CN113207667B - Method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons - Google Patents
Method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207667B CN113207667B CN202110704151.5A CN202110704151A CN113207667B CN 113207667 B CN113207667 B CN 113207667B CN 202110704151 A CN202110704151 A CN 202110704151A CN 113207667 B CN113207667 B CN 113207667B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for annually producing fruit type pachyrhizus angulatus, which comprises the following steps: a. applying base fertilizer in a sunlight greenhouse, ridging, paving drip irrigation belts in the ridges and then covering with films; b. planting the seedlings of the blister melons, and carrying out drip irrigation and watering by using a drip irrigation tape; c. reserving 1-2 main vines when the vines start to be harrowed, stopping harrowing when 8-10 leaves grow, guiding the vines to grow towards the middle of the ridge, and pollinating after blooming; d. when the fruit setting number reaches 8-15, laying a layer of support frame above each ridge, laying a support net on the support frame, erecting planting grooves provided with culture mediums on two sides of the support net, laying drip irrigation belts on the planting grooves, planting the soaked melon seedlings, and performing drip irrigation watering; e. repeating the steps c to d, and planting 4-5 batches of the Mare pickled melons annually; f. and when the surface of the Marsdenia tenacissima begins to turn yellow, the Marsdenia tenacissima is harvested from two sides. The invention utilizes the three-dimensional soilless culture of the layer frame of the sunlight greenhouse, centralized harvesting and repeated layer frame planting, effectively improves the crop rotation number and has good operability and repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit type Mare melon cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for annually producing fruit type Mare melons.
Background
The cuckoo (Cucun mis melo L.var. agrestis Naud.) belongs to the genus Cucumis, is a wild resource, is small, fragrant and strong in resistance. Because of the influence on the growth of crops such as corn, peanut, soybean, etc. in the field, the weeds are often treated. The wild Pachyrhizus erosus has various health care effects, particularly has the effect of dispelling the effects of alcohol due to glutamic acid rich in fruits, and can extract oil from seeds of the wild Pachyrhizus erosus, but the wild Pachyrhizus erosus is small, bitter in taste and poor in taste and is not suitable for eating. The artificially bred natural mutant of the pachyrhizus marqueensis has large fruit type and thick pulp, is suitable for fresh-eating pachyrhizus marqueensis, has golden pericarp, retains the special fragrance and sweet and sour taste of wild pachyrhizus marqueensis, can be used as fruit for dispelling effects of alcohol after meals, and has high commercial value. However, the problem of how to improve the fruit quality and year-round cultivation of the fruit type pachyrhizus is the problem of large-scale popularization of the pachyrhizus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons aiming at the problems in the prior art; the method solves the problems of fruit quality and annual cultivation of fruit type Marsdenia tenacissima by utilizing cultivation technologies such as sunlight greenhouse heat preservation planting, layer-frame three-dimensional cultivation, soilless cultivation, bee pollination assistance, annual Marsdenia tenacissima natural maturity and the like.
The invention aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
a method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. before field planting, plug seedling is carried out, base fertilizer is applied in a sunlight greenhouse, then ridging is carried out, drip irrigation belts are laid in the ridges, and then mulching is carried out;
b. planting the seedlings of the blister melons, and carrying out drip irrigation and watering by using a drip irrigation tape;
c. reserving 1-2 main vines when the vines start to be harrowed, stopping harrowing when 8-10 leaves grow, guiding the vines to grow from two sides to the middle of a ridge, and pollinating by adopting bees after blooming;
d. when the fruit setting number reaches 8-15, laying a layer of support frame above each ridge, laying a support net on the support frame, erecting planting grooves with culture mediums on two sides of the support net, laying drip irrigation belts on the planting grooves, planting buzuki seedlings in the planting grooves, and carrying out drip irrigation watering by the drip irrigation belts;
e. repeating the steps c to d, and planting 4-5 batches of the Mare pickled melons annually;
f. and when the surface of each layer of the pachyrhizus begins to turn yellow, harvesting the pachyrhizus from two sides.
The base fertilizer in the step a is agaricus bisporus fermentation waste, the agaricus bisporus fermentation waste is stacked for 60-75 d and turned and stacked for 4-6 times to prepare the base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is 8-10 t/mu.
The width of the ridges in the step a is 2.3-2.5 m, and the width of the grooves among the ridges is 40-50 cm.
The film covering in the step a is to cover the ridges with a silver black film, wherein the black color of the silver black film faces downwards, and the silver color of the silver black film faces upwards.
And d, carrying out plug seedling culture 25-40 d before planting on the Macaca mulatta seedlings in the step b and the step d, and controlling the seedling age to be two leaves and one core during planting.
The specification of the fixedly planted Pachyrhizus erosus seedling in the step b is as follows: planting the pachyrhizus erosus seedlings on the ridges 10-15 cm away from the edges of the ridges and 80-100 cm in plant spacing; the specification of the fixedly planted Pachyrhizus erosus seedlings in the step d is as follows: planting the pachyrhizus seedlings in the planting grooves according to the planting distance of 80-100 cm.
And d, the distance between the upper edge of the support frame in the step d and the roots of the vine of the pickled melon vine is 40-50 cm, and the distance between the erected planting grooves is 2.3-2.5 m.
The width of the inner cavity of the planting groove is 20-25 cm.
And d, the aperture of the supporting net in the step d is 8-15 cm.
And f, storing the pickled muskmelon in the step f at the temperature below 4 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method, a sunlight greenhouse is utilized to sow and grow seedlings in advance, after first-stubble field ridging planting is carried out and the pachyrhizus are planted, a layer frame is built above ridges, soilless culture is carried out continuously, when the pachyrhizus climbs full of nets, the lower pachyrhizus are basically mature, the growth of the lower side is not influenced by the upper pachyrhizus, meanwhile, each stubble is collected in a concentrated mode, melon seedlings are cleaned, and the layer frame planting is continuously repeated; the method can improve the planting benefit of the pachyrhizus and reduce the time that the melon seedlings are not covered before planting, so that the annual shelf cultivation crops are improved, the method has good operability and repeatability, and a new thought and method are provided for the annual three-dimensional cultivation of the pachyrhizus shelf.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-layer shelf structure adopted by the annual production method of fruit type pachyrhizus.
Wherein: 1-a support frame; 2-supporting the net; 3, planting a groove; 4-drip irrigation zone.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1: a method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons comprises the following steps:
a. the method comprises the following steps that (1) plug seedling of Pachyrhizus equi needs to be carried out 25-40 d before field planting, a fruit type Pachyrhizus equi variety with concentrated melon and large melon is selected, base fertilizer is applied in a sunlight greenhouse and then ridged, the base fertilizer is agaricus bisporus fermentation waste, the agaricus bisporus fermentation waste is stacked for 60-75 d and turned over for 4-6 times to be prepared into the base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is 8-10 t/mu; the ridge width is 2.3-2.5 m, the furrow width between ridges is 40-50 cm, a drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the ridges and then covered with a silver black film, and the black color of the silver black film faces downwards and the silver color faces upwards;
b. planting the two-leaf and one-center Pachyrhizus Erecta seedlings on the ridges 10-15 cm away from the edges of the ridges and 80-100 cm away from the plant, and irrigating by drip irrigation belts which slowly drip towards the roots to prevent diseases from being aggravated by the drip irrigation;
c. reserving 1-2 main vines when the vines start to be cut so as to be convenient for growing in the middle, stopping cutting when 8-10 leaves grow, guiding the vines to grow from two sides to the middle of a ridge, pollinating by adopting honeybees after flowering, and enabling the common Pachyrhizus Erosi to have strong fruit setting capacity, wherein 15-20 fruits are set for growing big fruits;
d. when the fruit setting number reaches 8-15, a layer of support frame 1 is laid above each ridge, the distance between the upper edge of each support frame 1 and the root of the vine of the pachyrhizus mukuri is 40-50 cm, a support net 2 with the aperture of 8-15 cm is laid on each support frame 1, planting grooves 3 provided with culture mediums are erected on two sides of each support net 2, the distance between the erected planting grooves 3 is 2.3-2.5 m, the width of an inner cavity of each planting groove 3 is 20-25 cm, a drip irrigation tape 4 is laid on each planting groove 3, and pachyrhizus mukuri seedlings are fixedly planted in the planting grooves 3 according to the plant distance of 80-100 cm (the melon setting number is required to be held, the seedling is raised in advance, and the time for fixedly planting is required by drip irrigation), and the drip irrigation tape is watered;
e. repeating the steps c to d, and planting 4-5 batches of the Mare pickled melons annually;
f. when the surface of each layer of the pickled muskmelon begins to turn yellow, the pickled muskmelon is harvested from two sides, the pickled muskmelon is relatively durable to store, the pickled muskmelon is stored at a temperature below 4 ℃, and the melon seedlings are intensively cleaned after being harvested.
During the steps (d), (e) and (f), the three-dimensional cultivation of the shelves and the integrated control of water and fertilizer effectively reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the powdery mildew of the pachyrhizus marmalayanus.
In the method for annual production of fruit type pickled muskmelons, the pickled muskmelon seedlings are subjected to plug seedling (mainly adopting 72-hole plug seedling) 25-40 d before field planting, and the seedling age is controlled to be two leaves and one core during field planting; the edge distance and the plant distance of the fixedly planted pachyrhizus erosus seedlings are adjusted according to the external temperature, when the external temperature is low, the distance between the ridge and the edge of the ridge is minimum 10cm, and the plant distance is minimum 80 cm; the drip irrigation belt is slowly dripped to the root to prevent the spray irrigation diseases from being aggravated.
According to the method for annually producing the fruit type pickled muskmelons, a layer-shelf multi-crop production mode is introduced, so that when each batch of the fruit type pickled muskmelons grows, 1-2 main vines are reserved in each fruit type pickled muskmelon, the fruit type pickled muskmelons can grow towards the middle of a layer shelf conveniently, 8-10 leaves already climb to a net, and the vine vines of the pickled muskmelons are not guided to grow towards the middle of the layer shelf by forking. In addition, honeybees need to pollinate the Marsdenia tenacissima according to different seasons; generally, the fruit setting capability of the Pachyrhizus equi is high, and 15-20 melons are reserved in each plant for growing big fruits.
The first layer of the layered frame structure is that a support frame 1 (generally a steel frame structure) is laid at the position, 40-50 cm higher than the ground, of the root of the pachyrhizus, a support net 2 is laid on the top of the layered frame structure, planting grooves 3 are erected on two sides of the layered frame structure, stereoscopic planting of the pachyrhizus is mainly facilitated by hanging the layered frame structure, peat soil is filled in the planting grooves 3, a drip irrigation belt 4 is laid on the planting grooves, water and fertilizer integrated soilless culture of the pachyrhizus is facilitated, and continuous cropping obstacles are reduced; in order to reduce the cost, the planting groove 3 is only a plastic groove. Through the one deck up cultivation, the interval of layer frame support is adjusted as required, through the height of reasonable regulation layer frame, reduction in production cost, improvement economic benefits. The watermelon stubble crops are arranged according to the temperature and seasonal changes in the sunlight greenhouse, and generally 4-5 stubbles are planted in the sunlight greenhouse one year, namely 3-4 layers of supporting frames are arranged.
Example A novel species of Pachyrhizus Erecta, Horn No. 1 "
a. Soaking seeds of Marsdenia tenacissima No. 1 before field planting, performing plug seedling in advance for one month, and controlling the age of field planting seedlings to be two leaves and one core; particularly, in winter, heat preservation work is carried out according to the external temperature, ridges are formed after base fertilizer is applied in the solar greenhouse, the ridge width is 2.3-2.5 m, the furrow width is 40-50 cm, a drip irrigation belt is laid in the middle of each ridge, and a black downward silver black film and a silver upward silver black film are covered; the base fertilizer is agaricus bisporus fermentation waste which is stacked for 60-75 d and turned for 4-6 times to prepare the base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is 8-10 t/mu;
b. when the seedlings of the Pachyrhizus Erecta cultured in the plug seedling growing mode grow to two leaves and one center, planting the Pachyrhizus Erecta in a planting distance of 80-100 cm and 10-15 cm away from the edge of a ridge, carrying out drip irrigation and watering, and preventing the spray irrigation diseases from being weighted because a drip irrigation belt slowly drips at the root;
c. 1-2 main vines are reserved at the beginning of forking, the main vines can grow towards the middle of a shelf conveniently, when 8-10 leaves are not forked, two sides are guided to grow towards the middle, honeybees are adopted for pollination after blooming, the fruit setting capability of common Pachyrhizus Erosi is strong, and in order to grow large fruits, 15-20 fruits are set for each fruit;
d. when the fruit setting number reaches about 10, laying a steel frame structure at the root of the Pachyrhizus Erosi, which is 40-50 cm higher than the ground, as a support frame 1, laying a support net 2 on the Pachyrhizus Erosi, wherein the net hole is 8-15 cm, erecting plastic grooves with the width of 20-25 cm on two sides of the support net 2, filling peat soil in the grooves, laying a drip irrigation belt 4 on the grooves, and planting the Pachyrhizus Erosi with the plant distance of 80-100 cm (the number of the Pachyrhizus Erosi is required to be well held, and the seedling raising and the planting time are required to be controlled in advance);
e. repeating the step d when the number of the Pachyrhizus Erosi planted in the plastic groove reaches about 10; planting 4-5 crops in a solar greenhouse in one year generally;
f. when the surface of the melon begins to turn yellow, picking the pickled melons from two sides, intensively cleaning melon seedlings after picking, and storing the melons at 4 ℃.
In order to achieve efficient planting benefits, the method controls the quantity of fruits and improves the quality by raising seedlings in advance and three-dimensional soilless culture of shelves, and the shelves are fully connected with stubble arrangement after the seedlings are raised in advance, so that 4-5 stubbles are planted in the sunlight greenhouse every year, the annual growth purpose is achieved, and the economic benefits are improved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. applying base fertilizer in a sunlight greenhouse, ridging, paving drip irrigation belts in the ridges and then covering with films;
b. planting the seedlings of the blister melons, and carrying out drip irrigation and watering by using a drip irrigation tape; the specification of the fixedly planted Pachyrhizus erosus seedling in the step b is as follows: planting the pachyrhizus erosus seedlings on the ridges 10-15 cm away from the edges of the ridges and 80-100 cm in plant spacing;
c. reserving 1-2 main vines when the vines start to be harrowed, stopping harrowing when 8-10 leaves grow, guiding the vines to grow from two sides to the middle of a ridge, and pollinating by adopting bees after blooming;
d. when the fruit setting number reaches 8-15, laying a layer of support frame above each ridge, laying a support net on the support frame, erecting planting grooves with culture mediums on two sides of the support net, laying drip irrigation belts on the planting grooves, planting buzuki seedlings in the planting grooves, and carrying out drip irrigation watering by the drip irrigation belts;
e. c, repeating the forking operation in the step c, guiding vines to grow towards the middle of the support frame, and pollinating by adopting honeybees after blooming, adding new support frames for planting in a layer frame mode when the number of fruits on the support frame in the step d reaches 8-15, planting 4-5 batches of the Pachyrhizus equi annually by one layer of upward cultivation, and arranging 3-4 layers of support frames;
f. when the surface of each layer of the pachyrhizus begins to turn yellow, harvesting the pachyrhizus from two sides;
according to the method, after the pachyrhizus angulatus is planted in the first-crop field, a layer frame is built above ridges, soilless culture is continued to be planted, when the pachyrhizus angulatus climbs the net, the lower pachyrhizus are basically mature, and the upper pachyrhizus do not influence the growth of the lower part.
2. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: the base fertilizer in the step a is agaricus bisporus fermentation waste, the agaricus bisporus fermentation waste is stacked for 60-75 d and turned and stacked for 4-6 times to prepare the base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is 8-10 t/mu.
3. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the ridges in the step a is 2.3-2.5 m, and the width of the grooves among the ridges is 40-50 cm.
4. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: the film covering in the step a is to cover the ridges with a silver black film, wherein the black color of the silver black film faces downwards, and the silver color of the silver black film faces upwards.
5. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: and d, carrying out plug seedling culture 25-40 d before planting on the Macaca mulatta seedlings in the step b and the step d, and controlling the seedling age to be two leaves and one core during planting.
6. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: the specification of the fixedly planted Pachyrhizus erosus seedlings in the step d is as follows: planting the pachyrhizus seedlings in the planting grooves according to the planting distance of 80-100 cm.
7. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: and d, the distance between the upper edge of the support frame above the ridge in the step d and the root of the pachyrhizus vine on the ridge is 40-50 cm, and the distance between the erected planting grooves is 2.3-2.5 m.
8. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 7, wherein: the width of the inner cavity of the planting groove is 20-25 cm.
9. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: and d, the aperture of the supporting net in the step d is 8-15 cm.
10. The method for annually producing fruit-type pachyrhizus angulatus according to claim 1, wherein: and f, storing the pickled muskmelon in the step f at the temperature below 4 ℃.
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