CN114788473A - Method for interplanting passion fruit among macadamia nuts by utilizing mountainous regions - Google Patents
Method for interplanting passion fruit among macadamia nuts by utilizing mountainous regions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for interplanting passion fruit in macadimia nuts by utilizing mountainous regions, which comprises the steps of (1) building a mountainous region terrace, (2) planting macadimia nut saplings, (3) building a passion fruit net rack, (4) laying a water pipe, (5) planting passion fruit, (6) managing the passion fruit, (7) managing the macadimia nuts and the like. The method transforms the steep slope land which is not suitable for planting into the mountain terraced fields, and interplanting passion fruits in the young period of the macadamia nuts, so that the sharing of resources such as water, fertilizer, light and the like is realized, land resources on the flat land can be greatly saved, land competition with grains is avoided, the effects of greening the environment, promoting ecological balance, improving mountain soil and the like are realized, the economic development of mountainous areas can be promoted, farmers are promoted to become rich, and the economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for interplanting macadamia nuts and passion fruits by utilizing mountainous regions.
Background
Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell, a perennial evergreen fruit tree, belongs to the Macadamia species of the family of Macadamia, the family of the eyes of the family of the dragon, the order of the dragon, the family of dicotyledons, the plant kingdom. Macadimia nut contains rich nutrient components, namely: kunlanshan chestnut, macadamia walnut, macadamia nut and Kunlansan fruit are high-grade dry fruits which are rich in heat energy and nutrients necessary for human growth, have excellent taste and flavor and are called as the king of the dry fruits.
The cultivation time of the macadimia nuts as fruit trees is short, and the macadimia nuts have a history of only decades, but the development speed is very high. Because the growth of the Australian nut tree has strong selectivity to natural conditions such as light, heat, water, wind and the like, the investment period is long, the global planting area is small, and the annual output supply is short. At present, the planting area of the nuts in China exceeds 300 ten thousand mu, the nuts are planted in the first province of the world, provinces such as Yue, Gui, Qiong, Dian, Qian, Chuan and Min are cultivated, and Guangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong are main planting areas of the nuts in China.
The macadimia nuts are shallow in root distribution and weak in wind resistance, are suitable for being used at the gas temperature of 10-30 ℃, are most suitable for being used at the temperature of 15-30 ℃, and are unfavorable for the growth of the nuts at the temperature lower than 10 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃. The soil, climate and other conditions in Guangxi are very suitable for planting the macadimia nuts, natural conditions that the macadimia nuts are planted in an extremely thick mode can be developed in a large scale, and advantages and potential of industrial development are large. The macadimia nut industry has social benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits, and has wide market development prospect.
Macadimia nut trees belong to trees, are pleased with light, need large line spacing and plant spacing when being planted, cannot fully utilize large-area land resources, have long profit cycle, and have high cost required to be invested in earlier stage, and are one of conditions for restricting the development of the macadimia nuts. In order to solve the problem, the currently adopted method is to interplant macadimia nuts with other crops.
At present, the crops interplanted by macadamia nuts generally comprise: the crops such as tea trees, melon crops, vegetables and the like have high requirements on planting fields, or need fertile soil and smooth land, and are not suitable for interplanting in hilly lands. For example, chinese patent No. 201811015075.1 discloses a method for interplanting macadamia nut with watermelon, and chinese patent No. 202110917835.3 discloses a technology for planting potato and sweet potato among young macadamia nuts in subtropical regions, both of which can effectively reduce production costs and improve economic benefits, but are not suitable for planting in mountainous regions.
However, the main planting areas of macadamia nuts in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and the like in China belong to mountainous and hilly lands, have a plurality of steep slopes, are often irregular in shape, are inconvenient to plant, are hard to plant in environments, and are more difficult to manage simultaneously if the macadamia nuts are interplanted with other crops.
The terraced fields are strip terraced fields or wavy fields with sections built on hilly and hilly slopes along the direction of contour lines. Is an effective measure for controlling the water and soil loss of the slope farmland, and has very obvious effects of water storage, soil conservation and yield increase. The terrace has better ventilation and light transmission conditions, and is beneficial to the growth of crops and the accumulation of nutrient substances. There are horizontal terraces, slope terraces, compound terraces, etc. according to different slopes of the field surface, and they can be divided into paddy terraces, dry farming terraces, afforestation terraces, fruit tree terraces, tea garden terraces, and mulberry field terraces according to the planting utilization.
In the prior art, no technology for interplanting macadimia nuts and passion fruits in a mountain terrace exists. Passion fruit the scientific name egg fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), also a crop with Guangxi characteristics, is a botanical vine plant of Passiflora, Passiflora. The passion fruit is rich in nutrition and is rich in various vitamins, minerals and free amino acids; can be eaten fresh, the pulp is succulent, can be made into food such as beverage, fruit juice, jam, jelly, etc., and the byproduct can be used as feed, and is a fruit with high economic value. Passion fruit has become the popular characteristic fruit tree preferentially developed in China, and the cultivation area is continuously increased. Therefore, the interplanting of the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit has good market prospect and economic value.
Aiming at the problems, the invention researches a method for interplanting passion fruit in macadimia nuts by using mountains on the basis of the terraced fields of the mountains, has great market potential and wide market prospect, and can be popularized in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for interplanting passion fruit in macadimia nuts by using mountainous regions, which is characterized in that steep slope hillside fields unsuitable for planting are transformed into mountain terraces, the passion fruit is interplanted in the young macadimia nuts period, the sharing of resources such as water, fertilizer, light and the like is realized, land resources on flat ground are saved, land competition with grains is avoided, the economic development of mountainous regions is promoted, the market risk caused by single crop operation is reduced, farmers are promoted to become rich, and good economic benefit is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for interplanting macadamia nut and passion fruit by utilizing mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) building a mountain terrace: selecting a ventilated steep hill with a slope of more than 35 degrees, constructing a mountain terrace with a step height of 1-3m and a slope width of 1.5-3.0m according to the mountain conditions, and taking each slope as a planting field;
(2) planting macadimia nut saplings: soil preparation is carried out on the slope surface of the terrace, macadimia nut planting holes are arranged according to the width of the slope surface, a ditch is excavated, the depth of the planting holes is 60-80cm, and the planting distance is 3-5 m; applying base fertilizer 7-10 days before planting, then planting the macadimia nut seedlings into planting holes according to a conventional planting method, hilling the soil to be 10-20cm higher than the ground, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(3) building a passion fruit net shed frame: arranging 1-2 rows of passion fruit planting rows according to the width of the slope, wherein the distance between the passion fruit planting rows and the macadimia nut rows is not less than 50cm, and constructing passion fruit net shed frames on the planting rows;
(4) laying a water pipe: laying water pipes in the open space between the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, wherein the water pipes are connected with a water source and are provided with controllable bidirectional spray heads, each slope surface is at least connected with one water pipe, and the bidirectional spray heads are arranged at intervals of 3-5 m; respectively irrigating macadimia nuts and passion fruits;
(5) planting passion fruit: digging planting holes in the middle of every two pillars of a passion fruit net shed frame on passion fruit planting rows, taking passion fruit seedlings out of a seedling raising bag, putting the seedlings together with soil into the planting holes, compacting a soil layer, and watering enough root fixing water;
(6) managing the passion fruits: pulling the main vines of the passion fruits onto a vine climbing net to enable the vines of the passion fruits to grow along the vine climbing net, and pulling the secondary vines of the passion fruits to the left side and the right side after climbing to a certain height of the net rack to enable the secondary vines to grow to the two ends of the column along the net; performing water and fertilizer management, branch and vine pruning and pest control on the rest passion fruit according to a conventional planting technology; picking the passion fruits in batches in the maturation period of the passion fruits, planting the next batch of the passion fruits, and circularly and continuously carrying out;
(7) management of macadamia nuts: pruning the macadamia nut trees into open-heart tree forms in the first 3 years, pruning redundant branches and branches with few bearing branches for the macadamia nut trees with more than 4 years after fruit picking every year, keeping the tree forms to be smooth and air-permeable, cutting branches when new shoots grow to 10-20cm, taking the branches as bearing branches, and culturing sunny surfaces as key bearing branches; and performing water and fertilizer management and pest control according to the conventional macadimia nut planting technology.
Specifically, the mountain terraces comprise one of horizontal terraces, separated slope terraces and reverse slope terraces, or a compound terraces formed by combining any one of the horizontal terraces, the separated slope terraces and the reverse slope terraces.
Specifically, the adverse slope angle of the adverse slope terrace is not more than 5 degrees.
Preferably, the macadimia nut planting hole is arranged according to the slope width, and specifically comprises the following steps: digging planting holes along the slope surface at 50-80cm of the inner side of the terrace for the slope surface with the width less than 2.5 m; and digging planting holes along the middle line of the slope surface with the width of 2.5-3 m.
Preferably, the passion fruit planting rows are arranged according to the slope width, and specifically comprise: for the slope surface with the width less than 2.5m, arranging passion fruit planting rows at a position 30-50cm away from the outer edge of the terrace outer side; for the slope with the width of 2.5-3m, a row of passion fruit planting rows is respectively arranged at the outer side and the inner side of the terrace.
Preferably, the constructing of the passion fruit net shed frame specifically comprises: 1) a column; erecting columns every 2.5-3.0m along the passion fruit planting rows, wherein the height of each column is 2.0-2.5 m; 2) pulling a net: and pulling a climbing net along the column, and fixing the climbing net on the column.
Preferably, the pruning of the macadamia nut tree into an open-heart tree form specifically comprises: 1) pruning is carried out 6 months later after field planting, the trunk is cut to 70-90cm, multiple branches of the trunk are stimulated, and the trunk is dwarfed to be thick; 2) in the 2 nd year of field planting, removing redundant branches on the branches, only keeping 2-4 robust branches to be cultured as main branches, and keeping 2-3 side branches on each main branch in staggered distribution; 3) in the 3 rd year of field planting, the height of the trunk is controlled to be 1.2-1.5m, the height of the whole tree is controlled to be 2.5-3m, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 60-65 degrees, and the whole tree body is in an open-heart shape.
Preferably, the width of the ditch is 20-30cm, the depth of the ditch is 5-10cm, and the ditch can be used for water storage or drainage.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method combines the topographic characteristics of the major producing area of the macadimia nuts in China, reforms the steep slope hillside land which is not suitable for planting into the mountain terraced fields for cultivating the macadimia nuts and interplanting the passion fruits, can greatly save land resources on the flat ground, does not compete with grains for land, has the effects of greening environment and promoting ecological balance, can promote economic development in mountainous areas, promotes farmers to become rich, and has good economic benefit.
2. Compared with single cropping, the interplanting mode of the invention can reduce the planting cost and increase the planting economic benefit of the land in unit area. The growth cycle of the macadimia nuts is long, the investment recovery period is slow, the normal recovery period is 4-5 years, the high yield period is 6-10 years, and the macadimia nuts need to be continuously input; the passion fruit has small investment and short period, can plant and harvest 2 to 3 crops every year, has early income and can reduce the production cost of planting macadimia nuts in the first few years. By the compound interplanting operation of the two crops, the market risk brought by the operation of a single crop is reduced, and the effects of short cultivation and long growth and benefit complementation are achieved.
3. The macadimia nuts and the passion fruit are interplanted, the planting method is an innovation, the macadimia nuts are water-loving and light-loving, the most suitable growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, the passion fruit is also light-loving, the most suitable growth temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the growth environments of the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit are similar; the passion fruit is interplanted in the young period of the macadimia nuts, so that sunlight cannot be shielded mutually, the sharing of water, fertilizer and light resources can be realized, the land resources of the macadimia nut forest are fully utilized, the physical and chemical properties of soil can be changed, and the effect of improving the soil is achieved.
4. The method has the advantages that the mountain land is reclaimed into the terrace, the slope surface of the terrace is provided with the ditch, rainwater can be stored in the ditch on the slope surface in rainy days and is used for irrigating macadamia nut trees and passion fruit trees, and irrigation water can be greatly saved; when raining, the law that water flows to a lower part can be utilized, and redundant rainwater can be drained to the ground from the drainage ditch, so that root rot of crops is prevented.
5. According to the invention, the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit are interplanted, the growth of the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit is not influenced mutually, and the complementary sharing of water and fertilizer can be well realized. On one hand, the macadimia nut trees belong to arbors, the root systems of the macadimia nut trees are deep, the passion fruit trees are herbaceous plants and shallow, the root systems of the macadimia nut trees and the passion fruit trees are distributed in different land spaces, the macadimia nut trees mainly absorb water and fertilizers in a deep soil layer, and the passion fruit trees mainly absorb water and fertilizers in a shallow soil layer without mutual interference. On the other hand, fallen leaves generated in the planting process of the passion fruit and vines after fruit picking can be used as fertilizers of the fallen leaves and the vines, and the humus content of soil can also be improved. Therefore, the invention can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer and reduce the expense of the fertilizer cost.
6. According to the method, the passion fruit is planted in the mountain terrace, the terrace is more ventilated and breathable relative to the flat ground, accumulated water is not easy to accumulate on the slope, and relatively few insects exist, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of the passion fruit can be effectively reduced; and only 1-2 rows of passion fruit are planted on each slope, so that the probability of mutual infection of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced. Therefore, the invention can reduce the using amount of pesticide, save the production cost, reduce plant diseases and insect pests and ensure the quality of the passion fruit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention showing a slope with a width of less than 2 m; in the figure: 1. macadamia nut tree, 2 passion fruit seedlings, 3, slope wall.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention showing a slope of 2-4m in width; in the figure: 1. macadamia nut tree, 2, passion fruit seedlings, 3, slope wall.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of three terraces of the present invention; in the figure: a. horizontal terraces, b, isolated slope terraces, c, reverse slope terraces.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention for planting a horizontal terrace with a slope having a width of less than 2 m.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the passion fruit net shed frame and passion fruit planting thereof according to the present invention; in the figure: 5. a pillar, 6, a climbing vine net, 7, passion vine vines, 8 and passion fruit planting holes.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the present invention in planting on a slope in a horizontal terrace.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples:
example 1
A method for interplanting passion fruit among macadamia nuts by utilizing mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) building a mountain terrace: selecting a ventilated steep hill with a slope of more than 35 degrees, constructing a horizontal mountain terrace with a step height of 1m and a slope width of 2m according to the mountain conditions, and taking each slope as a planting field;
(2) planting macadimia nut saplings: soil preparation is carried out on the slope surface of the terrace, and a row of planting holes are dug along the slope surface at a position 50cm away from the inner side of the terrace according to the width of the slope surface; excavating a ditch with the width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm for water storage and drainage; the planting hole depth is 60cm, and the planting distance is 3.5 m; applying base fertilizer 7 days before planting, then planting the macadimia nut seedlings into planting holes according to a conventional planting method, hilling the soil to be higher than the ground by 10cm, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(3) building a passion fruit net shed frame: each slope surface is provided with 1 row of passion fruit planting rows, and the planting rows are arranged outside the terrace and are 30cm away from the outer edge; the distance between the passion fruit planting rows and the macadimia nut rows is not less than 50cm, and a passion fruit net shed frame is built on the planting rows, and specifically comprises the following steps: 1) a column; erecting columns every 3.0m along the passion fruit planting rows, wherein the height of each column is 2.5 m; 2) pulling a net: and pulling a climbing rattan net along the pillar, and fixing the climbing rattan net on the pillar.
(4) Laying a water pipe: laying water pipes in the open space between the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, wherein the water pipes are connected with a water source and provided with controllable bidirectional nozzles, each slope surface is at least connected with one water pipe, and the bidirectional nozzles are arranged at intervals of 3.5 m; respectively irrigating macadimia nuts and passion fruits;
(5) planting passion fruit: digging planting holes in the middle of every two pillars of a passion fruit net shed frame on passion fruit planting rows, taking passion fruit seedlings out of a seedling raising bag, putting the seedlings together with soil into the planting holes, compacting a soil layer, and watering enough root fixing water;
(6) managing the passion fruits: pulling the main tendrils of the passion fruit to a vine climbing net to enable the tendrils of the passion fruit to grow along the vine climbing net, and pulling the secondary tendrils of the passion fruit to the left and right sides after climbing to a certain height of a net rack to enable the secondary tendrils of the passion fruit to grow to the two ends of a column along the net; performing water and fertilizer management, branch and vine pruning and pest control on the rest passion fruit according to a conventional planting technology; the passion fruit is harvested in batches in the ripening period of the passion fruit, the next batch of passion fruit is planted, and the steps are carried out continuously in a circulating mode;
(7) management of macadimia nuts: in the previous 3 years, the macadimia nut trees are trimmed into open-heart trees, and the specific method comprises the following steps: 1) pruning is carried out 6 months later after field planting, the trunk is cut to 70cm, multiple branches of the trunk are stimulated, and the trunk is dwarfed and thickened; 2) in the 2 nd year of field planting, removing redundant branches on the branches, only reserving 2-4 robust branches to be cultured as main branches, reserving 2-3 side branches on each main branch, and distributing in a staggered manner; 3) and in the 3 rd year of field planting, the height of the trunk is controlled to be 1.2m, the height of the whole tree is controlled to be 2.5m, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 60-65 degrees, and the whole tree body is in an open-heart shape.
For the macadamia nut trees with the fruit picking period of more than 4 years, trimming redundant branches and branches with few bearing branches after fruit picking every year, keeping tree shapes to be smooth and breathable, cutting branches when new shoots grow to 10-20cm to serve as bearing branches, and culturing sunny sides to serve as key bearing branches; and performing water and fertilizer management and pest control according to the conventional macadimia nut planting technology.
Example 2
A method for interplanting macadamia nut and passion fruit by utilizing mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) building a mountain terrace: constructing a separate slope land terrace with the step height of 1.5m and the slope surface width of 3.5m according to the mountain condition by selecting a ventilated steep slope land with the slope of more than 35 degrees, wherein each slope surface is used as a planting field;
(2) planting macadimia nut saplings: soil preparation is carried out on the slope surface of the terrace, a row of planting holes are dug along the center line position of the slope surface, a ditch is dug, the width of the ditch is 25cm, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, and the ditch is used for water storage and drainage; planting holes are 70cm deep, and the planting distance is 4 m; applying base fertilizer 10 days before planting, then planting macadimia nut seedlings in planting holes according to a conventional planting method, hilling the soil to be 10cm higher than the ground, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(3) building a passion fruit net shed frame: the method comprises the following steps of respectively arranging a passion fruit planting row at the position 35cm away from the edge of the outer side and the inner side of the terrace, setting the distance between the passion fruit planting row and the macadimia nut row to be not less than 50cm, and building a passion fruit net shed frame on the planting rows, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) a column; erecting columns every 2.5m along the passion fruit planting rows, wherein the height of each column is 2.0 m; 2) pulling a net: and pulling a climbing rattan net along the pillar, and fixing the climbing rattan net on the pillar.
(4) Laying a water pipe: laying water pipes in the open space between the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, wherein the water pipes are connected with a water source and are provided with controllable bidirectional spray heads, each slope surface is at least connected with one water pipe, and the bidirectional spray heads are arranged at intervals of 4 m; respectively irrigating macadimia nuts and passion fruits;
(5) planting passion fruit: digging planting holes in the middle of every two pillars of a passion fruit net shed frame on passion fruit planting rows, taking passion fruit seedlings out of the seedling raising bags, putting the seedlings together with soil into the planting holes, compacting a soil layer, and watering enough rooting water;
(6) managing the passion fruits: pulling the main tendrils of the passion fruit to a vine climbing net to enable the tendrils of the passion fruit to grow along the vine climbing net, and pulling the secondary tendrils of the passion fruit to the left and right sides after climbing to a certain height of a net rack to enable the secondary tendrils of the passion fruit to grow to the two ends of a column along the net; performing water and fertilizer management, branch and vine pruning and pest control on the rest passion fruit according to a conventional planting technology; the passion fruit is harvested in batches in the ripening period of the passion fruit, the next batch of passion fruit is planted, and the steps are carried out continuously in a circulating mode;
(7) management of macadamia nuts: in the first 3 years, the macadamia nut tree is trimmed into an open-heart tree form, and the specific method comprises the following steps: 1) pruning is started after 6 months of field planting, the trunk is cut to 90cm, multiple branches of the trunk are stimulated, and the trunk is dwarfed and thickened; 2) in the 2 nd year of field planting, removing redundant branches on the branches, only reserving 2-4 robust branches to be cultured as main branches, reserving 2-3 side branches on each main branch, and distributing in a staggered manner; 3) in the 3 rd year of field planting, the height of the trunk is controlled to be 1.2-1.5m, the height of the whole tree is controlled to be 2.5-3m, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 60-65 degrees, and the whole tree body forms an open core shape.
For the macadamia nut trees with the fruit picking period of more than 4 years, trimming redundant branches and branches with few bearing branches after fruit picking every year, keeping tree shapes to be smooth and breathable, cutting branches when new shoots grow to 10-20cm to serve as bearing branches, and culturing sunny sides to serve as key bearing branches; and performing water and fertilizer management and pest control on the rest macadimia nuts according to the conventional planting technology of the macadimia nuts.
Example 3
A method for interplanting macadamia nut and passion fruit by utilizing mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) building a mountain terrace: selecting a ventilated steep hill with a slope of more than 35 degrees, constructing a reverse slope mountain terrace with a step height of 2.0m and a slope width of 4.0m according to the mountain, wherein the reverse slope angle of the reverse slope terrace is not more than 5 degrees, and each slope surface is used as a planting field;
(2) planting macadimia nut saplings: preparing soil on the slope surface of the terrace, digging a row of planting holes along the center line of the slope surface, and digging a ditch, wherein the width of the ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the ditch is 5cm, and the ditch is used for storing and draining water; planting holes with the depth of 80cm and plant spacing of 4.5 m; applying base fertilizer 8 days before planting, then planting the macadimia nut seedlings in planting holes according to a conventional planting method, hilling the soil to be higher than the ground by 15cm, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(3) building a passion fruit net shed frame: arranging a row of passion fruit planting rows at the position, away from the edge by 45cm, of the outer side and the inner side of the terrace respectively; the distance between the passion fruit planting rows and the macadamia nut rows is not less than 50cm, and a passion fruit net shed frame is built on the planting rows, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) a column; erecting columns every 2.5m along the passion fruit planting rows, wherein the height of each column is 2.0 m; 2) pulling a net: and pulling a climbing rattan net along the pillar, and fixing the climbing rattan net on the pillar.
(4) Laying a water pipe: laying water pipes in the open space between the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, wherein the water pipes are connected with a water source and provided with controllable bidirectional nozzles, each slope surface is at least connected with one water pipe, and the bidirectional nozzles are arranged at intervals of 4.5 m; respectively irrigating macadimia nuts and passion fruit;
(5) planting passion fruit: digging planting holes in the middle of every two pillars of a passion fruit net shed frame on passion fruit planting rows, taking passion fruit seedlings out of a seedling raising bag, putting the seedlings together with soil into the planting holes, compacting a soil layer, and watering enough root fixing water;
(6) managing the passion fruits: pulling the main vines of the passion fruits onto a vine climbing net to enable the vines of the passion fruits to grow along the vine climbing net, and pulling the secondary vines of the passion fruits to the left side and the right side after climbing to a certain height of the net rack to enable the secondary vines to grow to the two ends of the column along the net; performing water and fertilizer management, branch and vine pruning and pest control on the rest passion fruit according to a conventional planting technology; picking the passion fruits in batches in the maturation period of the passion fruits, planting the next batch of the passion fruits, and circularly and continuously carrying out;
(7) management of macadamia nuts: in the first 3 years, the macadamia nut tree is trimmed into an open-heart tree form, and the specific method comprises the following steps: 1) pruning is started after 6 months of field planting, the trunk is cut to 80cm, multiple branches of the trunk are stimulated, and the trunk is dwarfed and thickened; 2) in the 2 nd year of field planting, removing redundant branches on the branches, only keeping 2-4 robust branches to be cultured as main branches, and keeping 2-3 side branches on each main branch in staggered distribution; 3) in the 3 rd year of field planting, the height of the trunk is controlled to be 1.2-1.5m, the height of the whole tree is controlled to be 2.5-3m, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 60-65 degrees, and the whole tree body is in an open-heart shape.
For the macadamia nut trees with the fruit number of more than 4 years, trimming redundant branches and branches with few bearing branches after fruit picking every year, keeping tree shapes transparent and breathable, cutting branches when young shoots grow to 10cm, using the branches as bearing branches, and culturing sunny sides as key bearing branches; and performing water and fertilizer management and pest control according to the conventional macadimia nut planting technology.
Example 4
A method for interplanting passion fruit among macadamia nuts by utilizing mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) building a mountain terrace: selecting a steep hill with ventilation and a slope of more than 35 degrees, constructing a horizontal mountain terrace with different step heights of 1m and slope widths of 1.8-3.5m according to the mountain conditions, and taking each slope as a planting field;
(2) planting macadimia nut saplings: soil preparation is carried out on the slope surface of the terrace, and macadimia nut planting holes are arranged according to the width of the slope surface, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: for the slope surface with the width less than 2.5m, digging planting holes along the slope surface at the position 50cm away from the inner side of the terrace; digging planting holes along the center line of the slope surface with the width of 2.5-3.5 m; excavating a ditch, wherein the width of the ditch is 25cm, and the depth of the ditch is 10cm, and the ditch is used for storing and draining water; the planting hole depth is 60cm, and the planting distance is 5 m; applying base fertilizer 7 days before planting, then planting the macadimia nut seedlings in planting holes according to a conventional planting method, hilling the soil to be 20cm higher than the ground, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(3) building a passion fruit net shed frame: 1-2 rows of passion fruit planting rows are arranged according to the width of the slope, and specifically the method comprises the following steps: for the slope surface with the width less than 2.5m, arranging a passion fruit planting line at a position 30cm away from the outer edge of the terrace outer side; for the slope with the width of 2.5-3.5m, respectively arranging a row of passion fruit planting rows at the outer side and the inner side of the terrace;
the distance between the passion fruit planting rows and the macadamia nut rows is not less than 50cm, and a passion fruit net shed frame is built on the planting rows, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) a column; erecting columns every 2.8m along the passion fruit planting rows, wherein the height of each column is 2.2 m; 2) pulling a net: and pulling a climbing net along the column, and fixing the climbing net on the column.
(4) Laying a water pipe: laying water pipes in the open space between the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, wherein the water pipes are connected with a water source and are provided with controllable bidirectional spray heads, each slope surface is at least connected with one water pipe, and the bidirectional spray heads are arranged at intervals of 5 m; respectively irrigating macadimia nuts and passion fruit;
(5) planting passion fruit: digging planting holes in the middle of every two pillars of a passion fruit net shed frame on passion fruit planting rows, taking passion fruit seedlings out of the seedling raising bags, putting the seedlings together with soil into the planting holes, compacting a soil layer, and watering enough rooting water;
(6) managing the passion fruits: pulling the main vines of the passion fruits onto a vine climbing net to enable the vines of the passion fruits to grow along the vine climbing net, and pulling the secondary vines of the passion fruits to the left side and the right side after climbing to a certain height of the net rack to enable the secondary vines to grow to the two ends of the column along the net; performing water and fertilizer management, branch and vine pruning and pest control on the rest passion fruit according to a conventional planting technology; picking the passion fruits in batches in the maturation period of the passion fruits, planting the next batch of the passion fruits, and circularly and continuously carrying out;
(7) management of macadamia nuts: in the first 3 years, the macadamia nut tree is trimmed into an open-heart tree form, and the specific method comprises the following steps: 1) pruning is started after 6 months of field planting, the trunk is cut to 90cm, multiple branches of the trunk are stimulated, and the trunk is dwarfed and thickened; 2) in the 2 nd year of field planting, removing redundant branches on the branches, only reserving 2-4 robust branches to be cultured as main branches, reserving 2-3 side branches on each main branch, and distributing in a staggered manner; 3) and in the 3 rd year of field planting, controlling the height of the trunk to be 1.5m and the height of the whole tree to be 2.5m, so that the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 60-65 degrees, and the whole tree body is in an open-heart shape.
For the macadamia nut trees with the fruit picking period of more than 4 years, trimming redundant branches and branches with few bearing branches after fruit picking every year, keeping tree shapes to be smooth and breathable, cutting branches when new shoots grow to 20cm, using the branches as bearing branches, and culturing sunny sides as key bearing branches; and performing water and fertilizer management and pest control according to the conventional macadimia nut planting technology.
And (3) data statistics:
1) the yield, fruit number and weight of individual batch of passion fruit in examples 1-4 were counted, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 yield of individual passion fruit lots
| Average yield per plant (kg) | Average fruit number per plant | Average weight of single fruit (g) | |
| Example 1 | 8.23 | 125 | 65.84 |
| Example 2 | 8.05 | 119 | 67.65 |
| Example 3 | 8.12 | 120 | 67.67 |
| Example 4 | 8.25 | 128 | 64.45 |
Note: the data in the above table are all averages.
The data of the fruits produced by a single batch of passion fruit is shown in the table above, 2-3 batches of the passion fruit can be produced each year, when the passion fruit is planted in 3 months in the same year, the passion fruit blooms in 6 months, fruits are hung in the last ten days, and the first batch of the passion fruit is harvested in 7 months; the production period is about 4 months, and the planting of the next batch can be carried out after the first batch is harvested.
As can be seen from Table 1, the average yield of the single plant, the average fruit bearing number of the single plant and the average weight of the single fruit of the fresh fruit of the invention are all kept at higher levels, which are equivalent to the effect of flat land cultivation.
2) The planting cost, the amount of organic fertilizer (base fertilizer), the first fruit yield in the 4 th year after planting and the yield reaching the high yield stage after planting in the 6 th year in examples 1 to 4 were respectively counted and compared with the data of conventional sloping field planting, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Australia nut yield and planting cost accounting
Note: the data in the above table are averages.
The variety of the macadimia nuts planted in the embodiment is Guire No. 1, is the first new variety of the macadimia nuts which are self-bred in Guangxi, has the obvious advantages of early bearing, high yield, stable yield, high quality and the like, and can bear fruits in the 4 th year after planting, and the 6 th year can reach the high yield period.
Therefore, the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit are interplanted, the usage amount of organic fertilizer is reduced on the premise of ensuring the yield of the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, and the planting cost is reduced. This application is favorable to reducing the market risk that single crop operation brought through the compound interplanting operation of two kinds of crops, and quick fund of returning.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive faculty, based on the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for interplanting passion fruit in macadimia nuts by utilizing mountainous regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) building a mountain terrace: selecting a ventilated steep hill with a slope of more than 35 degrees, building a mountain terrace with a step height of 1-3m and a slope width of 1.5-3.0m according to the mountain, and taking each slope as a planting field;
(2) planting macadimia nut saplings: soil preparation is carried out on the slope surface of the terrace, macadamia nut planting holes are arranged according to the width of the slope surface, a ditch is excavated, the planting holes are 60-80cm deep, and the plant spacing is 3-5 m; applying base fertilizer 7-10 days before planting, then planting the macadimia nut seedlings into planting holes according to a conventional planting method, hilling the soil to be higher than the ground by 10-20cm, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(3) building a passion fruit net shed frame: arranging 1-2 rows of passion fruit planting rows according to the width of the slope, wherein the distance between the passion fruit planting rows and the macadimia nut rows is not less than 50cm, and constructing passion fruit net shed frames on the planting rows;
(4) laying a water pipe: laying water pipes in the open space between the macadimia nuts and the passion fruit, wherein the water pipes are connected with a water source and are provided with controllable bidirectional nozzles, each slope surface is at least connected with one water pipe, and the bidirectional nozzles are arranged at intervals of 3-5 m; respectively irrigating macadimia nuts and passion fruits;
(5) planting passion fruit: digging planting holes in the middle of every two pillars of a passion fruit net shed frame on passion fruit planting rows, taking passion fruit seedlings out of a seedling raising bag, putting the seedlings together with soil into the planting holes, compacting a soil layer, and watering enough root fixing water;
(6) managing the passion fruits: pulling the main vines of the passion fruits onto a vine climbing net to enable the vines of the passion fruits to grow along the vine climbing net, and pulling the secondary vines of the passion fruits to the left side and the right side after climbing to a certain height of the net rack to enable the secondary vines to grow to the two ends of the column along the net; performing water and fertilizer management, branch and vine pruning and pest control on the rest passion fruit according to a conventional planting technology; picking the passion fruits in batches in the maturation period of the passion fruits, planting the next batch of the passion fruits, and circularly and continuously carrying out;
(7) management of macadimia nuts: trimming the macadimia nut trees into open-heart tree forms in the first 3 years, trimming redundant branches and branches with few bearing branches after picking fruits of the macadimia nut trees for more than 4 years each year, keeping the tree forms to be smooth and air-permeable, cutting branches when young shoots grow to 10-20cm, using the branches as bearing branches, and culturing sunny sides to be key bearing branches; and performing water and fertilizer management and pest control according to the conventional macadimia nut planting technology.
2. The method for interplanting macadimia nuts with passion fruits according to the mountainous land is characterized in that: the mountain terraces comprise one of horizontal terraces, separated slope terraces and reverse slope terraces, or a compound terraces formed by combining any one of the horizontal terraces, the separated slope terraces and the reverse slope terraces.
3. The method for interplanting macadamia nuts and passion fruits on mountains as claimed in claim 2, wherein the steps of: the reverse slope angle of the reverse slope terrace is not more than 5 degrees.
4. The method for interplanting macadamia nuts and passion fruits on mountains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the macadimia nut planting hole is arranged according to the width of the slope, and specifically comprises the following steps: for the slope surface with the width less than 2.5m, digging a planting hole along the slope surface at a position 50-80cm away from the inner side of the terrace; and digging planting holes along the middle line of the slope surface with the width of 2.5-3 m.
5. The method for interplanting macadimia nuts with passion fruits according to the mountainous land is characterized in that: the passion fruit planting rows are arranged according to the slope surface width, and specifically comprise the following steps: for the slope surface with the width less than 2.5m, arranging passion fruit planting rows at the position 30-50cm away from the outer edge of the terrace outer side; for the slope with the width of 2.5-3m, a row of passion fruit planting rows is respectively arranged at the outer side and the inner side of the terrace.
6. The method for interplanting macadamia nuts and passion fruits on mountains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for building the passion fruit net shed frame specifically comprises the following steps: 1) a column; erecting columns every 2.5-3.0m along the passion fruit planting rows, wherein the height of each column is 2.0-2.5 m; 2) pulling a net: and pulling a climbing net along the column, and fixing the climbing net on the column.
7. The method for interplanting macadimia nuts with passion fruits according to the mountainous land is characterized in that: the method for pruning the macadamia nut tree into the open-heart tree shape specifically comprises the following steps: 1) pruning is started after 6 months of field planting, the trunk is cut to 70-90cm, multiple branches of the trunk are stimulated, and the trunk is dwarfed and thickened; 2) in the 2 nd year of field planting, removing redundant branches on the branches, only reserving 2-4 robust branches to be cultured as main branches, reserving 2-3 side branches on each main branch, and distributing in a staggered manner; 3) in the 3 rd year of field planting, the height of the trunk is controlled to be 1.2-1.5m, the height of the whole tree is controlled to be 2.5-3m, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 60-65 degrees, and the whole tree body forms an open core shape.
8. The method for interplanting macadamia nuts and passion fruits on mountains as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of the ditch is 20-30cm, the depth is 5-10cm, and the ditch can be used for water storage or drainage.
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| CN113678681A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-23 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving planting survival rate of macadamia nut in mountainous region |
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| CN110178626A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-30 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of abrupt slope implantation methods of Queensland nut |
| CN113678681A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-23 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving planting survival rate of macadamia nut in mountainous region |
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