CN108782059A - Small watermelon stand and climb ground composite cultivation method and composite cultivation frame - Google Patents
Small watermelon stand and climb ground composite cultivation method and composite cultivation frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782059A CN108782059A CN201810406983.7A CN201810406983A CN108782059A CN 108782059 A CN108782059 A CN 108782059A CN 201810406983 A CN201810406983 A CN 201810406983A CN 108782059 A CN108782059 A CN 108782059A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of small watermelon stand and ground composite cultivation method is climbed, steps are as follows：Plot selects；Variety selection；Nursery；Site preparation does furrow；Field planting：It first uses watermelon card punch in furrow face central openings, then seedling band soil is planted in hole, is poured with special liquid medicine；Special liquid medicine includes humic acid, a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, avermectin and fenaminosulf ingredient, and amount of application is 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, 1800-2000 g of composite fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 80% carbendazim, 1000 g, 1.8% avermectin, 100 g, 70% fenaminosulf, 200 g per acre；It builds composite cultivation frame and guides tendril restocking；Pollination fruit retention；Long term cultivation.Present invention combination composite cultivation pergola facility is cultivated, and in conjunction with corresponding cultivation techniques such as the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, honeybee pollination technology, disease pest Synthetical prevention technology, Long term cultivation technologies, is significantly done sth. in advance watermelon Time To Market, is improved the yield of watermelon and quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of watermelon cultivation, and in particular to a kind of small watermelon stand and climb ground composite cultivation method
And composite cultivation frame.
Background technology
With the raising of Living consumption, Early-mid ripening Small-sized watermelon becomes the new lover in market.Mini watermelon is because of its shape
Beauty, fine and tender taste, it is easy to carry, be suitble to family's one-time-consumption the features such as get consumer reception again on the market, consumption proportion
Increasingly increase, market prospects are very considerable.In recent years, Yi Jiang, Zhejiang, the East China that Shanghai is representative have been developing progressively as small west
The large-scale production base of melon production, market are also in the trend risen year by year to the demand of mini watermelon kind.Utilize heliogreenhouse
With the mini watermelon of the facility cultivations such as greenhouse, the features such as listing is early, quality is good due to it, is favored by consumers, and cultivated area is also in
Ever-increasing trend.Therefore for regional early spring low temperature, the specific ecological condition of dim light in Zhejiang, carry out facility mini watermelon new varieties
Draw the high-quality height such as choosing and the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, honeybee pollination technology, disease pest Synthetical prevention technology, Long term cultivation technology
Effect cultivation technique is integrated to have important practical significance with Demonstration And Extension.
Existing small watermelon cultural method substantially there are two types of：It one is climbing cultivates, the vines of watermelon are with being laid in melon patch
Face, the cultural method space availability ratio is not high, and yield is relatively low, plants 500-600 plants per acre, per mu yield quotient under the conditions of Long term cultivation
Savor melon 3000-3500 kg；Another kind is stand cultivation, by the built in canopy, vines restocking is allowed to grow, the cultural method is empty
Between utilization rate be better than and cultivate with climbing, plant 1200-1500 plants per acre, per mu yield 3500-4000 kg under the conditions of Long term cultivation.
But there is different degrees of space waste in both the above mode, and be only suitable for progress small watermelon in previous moso bamboo Small plastic shed and climb
Ground is cultivated, and stand cultivation need to could realize that watermelon avoids continuous cropping in glasshouse or steelframe booth, be required for more renewing every year
Place, and removal charge is higher in glasshouse or steelframe booth, hinders the plantation of facility small watermelon to a certain extent
The expansion of area.Thus, it is badly in need of a kind of novel cultural method to alleviate the above contradiction.
Invention content
The present invention is to promote small watermelon increasing both production and income, has invented a kind of small watermelon stand and has climbed ground composite cultivation side
Method is cultivated by greenhouse facility, is planted in conjunction with the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, honeybee pollination technology, disease pest Synthetical prevention technology, long season
The corresponding cultivation techniques such as training technology significantly do sth. in advance watermelon Time To Market, improve the yield of watermelon and quality；Meanwhile it mating providing
Composite cultivation frame devises the lanyard and pendant of special construction, and pendant has a variety of different purposes, corresponding with pendant by being linked with
Connection, can climb rattan, also allow for the suspension string bag.
The above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is carried out by the following technical programs：A kind of small watermelon stand with climb
Ground composite cultivation method, includes the following steps.
（1）Plot selects：Soil property is fertile, loose loam or sandy loam, and soil pH is between 6-8.
（2）Variety selection：Select small watermelon kind, it is desirable that the ripe phase is early, growing way is steady, angular divergence is small, is suitable for dense planting
Stand and climb ground composite cultivation.
（3）Nursery：Winter-spring season graft seedling growth selects the nutritive cube of a diameter of 6.5-9.0 cm, a height of 6.5-9.0 cm,
Nutritive cube is packed into watermelon seedling culturing Nutrition Soil, it is desirable that alms bowl face is smooth, and height is consistent, and bottom is leveled up；First 1 week is sowed with 50% carbendazim
800 times of liquid of wettable powder or 40% formalin 100 times of liquid sprinkling Nutrition Soils carry out disinfection.
（4）Site preparation does furrow：Select topography higher, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field that soil property is fertile, loose；After preceding crop harvest,
Deep ploughing soil and the thin leveling of rake immediately, coordinate and apply quick lime, Chicken dung per acre, 25-30 cm of ploughed depth is advisable；Before field planting
Rape cake, ternary compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, boron fertilizer are applied within one week per acre, are raked the soil level again 1 time after applying fertilizer, are done furrow.
（5）Field planting：It first uses watermelon card punch in furrow face center, by the spacing in the rows trepanning of 45-55 cm, then seedling band soil is planted
Enter in hole, poured with special liquid medicine, white mulch is covered, with the tight root of grave.
The special liquid medicine of the pouring include humic acid, a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim,
The ingredients such as avermectin and fenaminosulf, per acre amount of application be 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer,
1800-2000 g of composite fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 80% carbendazim, 1000 g, 1.8% avermectin, 100 g, 70% fenaminosulf
The above ingredient is first added in 50 L water by 200 g, when application, and liquid medicine mother liquor is made, is then diluted and pours in 20 times of ratios
It fills, every plant of 2-2.5 L of liquid medicine poured after dilution, moisture is disposably watered with, and watermelon no longer needs to water before bearing fruit；The liquid medicine contains
Some nutritional ingredients can promote watermelon seedlings Rapid Rooting and growth, and the medicine component contained simultaneously can effectively kill soil again
In pest and pathogen, to promote the early growth of watermelon seedlings.
（6）It builds composite cultivation frame and guides tendril restocking：The composite cultivation frame, including several arches side by side
Holder, each arch support includes the arch ring on top, connects cross bar between the column of end that is connected to arch ring, column, side by side
Arch ring between connect lateral cross-member, connected on cross-member it is several climb rattan lanyard；
The rattan lanyard of climbing climbs the perforation that several hollow outs are provided on rattan lanyard, perforation is arranged in strip and flat band-like
The perforation of horizontal long lumbar hole, each two consistency from top to bottom constitutes a hanging structure, constitutes two perforation of a hanging structure
Spacing is formed between close to each other and two perforation, several hanging structures are arranged from one end uniform intervals that rattan is linked with are climbed to another
End；
Multifunctional pendant is connected on the hanging structure, the stabilizer blade that Multifunctional pendant is diverged by two connects and composes the V-type of handstand,
And the lower end of two stabilizer blades extends to form coupler body from bottom to top, one of stabilizer blade is inserted through two perforation from top to bottom, more
The coupler body of function pendant is used to hang the plastics string bag as hypocarp；
A Multifunctional pendant is connected on first hanging structure of the close upper end for climbing rattan lanyard, the Multifunctional pendant
The angle position of upper end is mounted on first hanging structure, meanwhile, the Multifunctional pendant is together with climbing the upper end of rattan lanyard from upper past
Under surround cross-member, also, two coupler bodies of the Multifunctional pendant are mounted on second hanging structure, second hanging structure
Positioned at the lower section of first hanging structure, then the top ring of rattan lanyard is climbed around being articulated on cross-member；
A Multifunctional pendant, two hooks of the Multifunctional pendant are connected on the hanging structure of the close lower end for climbing rattan lanyard
Body is mounted on the hanging structure, and soil is inserted at the tip of Multifunctional pendant straight down；
Every plant of melon seedling, which is arranged in pairs or groups at least one, climbs rattan lanyard, watermelon training using two climing restockings, one it is climing climb ground mode, growth is more early period
Remaining lateral bine all removes, and a small amount of lateral bine is stayed after tying melon, when melon is grown to 0.9-1.2kg, starts Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, children's melon is placed on dedicated
In the plastics string bag, the plastics string bag is uniformly hung on the Multifunctional pendant on climbing rattan lanyard, and substantially remain in sustained height.
Keep the working condition of each young melon almost the same, illumination, temperature, appropriateness, ventilation etc. is consistent, then the size, appearance of fruit,
Interior quality also can be balanced, sells lover, commodity height.
The stand composite cultivation frame that with climbing composite cultivation method is arranged in pairs or groups above-mentioned, carries out melon seedling dense planting, can make full use of
Soil space, improve photosynthetic utilization rate, make per mu yield commodity melon up to 5000 kg or more, and under the cultural method, stand and climb ground
The complicated and confused watermelon maturity period is different, to increase the listing phase of watermelon；In addition the branches and tendrils that ground is climbed in the cultural method are covered in ground
On film, keep the light under mulch very weak, on the one hand inhibit the growth of weeds, on the other hand reduces the temperature of summer soil,
To be conducive to the smooth more summer of facility small watermelon.
（7）Pollination fruit retention：Artificial supplementary pollination is carried out at the florescence, that is, the male flower opened and female flower are selected, morning
1 male flower is plucked when 7-10, its pollen is put on female chapiter, and 1 male flower can award 2-3 female flower；Or full-bloom stage per acre
Honeybee 1-2 casees are put on ground, and supple-mentary pollination is carried out using honeybee.
（8）Long term cultivation：Under the conditions of facility plastic greenhouse, by reinforcing rich water, branches and tendrils manage, and facility mini watermelon is made to grow
Phase crosses over three seasons of spring and summer autumn, continuous to harvest 4-5 batches of melons.
Preferably, the step（1）, melon preferably fallow land, wasteland, planted melon the plot crop rotation phase answer 5 years with
On, preceding crop is advisable with beans or cereal crops.
Preferably, the step（2）Bearing fruit property of selection is good, fruit commodity rate is high, yielding ability is good, single 2-3 kilograms of melon weight,
Tolerance to low temperature and weak light, the improved seeds of comprehensive resistance prominent characteristic, improved seeds include gold honey 2, early spring carbuncle etc..
Preferably, the step（3）, it is river in Zhejiang Province anvil 5 to select grafting, stock, and scion is gold sweet No. 2, early spring carbuncle
Deng being grafted using the method for plant propagation with cutting, wholeheartedly, scion seedling cotyledon flattens one leaf of rootstock seedling substantially.
Preferably, the watermelon seedling culturing Nutrition Soil, which is 1000 kg lands, adds 200 kg of decomposed manure, add formula multiple
1.0 kg of Hefei, wherein N: P2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15, the ppm of trace element in calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, canopy etc. >=500.
Preferably, the step（4）, 25 kg of 25-40 kg of quick lime or lime nitrogen, Chicken dung 1000 are applied per acre
kg；Field planting the last week applies 100 kg of rape cake, 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre（N:P2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15）, potash fertilizer 10
Kg, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 300 g of boron fertilizer rake the soil level 1 time again after applying fertilizer, make wide 2.5 m, East and West direction furrow, per 2 furrow of canopy, furrow
30 cm of furrow width；When field planting, by the spacing in the rows trepanning of 45-55 cm, 450-550 plants are planted per acre.
Preferably, the step（6）, vertical type rack, high 2 m of frame first makees montant, caliber 2 with inserting perpendicular steel pipe
The iron wire of cm, 3 m of spacing mono-, the roads Zai Bang 3-4 transverse direction make cross bar, and the top cross bar is tied a rope every 25 cm, and rope is wanted
It asks and falls to ground, per furrow uniline fixed pole.
Preferably, the step（7）, watermelon bear fruit after 3-4 days, check whether success of bearing fruit, to what is do not beared fruit,
Next female flower continues pollination and bears fruit when blooming.
Preferably, the step（8）, using the strong habit of watermelon indeterminate growth and branchiness, harvested in watermelon maturation
Afterwards, by the branches and tendrils reinforcing fertilizer and water management, wipe out aging, make plant it is indefinite it is climing bear fruit again, realize it is much a kind of receive, harvesting 4-5
Batch.
In conclusion the present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art：
The present invention is using facility mini watermelon as object, for regional early spring low temperature, the specific ecological condition of dim light in Zhejiang, by its property
Shape is investigated and Adaptability Evaluation, screens the facility mini watermelon new varieties for being suitble to regional early spring cultivation in Zhejiang；It is planted by greenhouse facility
Training, and combine the mating cultivations such as the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, honeybee pollination technology, disease pest Synthetical prevention technology, Long term cultivation technology
Training technology significantly does sth. in advance watermelon Time To Market, improves the yield of watermelon and quality, promotes increasing both production and income, remarkable in economical benefits.
The composite cultivation frame of the present invention is reached by the mutual cooperation for climbing rattan lanyard and Multifunctional pendant of special construction
It climbs rattan and hangs the effect of the string bag；The rattan that climbs of the present invention is linked with, soft to wind, and can be cut according to physical length, and flexibility ratio is high,
Transport easy to carry also allows for operating；The Multifunctional pendant of the present invention has a multiple use, the V-type tip of Multifunctional pendant and
Coupler body coordinates with the perforation climbed on rattan lanyard, realizes three kinds of purposes of Multifunctional pendant, is that will climb rattan lanyard to be connected to cross respectively
In beam, the string bag of suspension different location height, position the lower end for climbing rattan lanyard.
The present invention stand and climb ground composite cultivation method collocation composite cultivation frame, carry out melon seedling dense planting, can fully profit
With soil space, photosynthetic utilization rate is improved, makes per mu yield commodity melon up to 5000 kg or more, and under the cultural method, stand and climbs ground
The complicated and confused watermelon maturity period it is different, to increase the listing phase of watermelon；In addition the branches and tendrils that ground is climbed in the cultural method are covered in
On mulch, keep the light under mulch very weak, on the one hand inhibit the growth of weeds, on the other hand reduces the temperature of summer soil
Degree, to be conducive to the smooth more summer of facility small watermelon.
After watermelon transplantation of seedlings, the special liquid medicine of pouring includes humic acid, a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer, chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum
The ingredients such as ester, carbendazim, avermectin and fenaminosulf, mixed rear disposable application, can meet watermelon seat substantially in specific proportions
Water demand before fruit；The nutritional ingredient that the liquid medicine contains can promote watermelon seedlings Rapid Rooting and growth, the medicine contained simultaneously
Agent ingredient can effectively kill pest and pathogen in soil again, to promote the early growth of watermelon seedlings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the composite cultivation frame of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the rattan that climbs of the present invention is linked with the distribution schematic diagram on cross-member；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram for climbing rattan lanyard of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of more work(pendants of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the first occupation mode schematic diagram of the Multifunctional pendant of the present invention, i.e., will climb rattan lanyard by Multifunctional pendant
It surround and is socketed on cross-member；
Fig. 6 is the side view of the first occupation mode of the Multifunctional pendant of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is second of occupation mode schematic diagram of the Multifunctional pendant of the present invention, i.e. Multifunctional pendant is articulated in appropriate height
A certain hanging structure or multiple hanging structures；
Fig. 8 is the third occupation mode schematic diagram of the Multifunctional pendant of the present invention, i.e., Multifunctional pendant, which is connected to, climbs rattan lanyard
Bottom, surface soil is inserted at the tip of Multifunctional pendant.
Figure label is：1, arch ring；2, column；3, cross bar；4, cross-member；5, rattan lanyard is climbed；6, it perforates；7, mounting knot
Structure；8, Multifunctional pendant；9, coupler body；10, supporting rod.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of small watermelon stand and ground composite cultivation method is climbed, included the following steps；
（1）Plot selects：Soil property is fertile, loose loam or sandy loam, and soil pH is between 6-8；Melon with fallow land, famine
Preferably, the plot crop rotation phase for planting melon answers 5 years or more, and preceding crop is advisable with beans or cereal crops on ground.
（2）Variety selection：Select small watermelon kind, it is desirable that the ripe phase is early, growing way is steady, angular divergence is small, is suitable for dense planting
Stand and climb ground composite cultivation；Bearing fruit property of selection is good, fruit commodity rate is high, yielding ability is good, single melon weight 2-3 kg, low temperature resistant weak
Light, the improved seeds of comprehensive resistance prominent characteristic, such as gold sweet No. 2, Jinyu Linglong.
（3）Nursery：Winter-spring season graft seedling growth selects the nutritive cube of a diameter of 6.5-9.0 cm, a height of 6.5-9.0 cm,
Nutritive cube is packed into watermelon seedling culturing Nutrition Soil, it is desirable that alms bowl face is smooth, and height is consistent, and bottom is leveled up；It is river in Zhejiang Province anvil to select grafting, stock
No. 5, scion is gold honey 2, early spring carbuncle etc., is grafted using the method for plant propagation with cutting, wholeheartedly, scion seedling cotyledon is basic for one leaf of rootstock seedling
When flattening；It sows first 1 week 100 times of liquid of formalin with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid or 40% and sprays Nutrition Soils
It carries out disinfection；Watermelon seedling culturing Nutrition Soil is that 1000 kg lands add 200 kg of decomposed manure, adds 1.0 kg of formula compound fertilizer,
Wherein N: P2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15, the ppm of trace element in calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, canopy etc. >=500.
（4）Site preparation does furrow：Select topography higher, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field that soil property is fertile, loose；After preceding crop harvest,
Deep ploughing soil and the thin leveling of rake immediately, coordinate and apply 25 kg of 25-40 kg of quick lime or lime nitrogen, Chicken dung 1000 per acre
kg；Field planting the last week applies 100 kg of rape cake, 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre（N:P2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15）, potash fertilizer 10
Kg, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 300 g of boron fertilizer rake the soil level 1 time again after applying fertilizer, make wide 2.5 m, East and West direction furrow, per 2 furrow of canopy, furrow
30 cm of furrow width；When field planting, by the spacing in the rows trepanning of 45-55 cm, 450-550 plants are planted per acre.
（5）Field planting：It first uses watermelon card punch in furrow face center, by the spacing in the rows trepanning of 45-55 cm, then seedling band soil is planted
Enter in hole, poured with special liquid medicine, white mulch is covered, with the tight root of grave；
The special liquid medicine of the pouring includes humic acid, a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, AVM hereinafter
Rhzomorph and fenaminosulf ingredient, amount of application is 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer per acre
1800-2000 g, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 80% carbendazim, 1000 g, 1.8% avermectin, 100 g, 70% fenaminosulf, 200 g,
Using when first the above ingredient is added in 50 L water, liquid medicine mother liquor is made, is then diluted pouring in 20 times of ratios, every plant
2-2.5 L of liquid medicine after dilution is applied, watermelon no longer waters before bearing fruit；
（6）It builds composite cultivation frame and guides tendril restocking；
The composite cultivation frame, basic framework are multiple arch supports side by side, and the hair of moso bamboo material can be used in arch support
Bamboo cane or tube material, dismounting, recycling and reuse of the moso bamboo item convenient for frame；And the canopy stability of tube material is good.
Each arch support is connected and composed by the arch ring 1 on top and the column 2 at both ends, and transverse direction is connected between column 2
Steel wire fastening, bolt and nut fastening or other fastening structures specifically can be used in cross bar 3, above-mentioned connection.
On multiple arch supports side by side simultaneously connecting cross beam part 4, specifically, cross-member 4 passes through steel wire or bolt spiral shell
Mother etc. is fastenedly connected the quantity in the furrow in arch ring, the quantity and canopy of cross-member 4 and matches, and the quantity of cross-member 4 is not less than two
Root, general 2 to 6, more cross-members 4 are evenly spaced on along arc arch ring；In order to improve cross-member 4 and entire frame
Stability, connect more vertical supporting rods 10 in the downward vertical of cross-member, supporting rod 10 is alternatively arranged and spacing is larger,
Soil is inserted into the lower end of supporting rod 10.
Connected on each cross-member 4 more it is vertical it is sagging climb rattans lanyard 5, specifically, climbing rattan lanyard 5 in strip and flat
It is band-like, climbing on rattan lanyard 5 has the perforation 6 of a hollow out more than ten, each perforation 6 for long lumbar hole, horizontally toward；It is right above and below each two
Neat perforation 6 constitutes a hanging structure 7, and two perforation 6 of one hanging structure 7 of composition are close to each other and keep centainly
Spacing；Multiple hanging structures 7 are arranged from one end uniform intervals to the other end along rattan lanyard 5 is climbed.
It is all connected with Multifunctional hanging in certain the several hanging structure 7 climbed between the upper end, lower end and upper and lower side of rattan lanyard 5
Part 8；Specifically, the stabilizer blade that each Multifunctional pendant 8 is diverged by two connects and composes the V-type of handstand, and the lower end of two stabilizer blades
Portion is arc-shaped from bottom to top to extend to form coupler body 9.
In the upper end for climbing rattan lanyard 5, a Multifunctional hanging is connected between first hanging structure and second hanging structure
Part 8；At this point, the angle position of the upper end of Multifunctional pendant 8 is mounted on first hanging structure, meanwhile, which connects
It surround cross-member 4 from top to bottom with the upper end for climbing rattan lanyard 5, then, two coupler bodies 9 of the Multifunctional pendant 8 are mounted on the
Two hanging structures finally climb the top ring of rattan lanyard 5 around being articulated on cross-member 4.
A Multifunctional pendant 8 is connected on the hanging structure 7 of lower end for climbing rattan lanyard 5, at this point, the Multifunctional pendant 8
Two coupler bodies 9 be mounted on the hanging structure 7, and the tip of Multifunctional pendant 8 is inserted into downwards in soil, will climb rattan lanyard
5 stretch.
It is connected on the hanging structure 7 of appropriate height multi-functional according to actual needs in the central region for climbing rattan lanyard 5
Pendant 8；At this point, a stabilizer blade of Multifunctional pendant 8 is inserted through two perforation from top to bottom, and the coupler body of Multifunctional pendant 8 is used
In the plastics string bag of the suspension as hypocarp；Each Multifunctional pendant 8 can individually hang a plastics string bag, can also hang simultaneously more
A plastics string bag.
Every plant of melon seedling can allow one or two and climb rattan lanyard 5, watermelon training using two climing restockings, one it is climing climb ground mode,
It grows extra lateral bine early period all to remove, a small amount of lateral bine is stayed after tying melon, when melon is grown to 0.9-1.2kg, start Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, young melon
It is placed in the dedicated plastics string bag, the plastics string bag is uniformly hung on the Multifunctional pendant on climbing rattan lanyard 5, and keep substantially
In sustained height.
（7）Pollination fruit retention：Artificial supplementary pollination is carried out at the florescence, that is, the male flower opened and female flower are selected, morning
1 male flower is plucked when 7-10, its pollen is put on female chapiter, and 1 male flower can award 2-3 female flower；Or full-bloom stage per acre
Honeybee 1-2 casees are put on ground, and supple-mentary pollination is carried out using honeybee；Watermelon bear fruit after 3-4 days, success of bearing fruit is checked whether, to not bearing fruit
, continue pollination when next female flower is bloomed and bears fruit.
（8）Long term cultivation：Under the conditions of facility plastic greenhouse, using the strong habit of watermelon indeterminate growth and branchiness, in west
Melon maturation harvesting after, by reinforce fertilizer and water management, wipe out aging branches and tendrils, make plant it is indefinite it is climing bear fruit again, make the small west of facility
Melon growth period crosses over three seasons of spring and summer autumn, realizes a kind of more receipts, continuous to harvest 4-5 batches of melons.
Specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention described in text.The technical field of the invention
Technical staff can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitute by a similar method,
However, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of small watermelon stand and climb ground composite cultivation method, include the following steps；
（1）Plot selects：Soil property is fertile, loose loam or sandy loam, and soil pH is between 6-8；
（2）Variety selection：Select small watermelon kind, it is desirable that the ripe phase is early, growing way is steady, angular divergence is small, is suitable for dense planting stand
With climbing composite cultivation；
（3）Nursery：Winter-spring season graft seedling growth selects the nutritive cube of a diameter of 6.5-9.0cm, a height of 6.5-9.0cm, nutritive cube
It is packed into watermelon seedling culturing Nutrition Soil, it is desirable that alms bowl face is smooth, and height is consistent, and bottom is leveled up；First 1 week is sowed with 50% carbendazim wettable
800 times of liquid of pulvis or 40% formalin 100 times of liquid sprinkling Nutrition Soils carry out disinfection；
（4）Site preparation does furrow：Select topography higher, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field that soil property is fertile, loose；After preceding crop harvest, immediately
Thin leveling is simultaneously harrowed in deep ploughing soil, and quick lime, Chicken dung are applied in cooperation per acre, and 25-30cm of ploughed depth is advisable；It is colonized the last week
Rape cake, ternary compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, boron fertilizer are applied per acre, are raked the soil level again 1 time after applying fertilizer, are done furrow；
（5）Field planting：It first uses watermelon card punch in furrow face center, by the spacing in the rows trepanning of 45-55cm, then seedling band soil is planted into hole
It is interior, it is poured with special liquid medicine, white mulch is covered, with the tight root of grave；
The special liquid medicine of the pouring includes humic acid, a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, AVM hereinafter
Rhzomorph and fenaminosulf ingredient, amount of application is 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer, composite fertilizer per acre
1800-2000 g, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 80% carbendazim, 1000 g, 1.8% avermectin, 100 g, 70% fenaminosulf, 200 g,
Using when first the above ingredient is added in 50 L water, liquid medicine mother liquor is made, is then diluted pouring in 20 times of ratios, every plant
2-2.5 L of liquid medicine after dilution is poured, watermelon no longer waters before bearing fruit；
（6）It builds composite cultivation frame and guides tendril restocking：The composite cultivation frame, including several arch branch side by side
Frame, each arch support includes the arch ring on top, connects cross bar between the column of end that is connected to arch ring, column, side by side
Lateral cross-member is connected between arch ring, connected on cross-member it is several climb rattan lanyard；
The rattan lanyard of climbing climbs the perforation that several hollow outs are provided on rattan lanyard, perforation is arranged in strip and flat band-like
The perforation of horizontal long lumbar hole, each two consistency from top to bottom constitutes a hanging structure, constitutes two perforation of a hanging structure
Spacing is formed between close to each other and two perforation, several hanging structures are arranged from one end uniform intervals that rattan is linked with are climbed to another
End；
Multifunctional pendant is connected on the hanging structure, the stabilizer blade that Multifunctional pendant is diverged by two connects and composes the V-type of handstand,
And the lower end of two stabilizer blades extends to form coupler body from bottom to top, one of stabilizer blade is inserted through two perforation from top to bottom, more
The coupler body of function pendant is used to hang the mesh bag as hypocarp；
A Multifunctional pendant is connected on first hanging structure of the close upper end for climbing rattan lanyard, the Multifunctional pendant
The angle position of upper end is mounted on first hanging structure, meanwhile, the Multifunctional pendant is together with climbing the upper end of rattan lanyard from upper past
Under surround cross-member, also, two coupler bodies of the Multifunctional pendant are mounted on second hanging structure, second hanging structure
Positioned at the lower section of first hanging structure, then the top ring of rattan lanyard is climbed around being articulated on cross-member；
A Multifunctional pendant, two hooks of the Multifunctional pendant are connected on the hanging structure of the close lower end for climbing rattan lanyard
Body is mounted on the hanging structure, and soil is inserted at the tip of Multifunctional pendant straight down；
Every plant of melon seedling, which is arranged in pairs or groups at least one, climbs rattan lanyard, watermelon training using two climing restockings, one it is climing climb ground mode, growth is more early period
Remaining lateral bine all removes, and a small amount of lateral bine is stayed after tying melon, when melon is grown to 0.9-1.2kg, starts Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, children's melon is placed on dedicated
In the plastics string bag, the plastics string bag is uniformly hung on the Multifunctional pendant on climbing rattan lanyard, and substantially remain in sustained height；
（7）Pollination fruit retention：Artificial supplementary pollination is carried out at the florescence, that is, the male flower opened and female flower are selected, in 7-10 in morning
When pluck 1 male flower, its pollen is put on female chapiter, 1 male flower can award 2-3 female flower；Or it is put per acre in full-bloom stage
Honeybee 1-2 casees carry out supple-mentary pollination using honeybee；
（8）Long term cultivation：Under the conditions of facility plastic greenhouse, by reinforce rich water, branches and tendrils manage, make facility mini watermelon growth period across
It is more three seasons of spring and summer autumn, continuous to harvest 4-5 batches of melons.
2. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the step
（1）, melon preferably fallow land, wasteland, the plot crop rotation phase for planting melon answers 5 years or more, and preceding crop is made with beans or grain
Object is advisable.
3. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the step
（2）Bearing fruit property of selection is good, fruit commodity rate is high, yielding ability is good, single melon weight 2-3kg, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, comprehensive resistance prominent characteristic
Improved seeds.
4. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the step
（3）, select grafting, grafted using the method for plant propagation with cutting, one leaf of rootstock seedling wholeheartedly, when scion seedling cotyledon flattens substantially.
5. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the watermelon is educated
Seedling Nutrition Soil is that 1000kg lands add decomposed manure 200kg, adds formula compound fertilizer 1.0kg, wherein N: P2O5∶K2O=15:
15: 15, the ppm of trace element in calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, canopy etc. >=500.
6. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the step
（4）, 25-40kg of quick lime or lime nitrogen 25kg, Chicken dung 1000kg are applied per acre；Field planting the last week applies rape cake per acre
100kg, ternary compound fertilizer 15kg, ternary compound fertilizer 15kg（N:P2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15）, potash fertilizer 10kg, phosphate fertilizer 20kg, boron
Fertile 300g rakes the soil level 1 time again after applying fertilizer, makes wide 2.5m, East and West direction furrow, per 2 furrow of canopy, the wide 30cm of furrow ditch；When field planting, press
The spacing in the rows trepanning of 45-55cm plants 450-550 plants per acre.
7. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the step
（7）, watermelon bear fruit after 3-4 days, check whether success of bearing fruit, to what is do not beared fruit, continue to award when next female flower is bloomed
Powder is beared fruit.
8. small watermelon stand according to claim 1 and climb ground composite cultivation method, which is characterized in that the step
（8）, using the strong habit of watermelon indeterminate growth and branchiness, after the harvesting of watermelon maturation, by reinforcing fertilizer and water management, wiping out and decline
Old branches and tendrils, make plant it is indefinite it is climing bear fruit again, realize it is a kind of receive, harvest 4-5 batches.
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| CN109548587A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-02 | 青岛创世种子技术有限公司 | A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon |
| CN109937759A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-28 | 天津市澍丰农业科技有限公司 | The agricultural planting frame and installation method of recycling |
| CN110366994A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-25 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of outdoor arc built method of pumpkin |
| CN113207667A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-06 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for annually producing fruit type Mare pickled melons |
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| CN108782059B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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