JP4418863B2 - 葡萄 Growing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a straw cultivation method that enables harvesting many straws in a short period of time.

  It was common to cultivate persimmons by local planting cultivation, where the planted persimmon trees are grown over the years. In local planting cultivation, the yield per tree can be increased in order to freely extend the roots of the oak tree and greatly expand the crown. However, when a coconut tree grows and becomes a large tree, a lot of nutrients are consumed for the growth of leaves and new shoots, and it becomes difficult to turn the nutrients to fruit production. It was difficult to increase the yield per unit area.

  Moreover, in local planting cultivation, it usually took 5 to 6 years from the permanent planting of the oak tree to the harvest. For this reason, it has been very difficult for those who have newly entered cocoon cultivation to make profits at an early stage. In addition, it is difficult to manage the amount of water and nitrogen given to the coconut tree, because the roots of the cocoon tree have a large spread of nitrogen mineralized in the soil due to rainfall. Producing high quality cocoons has not always been easy. For this reason, skilled techniques in irrigation, fertilization, etc. were required to produce high-quality cocoons by local planting cultivation.

  In view of such a situation, in recent years, techniques for cultivating persimmons by restricting the root area of persimmon trees (root area limited cultivation) have been studied, and related techniques have been proposed. (For example, Patent Document 1). Root-restricted cultivation of persimmons can restrain the root spread of persimmon trees, making it possible to turn persimmon trees into nutrients for fruit production and harvest persimmons in a short period of time Will be able to. In addition, irrigation and fertilization can be easily managed, and the quality of the cocoon can be improved. In addition, the amount of harvest per unit area of the field can be increased because densely planted trees can be planted as much as the oak tree becomes smaller.

  However, the conventional root-restricted cultivation of persimmons, even though densely planting persimmon trees, is no more than about 500 per 10a of field, so the yield of persimmon is 2t per 10a of field in the second year of planting. The degree was the limit. In addition, it has not always been easy to harvest high-quality grapes even in root-limited cultivation.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-204662 (Claims, Effects of Invention, [0021], [0036], FIG. 1)

  This invention is made | formed in order to solve the said subject, and provides the straw cultivation method which can harvest many straws excellent in quality in a short period of time.

  The above problem is that a plurality of oak trees are planted at intervals of 10 to 90 cm to form an array, and a tube for supplying water containing fertilizer components to the roots of the oak tree is laid along the array In addition, after providing rain protection to prevent rain from hitting the ground around the edge of the oak tree, water is supplied from the tube according to the growing season, and the oak tree is grown. It is solved by providing a method for growing straw.

  In this way, by densely planting oak trees and making them into small trees, the traditional cultivation method required 5-6 years from planting to harvesting for the second year of planting (the year of planting oak) It is possible to harvest in the first year). It is also possible to increase the yield per unit area of the field. In addition, the amount of moisture and nutrients given to the oak can be easily managed.

  Here, “It is possible to harvest persimmons in the second year of planting” means quality persimmons that can withstand shipment (shipping prices that are not significantly lower than the general shipping price of the year for the corresponding variety) Can be shipped in the harvest season of the second year of planting, if it is as early as possible (if there is no disease, abnormal weather, etc.) means.

  In addition, an operation for forming a row by planting a plurality of birch trees at intervals of 10 to 90 cm and a tube for supplying water containing fertilizer components to the roots of the birch are laid along the row. The order of performing the work to perform and the work of providing rain protection to prevent rain from hitting the ground around the edge of the oak can be changed as appropriate regardless of the order of description.

In the cocoon cultivation method of the present invention, the amount of water supplied from the tube is not particularly limited. However, if too much water is supplied to the coconut tree, illness is likely to occur or sugar content and fruit color are insufficient. The quality of the product may be reduced. Therefore, the total amount of water supplied from the tube until defoliation onset of year from溢泌life of 2 years after planting (hereinafter, to total Q ₁₎ is preferably kept below 500L per tree . The total amount of water Q ₁ is preferably 400 L or less per tree, and more preferably 300 L or less per tree. On the other hand, when insufficient amount of water to be supplied to the vines, there is a risk of vines withering, the total amount to Q ₁ water is usually per tree 15L more.

The concentration of nitrogen contained in the water supplied from the tube is not particularly limited, but if too much nitrogen is given to the oak tree, it may be difficult to make the oak tree smaller. Therefore, the total amount of nitrogen contained in the water supplied from the tube until defoliation onset of year from溢泌life of 2 years after planting (hereinafter referred to as the total amount Q ₂₎ is 15 per tree It is preferable to keep it below gram. The total amount Q ₂ of nitrogen, preferably when suppressed to below 10 grams per tree, and more preferably kept below 8 grams per tree. On the other hand, if the nitrogen is insufficient to provide the vines, there is a risk that vines are debilitating, total to Q ₁ nitrogen is usually 0.2 or more grams per tree.

  It is also preferable to plant a plurality of oak trees along the ridgeline of the oak provided in the field. Thereby, it becomes possible not only to limit the root area of the oak tree in the horizontal direction but also to easily carry out oak cultivation management.

  It is also preferable not to provide root shielding means below the root of the oak tree so that the root of the oak tree can extend to the soil below. Here, the root shielding means refers to what is provided to limit the growth of roots, such as a so-called root shielding sheet. Thus, by not limiting the root area in the vertical direction of the oak tree, even if water containing the fertilizer component is temporarily not supplied to the root of the oak tree due to trouble such as a power failure, the oak tree Can absorb water and nutrients in the soil by itself and prevent the oak tree from withering. In addition, it is possible to make it difficult for the tree to fall.

  The main branch of the oak tree is attracted in a non-vertical direction at a predetermined height, and is pruned so that the length of the main branch attracted in the non-vertical direction is 10 to 90 cm. It is also preferable to bring out the result branch every year. As a result, the field can be used effectively, and the yield per unit area of the field can be further increased.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cocoon cultivation method capable of harvesting many cocoons having excellent quality in a short period of time.

  A preferred embodiment of the straw cultivation method of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a preferred embodiment of the straw cultivation method of the present invention. The detailed part in the straw cultivation method of this invention is demonstrated in a specific Example for convenience of explanation.

  In order to demonstrate the effect of the method for cultivating cocoons of the present invention, coconut trees were actually planted in a field, and simple covering cultivation of cocoons was performed. Although the grape cultivation method of the present invention is not limited to the variety of grapes to be cultivated, in the grape cultivation method of this example, two types of pione and aurora black were planted. In the harvest period of 2 to 4 years after planting, the number of shoots, the number of fruit bunches and the yield per field 10a, and the fruit weight, fruit weight, fruit color and sugar content of mature fruits were investigated. The specific procedure of the straw cultivation method of this example is as follows.

1. First, a plurality of trees 10 are planted at intervals of 10 to 90 cm to form a row, and the tubes 20 are laid along the row. The tube 20 is for supplying water (nutrient solution) containing a fertilizer component such as nitrogen to the root of the tree 10. In the cocoon cultivation method of this example, the upstream end of the tube 20 is an electromagnetic valve 30 for switching the flow of raw water, valve control means 40 for controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 30, and liquid fertilizer containing nitrogen as raw water. The liquid fertilizer mixing means 50 for mixing in is provided. The amount of water and nitrogen supplied to the coconut tree 10 can be automatically controlled by the valve control means 40 and the liquid fertilizer mixing means 50. The coconut tree 10 is covered with a rain shield 60 together with the tube 20 so that rain does not hit the ground around the shore of the coconut tree 10.

  The planting of the coconut tree 10 may be performed on a flat ground, but is preferably performed by forming the cocoon 70. In this way, by restricting the root area of the coconut tree 10, irrigation and application management can be easily performed, not only making the coconut tree 10 easy to make small trees, but also improving the quality of the fruit. It becomes possible. In the cocoon cultivation method of this example, in late April, a plurality of rows of cocoons 70 are made with the soil improved by applying peat moss and the like, and coconut trees 10 (seedling seedlings) are formed along the ridge lines of each cocoon 70. The plants were planted at predetermined intervals to form an array of coconut trees 10.

  In the cocoon cultivation method of this example, when forming the cocoon 70 in the field, the cocoon 70 is directly formed on the soil without providing a root shielding means such as a root shielding sheet under the cocoon 70. Yes. For this reason, even when water is temporarily not supplied from the tube 20 due to a trouble such as a power failure, the roots of the tree 10 can absorb moisture and nutrients in the soil. 10 can be prevented from withering. It is also possible to make the coconut tree 10 difficult to fall.

The amount of the soil that forms the cocoons 70 is not particularly limited. However, if the amount is too small, the quality of the cocoon tree 10 is deteriorated, such as the fruit tree 10 becomes too weak and the fruit burden becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the vigor of the persimmon tree 10 becomes too strong, and the number of flower spikes is reduced, and there is a risk that flower shake or the like is likely to occur. For this reason, it is preferable that the amount of the soil for forming the straw 70 is 20 to 100 L per tree. In viticulture method of this embodiment, the planting interval I ₁ and 75L per tree the amount of soil to form a ridge 70 in the case of planting as 40 cm, was 15cm height ridge 70.

Planting intervals _{I 1} of vines 10 is not limited particularly as long as 10～90Cm. However, if the planting interval I ₁ is too narrow, the growth of the tree 10 may be adversely affected. Thus, planting interval _{I 1} is preferably by setting more than 15cm, more preferable to set more than 20 cm. On the other hand, too wide a planting interval I _1, it may become difficult to secure a number of yield per unit area of the field in the planting second year. Thus, planting interval _{I 1} is preferably set to 70cm or less, and more preferably set to 60cm or less, further preferably set to 50cm or less.

In viticulture method of this example, planting interval _{I 1} initially, 20 cm, 30 cm, were tried in three 40 cm, in order to perform an investigation also cases when the 80cm planting interval _{I 1} is 60cm, planting In May of the third year, the planted tree 10 with a planting interval I ₁ of 20 cm was thinned out three by three to change the planting interval I ₁ to 80 cm, and the planted tree 10 with a planting interval I ₁ of 30 cm was changed planting interval _{I 1} to 60cm by thinning one by one. Ueretsu of planting interval _{I 1} is 40cm is left as it is, the planting interval _{I 1} was left of 40cm.

  It is preferable to provide a plurality of rows of coconut trees 10 according to the shape of the field and the like as well as one row. This makes it possible to further increase the yield per unit area of the field. For example, if five rows of 250 trees 10 planted at 40 cm intervals are arranged in parallel at intervals of 2 m, 1250 trees 10 are grown in 10a (rectangular field of 100 m length and 10 m width). can do.

In the case where a plurality of rows are provided, the interval I ₂ between adjacent rows (corresponding to the interval between adjacent rows) is not particularly limited, but if it is too narrow, the growth of the tree 10 may be adversely affected. However, pruning work and harvesting work may be difficult. Therefore, the interval _{I 2} adjacent planting rows is usually set to at least 150 cm. An interval I ₂ between adjacent rows is preferably 180 cm or more, and more preferably 200 cm or more.

On the other hand, too wide a gap I ₂ adjacent planting rows, it may become difficult to increase the yield per unit area of the field. Thus, planting row spacing _{I 2} of the adjacent, usually set below 400 cm. An interval I ₂ between adjacent rows is preferably 350 cm or less, and more preferably 300 cm or less.

  The rain cover 60 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent at least rain from hitting the ground around the ground of the tree 10. Examples of the rain guard 60 include a water-impermeable sheet that covers the ground around the ground of the tree 10 and a house that includes a roof that covers the top of the tree 10. In the cocoon cultivation method of this example, in consideration of cost, an impervious sheet covering the ground around the base of the coconut tree 10 is used as the rain guard 60.

  By the way, in the cocoon cultivation method of this example, since the number of the coconut trees 10 per field 10a becomes very large with 625-2500, it will cost when purchasing the coconut trees 10 (rice seedlings). Therefore, in the cocoon cultivation method of this example, after adjusting the pruning tree from the mature tree of coconut tree 10 in the beginning of February, it is cut into a resin pot filled with commercially available soil, and the height is about 10 cm. We planted what we cultivated until it became. Since the disease-causing virus is transmitted at the stage of the hogi, we collected hogi from the coconut trees that have been confirmed not to be infected with the virus.

2. Irrigation and fertilization (1st year planting)
The water containing the fertilizer component may be given every day or distributed every few days. In the straw cultivation method of this example, as shown in Table 1 below, the amount of applied water and the amount of applied nitrogen are appropriately changed according to the growing season of the oak tree. However, Table 1, the 1250 pieces of vines in the field 10a, is of the case where the planting interval _{I 1} was planted as 40 cm. If the number of oak trees per field 10a changes, the amount per tree is adjusted as appropriate. In the straw cultivation method of this example, the total applied water amount in the first year of planting is 165.5 [t / 10a], and the total applied nitrogen amount in the first year of planting is 7.0 [kg / 10a]. On rainy days, the supply of water containing fertilizer components was stopped because it was difficult for coconut trees to evaporate water.

3. Attracting and pruning oak trees (first year planting)
In the first year of planting, we focus on completing the shape of the oak tree and do not produce fruit. The method for tailoring the coconut tree is not particularly limited, but in the cocoon cultivation method of this example, one character is arranged on one side. The main branch was attracted in a non-vertical direction at a predetermined height from the ground, and in the straw cultivation method of this example, the main branch was attracted in a direction parallel to the arrangement of the oak trees. The main branches were attracted by means of attraction such as a shelf or fence.

  At this time, if the main branches are pruned too short, the number of branches resulting from the main branches will decrease and the yield per tree will decrease, making it difficult to secure a large yield per unit area of the field. There is a risk of becoming. For this reason, the length of the main branch is more preferably 15 cm or more, and further preferably 20 cm or more.

On the other hand, if the main branch is too long, it will be difficult to reduce the size of the oak tree, which may make it difficult to harvest in the second year of planting. In addition, the number of branches as a result of growing near the root of the attracted main branch may be reduced, and the yield may be reduced. For this reason, the length of the main branch attracted in the non-vertical direction is more preferably 70 cm or less, and further preferably 60 cm or less. In the cocoon cultivation method of this example, the cocoon tree is grown until the length along the cocoon tree from the ground to the tip is about 3 m, and the length of the main branch attracted in the horizontal direction is the planting interval I _1. Pruning is performed so that it is approximately equal to.

  By the way, the height at which the main branch of the oak tree is attracted in the non-vertical direction is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, the fruit bunches will form at the lower position of the oak tree, and if it does not crouch or bend, There is a risk that the physical burden during harvesting may increase, such as the inability to harvest bunches. For this reason, the height at which the main branch of the birch tree is attracted in the non-vertical direction is usually 0.8 m or more from the base of the birch tree. The height at which the main branch of the oak tree is attracted in the non-vertical direction is preferably 1 m or more from the base of the oak, and more preferably 1.5 m or more from the base of the oak.

  On the other hand, if the height at which the main branches of the oak tree are attracted in the non-vertical direction is too high, it will be difficult to make the oak tree smaller, and it will be difficult to harvest the second year of planting, and the bunch will be located at a higher position of the oak tree. It may be difficult to reach during harvesting. For this reason, the height at which the main branch of the birch tree is attracted in the non-vertical direction is usually 2.5 m or less from the base of the birch tree. The height at which the main branch of the birch tree is attracted in the non-vertical direction is preferably 2.2 m or less from the base of the birch, and more preferably 2 m or less from the base of the birch. In the cocoon cultivation method of this example, it is attracted at a height of about 1.5 m from the base of the oak tree.

4). Irrigation and fertilization (2nd year after planting)
In the anther cultivation method of this example, as shown in Table 2 below, the number of application days and the number of applications were appropriately changed according to the growing season of the oak tree. The amount of water per application is 400 cc per tree. On rainy days, the supply of water containing fertilizer components was stopped because it was difficult for coconut trees to evaporate water.

  However, in the straw cultivation method of this example, in the second year of planting, much more water was applied than the watering simultaneous fertilization management method shown in Table 2 below. Therefore, as will be described later, since the fruit color of the grapes harvested in the second year of planting became insufficient, after the third year of planting, the irrigation and fertilization were reviewed and the simultaneous irrigation management shown in Table 2 below Irrigation and fertilization were performed according to the method. As a result, the fruit color was improved, and it was possible to harvest grapes of a quality that could withstand shipping.

  The specific period of the extravasation period varies depending on the climate, grape varieties and cropping patterns, etc., but it is usually around mid-March when pione is cultivated in the southern part of Okayama Prefecture. In addition, the specific time of the “deciduous season” also varies depending on the climate, grape varieties and cropping types, etc., but when pione is simply covered and grown in the southern part of Okayama Prefecture, it is usually around mid-October. In addition, the germination period is around late April, the full bloom period is around early June, the fruit softening period is around mid-July, the beginning of harvest is around late August, and the end of harvest is around mid-September.

However, Table 2, the 1250 pieces of vines in the field 10a, is of the case where the planting interval _{I 1} was planted as 40 cm. If the number of oak trees per field 10a changes, the amount per tree is adjusted as appropriate.

  After the second year of planting, as shown in Table 2 above, the amount of water supplied from the tube is limited to 100 cc / day or less per tree during the overflow period, and the softening of the grain from the overflow period to the same year It is preferable to increase to 1000 cc / day or more per tree (amount of fruit softening start period) over the period, and then decrease to 500 cc / day or less per tree over the defoliation period of the same year. As a result, it is possible to harvest strawberries having a high sugar content and coloration and superior quality.

  In the second year after planting, as shown in Table 2, the amount of nitrogen contained in the water supplied from the tube is suppressed to 5 mg / day or less per tree in the overflow period, It is preferable to increase it to 20 mg / day or more per tree from the full season to the full bloom period, and then decrease it to 20 mg / day or less per tree during the defoliation period of the same year. In this way, by optimizing the amount of nitrogen applied to the oak tree, it is possible to harvest the koji with higher sugar content and higher coloring and better quality while reducing the amount of fertilizer.

  In the anther cultivation method of this example, the total amount of water supplied from the tube between the overflowing period after the third year of planting and the start of defoliation in the same year is about 122 L per tree (because the scheduled application date was rainy) The total number of days when water was not applied was 22 days). This is a very small amount compared to the conventional straw cultivation method (the total amount of water in the relevant period is a few hundreds of L per tree).

  Moreover, in the straw cultivation method of this example, the total amount of nitrogen contained in the water supplied from the tube from the overflowing period after the third year of planting to the start of defoliation in the same year is about 3. 5 grams (the total number of days when nitrogen was not applied because the scheduled application day was rainy was 22 days). This is a very small amount as compared with the conventional method for cultivating straw, and the fertilizer cost given to the coconut tree can be greatly reduced.

5). Attracting and pruning coconut trees (after the second year of planting)
After the second year of planting, select a substantial branch from the main branches and leave it at 10-20 cm intervals on both sides of the main branch to produce fruits. The length of the resulting branch is about half the interval I ₂ between the arrangements of the oak trees. The resulting branch was attracted in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the main branch, and arranged so that the resulting branch was substantially T-shaped when viewed from the tip side of the main branch. As a result, pruning of the branches was made to be the same length except for 1 to 2 buds on the base.

6). Harvest (2nd year after planting)
In the vine cultivation method of this example, the number of new shoots, the number of fruit bunches and the yield per field 10a in the second to fourth year of planting are shown in Tables 3 to 5 below for Pione and in Tables 6 to 6 below for Aurora Black. It is shown in FIG. In addition, the fruit weight, fruit weight, fruit color and sugar content of mature fruits in the second to fourth year of planting in the koji cultivation method of this example are shown in Tables 9 to 11 below for Pione, and the following for Aurora Black. Shown in Tables 12-14.

In Table 3-14, when planting interval _{I 1} in planting second year when the 80cm of 60cm, and planting planting interval _{I 1} in the third year that no data when the time and 30cm of 20cm is At the beginning (first year of planting), the planting interval I ₁ was 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm, but it was tried in three types, but the case where the planting interval I ₁ was 60 cm and 80 cm was also investigated. in order to perform, in May of the third year of planting, planting interval _{I 1} is thinned out by three the grape trees planted rows of 20cm to change the planting interval _{I 1} to 80cm, planting planting interval _{I 1} is 30cm the planting interval I ₁ by thinning row of vines one by one because changing the 60cm. At this time, the planting spacing I ₁ of 40 cm was left as it was, and the planting spacing I ₁ was kept at 40 cm.

Looking at Tables 3-8 above, in both Pione and Aurora Black, over 2000 kg of grapes can be harvested in the field 10a from the second year of planting, and the straw cultivation method of the present invention allows the straw to be harvested in a short period of time. It can be seen that many can be harvested. Further, in the range planting interval I ₁ is 20～80Cm, generally, the more you narrow the planting interval I _1, can also be seen that the easily obtaining many yields of grapes.

  On the other hand, from Tables 9 to 14, it can be seen that, except for the fruit color of the second year of planting, both Pione and Aurora Black have a quality that can withstand shipment. In addition, the fruit color that was insufficient in the second year of planting was improved after irrigation and fertilization according to the simultaneous watering and fertilization management method described in Table 2 after the third year of planting. Also in eyes, if irrigation and fertilization are performed according to the simultaneous irrigation fertilization management method described in Table 2 above, it can be expected that sufficient fruit colors will be obtained from the second year of planting.

It is explanatory drawing which showed the suitable embodiment of the straw cultivation method of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 Kashiwagi 20 Tube 30 Solenoid valve 40 Valve control means 50 Liquid fertilizer mixing means 60 Rain protection 70 よ

Claims (1)

A tube for supplying water containing fertilizer components to the roots of the oak tree by planting a plurality of oak trees along the ridge line of the oak provided in the field at intervals of 10 to 90 cm to form a line Lay along the planting, and make it possible for the root of the oak tree to extend to the lower soil without providing a shielding means under the root of the oak tree, and cover the said oak with an impervious sheet after preventing the rain that hits the ground near Chisai of vines, the amount of water in accordance with the growth phase is supplied from the tube grown to vines,
In the first year of planting, the main branch of the oak tree is attracted in a non-vertical direction at a predetermined height, and pruning is performed so that the length of the part attracted in the non-vertical direction in the main branch is 10 to 90 cm. Done
After the second year of planting, the total amount of water supplied from the tube between the overflowing period and the start of defoliation is kept below 500L per tree, and the tube from the overflowing period to the start of defoliation A method for cultivating strawberries, wherein the total amount of nitrogen contained in the water supplied from the plant is suppressed to 10 grams or less per tree, and the resulting branches are taken out laterally from the main branches to produce fruits .

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