CN104770265A - Organic pear tree planting process - Google Patents
Organic pear tree planting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770265A CN104770265A CN201510193100.5A CN201510193100A CN104770265A CN 104770265 A CN104770265 A CN 104770265A CN 201510193100 A CN201510193100 A CN 201510193100A CN 104770265 A CN104770265 A CN 104770265A
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Abstract
The invention provides an organic pear tree planting process which comprises the steps of vegetative cultivation, soil treatment, planting, fertilizer application, fruit thinning, pruning, pest control, fruit collection and package, wherein organic fertilizers are taken as main fertilizers, and disinsection is realized by use of a physical mode and a trapping and killing mode, so that ecological pears without pesticide residues can be obtained by planting; the soil is effectively utilized, no pesticide residue exists, the fruit quality is high, fruit pulp is fine, tender and fragile, and pears are juicy and flavorful, and are resistant to storage and conveying; the pears are free from pesticide residues, large in size and smooth in fruit skin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gardening, technical field of cultivation, especially a kind of pears organic grow technique.
Background technology
Pears are rose family Pyrus L, perennial deciduous tree fruit tree, and leaf is avette, and how whitely spend, the color of general pears is that crust presents golden yellow or warm yellow, and the inside pulp is then well-illuminated white, fresh and tender succulence, and taste is sweet, the micro-acid of core taste.Kind has pear, Chinese pear, bergamot pear, apple pear, water-rich areas etc. multiple.
The biological property of pears is: the adaptability of environment is stronger than apple to external world; Cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance; The area of winter minimum temperature more than-25 degree, most kind can safe overwintering.Well developed root system, happiness light happiness temperature, soil layer deep, well-drained gentle slope mountain planting should be selected, especially with sand loam mountain region for ideal; Well developed root system, vertical root can reach more than 2-3m deeply, and horizontal branch is distributed more widely, is about hat about 2 times; Dryness is strong, and layer is more obvious; Early, fruiting period is long, and namely part kind 2-3 starts result, and the full bearing period can maintain more than 50 years for result; Most kind first Post flowering exhibition leaf.
Pears contain a large amount of protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and glucose, fructose, malic acid, carotin and multivitamin, the sweet micro-acid of taste, cool in nature, enter lung, stomach warp; Have and promote the production of body fluid, moisturize, heat-clearing, to reduce phlegm, the effect of relieving the effect of alcohol; For diseases such as the dry cough caused by consumption of YIN caused by febrile disease or the deficiency of Yin, thirsty, constipation, also can be used for the polydipsia caused by interior heat, cough diseases such as breathing heavily, phlegm is yellow.
Existing pear tree method for planting is similar to other plant cultivating mode, generally include and plant, fertilising, draining is irrigated, flower thinning, fruit thinning, prune, the extermination of disease and insect pest, winter clear garden, fruit harvesting and packaging step, but, usually interplanting other plant is there is no between plant in orchard, some is in order to avoid waste, planting forage grass, but, availability is still lower, in addition, flower thinning, fruit thinning is according to flower mostly, thick rare suitable adjustment of fruit, there is no the pitch requirements of science, be unfavorable for fruit growth, affect fruit quality, they are three years old, when the extermination of disease and insect pest, usual employing pesticide control, and pesticide pollution fruit, residue of pesticide cause out-of-date quality lower.
In view of the foregoing, a kind of pears organic grow technique is now developed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of pears organic grow technique is provided, adopt fertilizer as main fertilizer, utilize the mode desinsection of physics, trapping, thus plant out the ecological pears of non agricultural chemical residuum; Effectively can utilize soil, and non agricultural chemical residuum, fruit quality is high, and pulp delicacy is crisp, thick-flavor, comparatively storage tolerance; There is non agricultural chemical residuum amount, and head is large, peel smooth.
The present invention to achieve these goals, adopts following technical scheme: a kind of pears organic grow technique,
Vegetative cultivation: the planting forage grass in the ranks outside the tree dish of theatre, cradles 6-10 time every year, is covered between strain by the herbage cradled; Select seedling: the height of pears nursery stock is 80-100cm, and the diameter of the above limb of grafting mouth is at least 0.7cm; The density of field planting: seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, 60-80 strain/500m; Row is to being north-south; The time of field planting: pears seedling fallen leaves are to February next year;
Soil treatment: individual month of 1-2 before field planting, according to row to opening railway carriage or compartment, first opening the field planting ditch that the degree of depth is 60-90cm, and execute stalk and farmyard manure in field planting ditch, then reclaimed soil, and the distance after backfill between face, railway carriage or compartment and earth's surface is at least 30cm;
Plant: be placed in railway carriage or compartment by pears seedling, add more than soil to collar, then add soil having peace of mind, expose grafting mouth, water normal root water, with the face, railway carriage or compartment after covered rearing with plastic film field planting, plastic film surrounding earth compresses;
Fertilising: in the ranks ditch along tree crown drip in pear tree after fruit harvesting, the degree of depth of ditch and width are 40-60cm, and every 500m2 basal dressing 1000-1300kg; Rudiment is fertile: 10-15 days before pear tree rudiment in spring, ditches between pear tree strain, the degree of depth 15-25cm of ditch, every 500m2 basal dressing 1000-1300kg; Stop tip fertilizer: before treating the formation of Pears amount, young sprout growth, Fruit, with tree crown drip for boundary's multiple spot digs the ditch cave that the degree of depth is 20-30cm, every 500m2 executes Chicken dung and the oil cake 100-150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Foliage fertilizer: vegetative period three foliage-spray microorganism fertilizers, three times are respectively, after rudiment to before blooming, young sprout grow to flower bud differentiation before, first 30 days of fruit harvesting;
Fruit thinning: first time fruit thinning thank spend after one week, confirmation setting after, be thinning out the fruit that all inflorescences are unnecessary, stay single fruit, completed in 2-3 days; Second time fruit thinning thank spend after 3 weeks, dredge unnecessary fruit by fruit spacing 25-35cm; Fruit bag cover: thank and spend rear 10-15 days to start bagging, completes for 10-13 days; Protect leaf anti-" autumn flower ": after Fruit, 10-13 days first times sprayed fertilizer, within 20 days, sprayed fertilizer for the second time afterwards;
Prune: major branch stretch to respectively the southeast and northwest to, with row to being 45 ° of angles, herringbone is fallen in inclined, each major branch configures medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster 10-15, branch group length 30-50cm, stretches to surrounding, plug hole arranges, crotch angle 70-80 ° is done at little major branch and center, and little major branch does not stay side shoot, direct raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: use mineral sources agricultural chemicals (as lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture etc.), botanical pesticide (matrine, chinaberry system
Agent etc.), microbial pesticide (as bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, white muscardine fungi etc.);
Fruit harvesting, packaging.
The assembly percentage by weight of described base manure is: dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds 30-40%, farmers''s pig manure and chicken manure 30-40%, peanut press pulp 5-8%, native 20-25%, above each component by weight ratio sum is 100%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention will solve that existing its land utilization rate of pear tree implantation methods is low and persticide residue is large, the low-quality defect of fruit, the step that the present invention adopts is: vegetative cultivation, soil treatment, plant, apply fertilizer, fruit thinning, pruning, the extermination of disease and insect pest, fruit harvesting, packaging, adopt fertilizer as main fertilizer, utilize the mode desinsection of physics, trapping, thus plant out the ecological pears of non agricultural chemical residuum; The present invention effectively can utilize soil, and non agricultural chemical residuum, and fruit quality is high, the flat circular of fruit or subcircular, pericarp are green, yellow-white or yellowish-brown, fruit dot rare little, core is little, lithocyte is few, delicate crisp, thick-flavor, the comparatively storage tolerance of pulp; There is non agricultural chemical residuum amount, and head is large, peel smooth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
Vegetative cultivation: the planting forage grass in the ranks outside the tree dish of theatre, cradles 6-10 time every year, is covered between strain by the herbage cradled; Select seedling: the height of pears nursery stock is 80-100cm, and the diameter of the above limb of grafting mouth is at least 0.7cm; The density of field planting: seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, 60-80 strain/500m; Row is to being north-south; The time of field planting: pears seedling fallen leaves are to February next year;
Soil treatment: individual month of 1-2 before field planting, according to row to opening railway carriage or compartment, first opening the field planting ditch that the degree of depth is 60-90cm, and execute stalk and farmyard manure in field planting ditch, then reclaimed soil, and the distance after backfill between face, railway carriage or compartment and earth's surface is at least 30cm;
Plant: be placed in railway carriage or compartment by pears seedling, add more than soil to collar, then add soil having peace of mind, expose grafting mouth, water normal root water, with the face, railway carriage or compartment after covered rearing with plastic film field planting, plastic film surrounding earth compresses;
Fertilising: in the ranks ditch along tree crown drip in pear tree after fruit harvesting, the degree of depth of ditch and width are 40-60cm, and every 500m2 basal dressing 1000-1300kg; Rudiment is fertile: 10-15 days before pear tree rudiment in spring, ditches between pear tree strain, the degree of depth 15-25cm of ditch, every 500m2 basal dressing 1000-1300kg; Stop tip fertilizer: before treating the formation of Pears amount, young sprout growth, Fruit, with tree crown drip for boundary's multiple spot digs the ditch cave that the degree of depth is 20-30cm, every 500m2 executes Chicken dung and the oil cake 100-150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Foliage fertilizer: vegetative period three foliage-spray microorganism fertilizers, three times are respectively, after rudiment to before blooming, young sprout grow to flower bud differentiation before, first 30 days of fruit harvesting;
Fruit thinning: first time fruit thinning thank spend after one week, confirmation setting after, be thinning out the fruit that all inflorescences are unnecessary, stay single fruit, completed in 2-3 days; Second time fruit thinning thank spend after 3 weeks, dredge unnecessary fruit by fruit spacing 25-35cm; Fruit bag cover: thank and spend rear 10-15 days to start bagging, completes for 10-13 days; Protect leaf anti-" autumn flower ": after Fruit, 10-13 days first times sprayed fertilizer, within 20 days, sprayed fertilizer for the second time afterwards;
Prune: major branch stretch to respectively the southeast and northwest to, with row to being 45 ° of angles, herringbone is fallen in inclined, each major branch configures medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster 10-15, branch group length 30-50cm, stretches to surrounding, plug hole arranges, crotch angle 70-80 ° is done at little major branch and center, and little major branch does not stay side shoot, direct raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: use mineral sources agricultural chemicals (as lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture etc.), botanical pesticide (matrine, chinaberry system
Agent etc.), microbial pesticide (as bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, white muscardine fungi etc.);
Fruit harvesting, packaging.
Embodiment 2
The assembly percentage by weight of described base manure is: dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds 30-40%, farmers''s pig manure and chicken manure 30-40%, peanut press pulp 5-8%, native 20-25%, above each component by weight ratio sum is 100%.
Claims (2)
1. a pears organic grow technique, is characterized in that:
Vegetative cultivation: the planting forage grass in the ranks outside the tree dish of theatre, cradles 6-10 time every year, is covered between strain by the herbage cradled; Select seedling: the height of pears nursery stock is 80-100cm, and the diameter of the above limb of grafting mouth is at least 0.7cm; The density of field planting: seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, 60-80 strain/500m; Row is to being north-south; The time of field planting: pears seedling fallen leaves are to February next year;
Soil treatment: individual month of 1-2 before field planting, according to row to opening railway carriage or compartment, first opening the field planting ditch that the degree of depth is 60-90cm, and execute stalk and farmyard manure in field planting ditch, then reclaimed soil, and the distance after backfill between face, railway carriage or compartment and earth's surface is at least 30cm;
Plant: be placed in railway carriage or compartment by pears seedling, add more than soil to collar, then add soil having peace of mind, expose grafting mouth, water normal root water, with the face, railway carriage or compartment after covered rearing with plastic film field planting, plastic film surrounding earth compresses;
Fertilising: in the ranks ditch along tree crown drip in pear tree after fruit harvesting, the degree of depth of ditch and width are 40-60cm, and every 500m2 basal dressing 1000-1300kg; Rudiment is fertile: 10-15 days before pear tree rudiment in spring, ditches between pear tree strain, the degree of depth 15-25cm of ditch, every 500m2 basal dressing 1000-1300kg; Stop tip fertilizer: before treating the formation of Pears amount, young sprout growth, Fruit, with tree crown drip for boundary's multiple spot digs the ditch cave that the degree of depth is 20-30cm, every 500m2 executes Chicken dung and the oil cake 100-150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Foliage fertilizer: vegetative period three foliage-spray microorganism fertilizers, three times are respectively, after rudiment to before blooming, young sprout grow to flower bud differentiation before, first 30 days of fruit harvesting;
Fruit thinning: first time fruit thinning thank spend after one week, confirmation setting after, be thinning out the fruit that all inflorescences are unnecessary, stay single fruit, completed in 2-3 days; Second time fruit thinning thank spend after 3 weeks, dredge unnecessary fruit by fruit spacing 25-35cm; Fruit bag cover: thank and spend rear 10-15 days to start bagging, completes for 10-13 days; Protect leaf anti-" autumn flower ": after Fruit, 10-13 days first times sprayed fertilizer, within 20 days, sprayed fertilizer for the second time afterwards;
Prune: major branch stretch to respectively the southeast and northwest to, with row to being 45 ° of angles, herringbone is fallen in inclined, each major branch configures medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster 10-15, branch group length 30-50cm, stretches to surrounding, plug hole arranges, crotch angle 70-80 ° is done at little major branch and center, and little major branch does not stay side shoot, direct raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: use mineral sources agricultural chemicals (as lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture etc.), botanical pesticide (matrine, chinaberry system
Agent etc.), microbial pesticide (as bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, white muscardine fungi etc.);
Fruit harvesting, packaging.
2. a kind of pears organic grow technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the assembly percentage by weight of described base manure is: dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds 30-40%, farmers''s pig manure and chicken manure 30-40%, peanut press pulp 5-8%, soil 20-25%, above each component by weight ratio sum is 100%.
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| CN201510193100.5A CN104770265A (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-04-22 | Organic pear tree planting process |
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Cited By (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106665251A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 六盘水钟海农业发展有限公司 | Pear tree planting method |
| CN107211678A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 广西力拓农业开发有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit plantation and field management method |
| CN107278606A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-10-24 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve the method that pears plant disease and insect resistance |
| CN109168888A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 木崇凤 | A kind of oblonga of bilayer pericarp |
| CN109168699A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 木崇凤 | A kind of implantation methods of oblonga |
| CN112136589A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-29 | 阜南县美好生活生态农业科技有限公司 | Planting method of pure ecological naturally fermented pears |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106665251A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 六盘水钟海农业发展有限公司 | Pear tree planting method |
| CN107211678A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 广西力拓农业开发有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit plantation and field management method |
| CN107278606A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-10-24 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve the method that pears plant disease and insect resistance |
| CN109168888A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 木崇凤 | A kind of oblonga of bilayer pericarp |
| CN109168699A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 木崇凤 | A kind of implantation methods of oblonga |
| CN112136589A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-29 | 阜南县美好生活生态农业科技有限公司 | Planting method of pure ecological naturally fermented pears |
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