and cleaning the garden comprehensively, and selecting a medicine with sterilization to spray and kill in a growing season;
the control method of the apple leafroll comprises the following steps: adult insects are trapped and killed by using lamplight, and 80% trichlorfon is sprayed for control.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the cultivation method can realize the current-year cultivation and current-year outplanting of the grafted seedlings, the root systems are developed, and the planting survival rate is high; the fruit bearing can be put into operation in the second year after the field planting, and compared with the fruit bearing in 3-4 years after the field planting by the conventional method, the fruit bearing period is greatly shortened; provides an effective prevention and control means for diseases and insect pests which are easy to occur in cultivation, and can reduce the spread of the diseases and the insect pests. The average yield per mu of the kiwi fruits cultivated by the method reaches more than 1500 kilograms, the economic benefit can be improved, and the gap of market demands of the kiwi fruits is filled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapidly cultivating kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart for planting and cultivating a kiwi fruit stock seedling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for ditching, fertilizing and soil preparation according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of grafting by using a single-bud cutting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of performing post-planting management according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rapid cultivation method of kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for quickly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi nutrition bag provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, planting and cultivating the kiwi fruit stock seedlings to obtain robust stock seedlings;
s102, grafting the robust rootstock seedling at a position 10cm-15cm above the rootstock position by adopting a single-bud cutting method to obtain a grafted seedling;
s103, moving out the kiwi fruit plant, and sleeving a nutrition bag on the root part;
s104, planting the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings with the nutrition bags;
s105, carrying out drip irrigation on the kiwi grafted seedlings within 10 days after field planting to enable the nutrient solution to completely permeate the soil;
and S106, performing post-planting management.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S101, the planting and cultivating of the kiwi fruit rootstock seedling provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
s201, selecting an area with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting area, and selecting sandy soil with the soil pH value less than 7;
s202, ditching, fertilizing and soil preparation are carried out;
s203, carrying out male-female matching planting on kiwi fruit plants, wherein the male-female ratio of the plants is 6: 1;
s204, building a hedge frame in the root area of the kiwi fruit, and attaching the kiwi fruit seedlings to the hedge frame;
and S205, performing seedbed management to ensure that robust stock seedlings are cultured.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S202, the ditching, fertilizing and soil-improving method provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
s301, deeply digging soil, and arranging parallel ditches, wherein the row spacing of the ditches is 3m, the width of each ditch is 1m, and the depth of each ditch is 1 m;
s302, applying a fruit tree fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fruit tree fertilizer is 5-6t/667m2
S303, uniformly mixing the applied fruit tree fertilizer with soil, backfilling after uniformly mixing, and leveling with the ground;
s304, irrigating water, stopping irrigating when the water surface height exceeds the ground by 3-5mm, and fusing water and soil;
and S305, forming a 30cm ditch after the water is settled, and paving the drip irrigation pipeline along the ditch.
In step S302, the fruit and wood fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 6-8 parts of peat particles, 5-6 parts of charcoal powder, 1-2 parts of a microbial agent, 7-9 parts of decomposed pig manure, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 4-5 parts of corn flour and 3-4 parts of bagasse.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S102, the grafting by using the single-bud cutting method provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
s401, selecting a scion which grows fully and has a small medulla part, cutting a branch segment with a bud and a length of 3-4cm, and selecting a straight surface to cut off a cortex;
s402, cutting a short oblique cutting surface of 45-50 degrees on the reverse side of the cutting surface, cutting the stock at a position 10-15cm away from the ground, selecting a smooth surface and downwards cutting a cut, wherein the cutting surface length is slightly longer than that of the scion cutting surface, and peeling 2/3 the stock;
s403, inserting a scion, wherein the size of the scion is the same as that of the stock;
and S404, aligning the stock forming layer, and then wrapping the stock forming layer by using a plastic grafting film to expose scion eyes.
In step S401, the selecting a straight side to peel off the skin layer provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: the length of the sliced surface is 2-3cm, and the depth of the cutting is to expose the xylem.
In step S103, the nutrition bag provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a root control container, and the mixture of fertilizer and soil is filled in the nutrition bag, and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil is 1: 6.
The fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 6-8 parts of straws, 15-17 parts of farmyard manure and 2-5 parts of calcium superphosphate according to parts by mass.
In step S104, before performing field planting, hardening off seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically:
and (4) moving the kiwi fruit plants out of the covering sunshade net, hardening seedlings for 8-10 days, keeping the leaves upright and not bending when the seedlings are at 11-13 points, and planting.
In step S105, the nutrient solution provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 8-10 parts by mass of a potassium fertilizer solution, 9-12 parts by mass of a nitrogen fertilizer solution, 3-4 parts by mass of sucrose, 3-6 parts by mass of glyphosate and 1-2 parts by mass of EM (effective microorganisms).
As shown in fig. 5, in step S106, the performing post-planting management provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
s501, irrigating after field planting, and opening a drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation at 16 pm until soil is completely absorbed; the drip irrigation frequency is 8-10 days/time;
s502, irrigating roots 8-15 days after planting by using a mixed solution of a compound fertilizer and a nutrient solution to ensure that the mixed solution is completely permeated;
s503, bud picking is carried out 15-18 days after planting, the tree tips with the young shoot length of 35-40cm are subjected to pinching, 1-2 leaves are reserved on each tip, and meanwhile, the subsidiary tips and the sprouts on the rootstocks on the lower part are removed;
and S504, weeding and pest control.
In step S504, the pest control provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the method for preventing and treating the ulcer disease comprises the following steps: spraying a disinfectant once after trimming and cleaning the garden comprehensively, and selecting a medicine with sterilization to spray and kill in a growing season;
the control method of the apple leafroll comprises the following steps: adult insects are trapped and killed by using lamplight, and 80% trichlorfon is sprayed for control.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
planting and cultivating the kiwi fruit stock seedlings to obtain robust stock seedlings; grafting the robust rootstock seedling at a position 8cm-10cm above the rootstock position by adopting a single-bud cutting method to obtain a grafted seedling; removing the kiwi fruit plant, and covering a nutrition bag at the root part; planting the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings with the nutrition bags;
drip irrigation of nutrient solution is carried out on the grafted kiwi fruit seedlings within 10 days after field planting is finished, so that the nutrient solution completely permeates the soil; and (5) performing post-planting management.
Example 2:
comparing the conventional kiwi fruit planting method with the planting method provided in example 1, the comparison results are as follows:
Figure BDA0002704800800000071
the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A rapid cultivation method of kiwi nutrition bag grafted seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
planting and cultivating a kiwi fruit stock seedling to obtain a robust stock seedling;
step two, grafting the robust rootstock seedling at a position 8cm-10cm above the rootstock position by adopting a single-bud cutting method to obtain a grafted seedling;
step three, moving out the grafted kiwi fruit seedlings, and sleeving a nutrition bag on the root system part;
step four, performing field planting on the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings with the nutrition bags;
step five, carrying out drip irrigation on the kiwi grafted seedlings within 10 days after field planting to enable the nutrient solution to completely permeate the soil;
and step six, performing post-planting management.
2. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi nutrition bag according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the planting and cultivating of the kiwi rootstock seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) selecting an area with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting area, and selecting sandy soil with the soil pH value less than 6.5;
(2) ditching, fertilizing and soil preparation;
(3) carrying out male-female matching planting on kiwi plants, wherein the male-female ratio of the plants is 6: 1;
(4) building a hedge frame in the root area of the kiwi fruit, and attaching the kiwi fruit seedlings to the hedge frame;
(5) and (5) performing seedbed management to ensure that robust stock seedlings are cultured.
3. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi nutrition bag according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ditching, fertilizing and soil preparation specifically comprises:
a, deeply digging soil, and arranging parallel ditches, wherein the row spacing of the ditches is 3m, the width of each ditch is 1m, and the depth of each ditch is 1 m;
step B, applying the fruit tree fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fruit tree fertilizer is 5-6t/667m2
C, uniformly mixing the applied fruit tree fertilizer with soil, backfilling after uniformly mixing, and leveling with the ground;
d, irrigating, stopping irrigating when the water surface height exceeds the ground by 3-5mm, and fusing water and soil;
and E, forming a 30cm ditch after the water is settled, and paving the drip irrigation pipeline along the ditch.
4. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi fruit nutrition bag according to claim 3, wherein in the step B, the fruit and wood fertilizer comprises 6-8 parts by mass of peat particles, 5-6 parts by mass of charcoal powder, 1-2 parts by mass of microbial agent, 7-9 parts by mass of decomposed pig manure, 2-3 parts by mass of humic acid, 4-5 parts by mass of corn flour and 3-4 parts by mass of bagasse.
5. The method for rapidly cultivating the kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the grafting by adopting the single-bud cutting method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a scion which grows fully and has a small medulla part, cutting a branch section with a bud and a length of 3-4cm, and selecting a straight surface to cut off a cortex;
b. cutting a short oblique cutting surface of 45-50 degrees on the reverse side of the cutting surface, cutting the stock at a position 10-15cm away from the ground, selecting a smooth surface and downwards cutting a cut, wherein the length of the cutting surface is slightly longer than that of the scion cutting surface, and peeling 2/3 the stock;
c. inserting scions, wherein the size of the scions is the same as that of the rootstocks;
d. aligning the stock forming layer, and then wrapping with a plastic grafting film to expose scion bud eyes.
6. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi nutrition bag according to claim 5, wherein in the step a, the step of selecting the straight surface to be peeled comprises the following specific steps: the length of the sliced surface is 2-3cm, and the depth of the cutting is to expose the xylem.
7. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi nutrition bag according to the claim 1, wherein in the third step, the nutrition bag is a root control container, the nutrition bag is filled with a mixture of fertilizer and soil, and the ratio of organic fertilizer to soil is 1: 6.
8. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi fruit nutrition bag according to claim 7, wherein the fertilizer comprises 6-8 parts by weight of straw, 15-17 parts by weight of farmyard manure and 2-5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate.
9. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi fruit nutrition bag according to the claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, before the field planting, the hardening of the seedlings is further performed, and specifically:
and (4) moving the kiwi fruit plants out of the covering sunshade net, hardening seedlings for 8-10 days, keeping the leaves upright and not bending when the seedlings are at 11-13 points, and planting.
10. The method for rapidly cultivating the grafted seedlings of the kiwi nutrition bag according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 8-10 parts of a potassium fertilizer solution, 9-12 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer solution, 3-4 parts of sucrose, 3-6 parts of glyphosine and 1-2 parts of EM bacteria;
in the sixth step, the performing post-planting management specifically comprises:
1) irrigating water after field planting, and opening a drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation at 16 pm until soil is completely absorbed; the drip irrigation frequency is 8-10 days/time;
2) after 8-15 days of field planting, irrigating roots by using a mixed solution of a compound fertilizer and a nutrient solution to ensure that the mixed solution is completely permeated;
3) bud picking is carried out 15-18 days after planting, the tree tip with the young tip length of 35-40cm is subjected to pinching, 1-2 leaves are left on each tip, and the buds on the subsidiary tip and the lower stock are removed;
4) weeding and pest control;
in the step 4), the pest control comprises the following steps:
the method for preventing and treating the ulcer disease comprises the following steps: spraying a disinfectant once after trimming and cleaning the garden comprehensively, and selecting a medicine with sterilization to spray and kill in a growing season;
the control method of the apple leafroll comprises the following steps: adult insects are killed by temptation and 80% of dichlorvos are sprayed for control.
CN202011034580.8A 2020-09-27 2020-09-27 Rapid cultivation method for kiwi fruit nutrition bag grafted seedlings Pending CN112136530A (en)

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