CN109548587A - A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN109548587A CN109548587A CN201811470156.0A CN201811470156A CN109548587A CN 109548587 A CN109548587 A CN 109548587A CN 201811470156 A CN201811470156 A CN 201811470156A CN 109548587 A CN109548587 A CN 109548587A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to planting technology fields, it is related to the greenhouse cultivation method that a kind of the Northwest meets year-round supply small watermelon, selection prematureness is good, resistance is strong, is easy the small watermelon kind beared fruit plantation, field management is carried out in a manner of high ridge cultivation, rational close planting, single climing training, water-saving irrigation, water-fertilizer integral, honeybee pollination indirect labor pollination, control the temperature and humidity in greenhouse, five batches of productions in 1 year.The present invention realizes plant healthy growth by reasonable variety selection, field management, and pollination is concentrated, bear fruit it is fast, expand fast, mature fast, harvesting is concentrated, and quality is excellent, and the high target of commodity output finally meets the year-round supply of high-quality small watermelon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technology field, it is related to the greenhouse production that a kind of the Northwest meets year-round supply small watermelon
Method.
Background technique
Small watermelon is a kind of watermelon new type cultivated in recent years, the category small fruit type of single fruit weight 3kg or so, single fruit weight 1-
The category of 2kg is pocket, i.e. gift mini watermelon, mini watermelon.It is suitable for that diversification is planted because its fruit type is small, quality is excellent, growth period is short
Training, planting benefit are high.
In northern such as Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongol Midwest area, by cultivation technique innovation lag, kind fertility
Phase relatively long limitation, can at most produce three batches in small watermelon greenhouse production 1 year, under normal circumstances generally with spring and autumn two
Based on stubble.Such production model needs melon grower to grasp graft seedling growth technology, at the same also to select resistance is strong, be easy to bear fruit,
The good small watermelon kind of prematureness.
More batches of production models of current small watermelon are primarily present following problems:
(1) bottom of trench field planting, broad irrigation cultivation management mode, cause field humidity is big, ground temperature is low, root system development is slow,
The problems such as root system is undeveloped, disease is serious, plant is difficult to control, especially blight dis-ease, powdery mildew, anthracnose occur seriously；
(2) plantation density is excessive, and ventilation and penetrating light is poor in canopy, causes plant diseases serious, affects and bears fruit and fruit development；
(3) training type lacks scientific, and the effective photosynthetic area of plant is reduced, and causes fruit expanding period nutrient growth insufficient
To meet fruit growth needs；
(4) fertilizer and water management falls behind, and warm indoor air humidity is excessive, and plant root growth is inactive, and especially capillary root is sent out
It is raw few, cause plant growing way weak, the later period is easy to appear early ageing；
(5) inside holding details in greenhouse is not in place, leads to that greenhouse leading edge temperature is low, humidity is big, and the fine day morning and evening temperature difference increases, disease
Evil is serious；
Problem above eventually leads to that watermelon size is uneven, commodity output is unstable, Time To Market is uncertain, mouthfeel is different
It causes, grower's income not can guarantee.Therefore at present northern area with two batches of annual production spring and autumn be main production model, it is high-quality small
The year-round supply of type watermelon becomes always the shortcoming in fruit market.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to more batches of current production models it is not perfect result in watermelon size it is uneven,
Commodity output is unstable, Time To Market is uncertain, mouthfeel is inconsistent, and grower's income not can guarantee, and cannot achieve watermelon
Year-round supply is to meet consumer demand.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the greenhouse cultivations that a kind of the Northwest meets year-round supply small watermelon
Culture method realizes plant healthy growth by reasonable variety selection, field management, and pollination is concentrated, bear fruit it is fast, expand it is fast, at
Ripe fast, harvesting is concentrated, and quality is excellent, and the high target of commodity output finally meets the year-round supply of high-quality small watermelon.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: it is small-sized that a kind of the Northwest meets year-round supply
The greenhouse cultivation method of watermelon is selected prematureness is good, resistance is strong, is easy the small watermelon kind beared fruit to plant, is planted with high ridge
The mode that training, rational close planting, single climing training, water-saving irrigation, water-fertilizer integral, honeybee pollination indirect labor pollinate carries out field pipe
Reason controls the temperature and humidity in greenhouse, five batches of productions in 1 year.
Further, the variety of watermelon of selection has characteristics that (1) belongs to small-sized Watermelon kind；(2) plant growing way
It is medium partially strong, resistance to blight dis-ease, powdery mildew, anthracnose；(3) first female flower sections are saved in 5-7, and the second female flower section is on a 13 sections left side
The right side, female flower section neat and consistent, it is easy to bear fruit；(4) prematureness is good, generally pollinates from female flower to fruit harvesting about 27 to 30
It；(5) fruit type is that high circle arrives short ellipse shape, the clear stria of the emerald green band of color of the leather, single fruit weight 1.5-2.0kg, fruit shape and in the same size
Property is good；(6) pulp is scarlet, and quality is fine and smooth, and crispy is sweet, pol (soluble solid content) 12.5-14.5%.It is preferred that
For new varieties " holy virgin ".
Further, high ridge cultivation mode is that every 1.5m plays a high ridge, the high 20-25cm in ridge, furrow bottom width 50cm, ridge bottom
Wide 100cm, ridge face width 70cm.Every ridge is colonized two rows, and line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 45cm, two row plant are staggered to be arranged in isosceles triangle.
Further, high ridge cultivation mode is that every 1.2m plays a high ridge, the high 20-25cm in ridge, furrow bottom width 40cm, ridge bottom
Wide 80cm, ridge face width 50cm.Every ridge is colonized two rows, and line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, two row plant are staggered to be arranged in isosceles triangle.
Traditional cultivation mode is out that the field planting ditch of 70cm wide, watermelon seedling are colonized in ditch two sides, and line-spacing about 50cm is colonized ditch
It also serves as and pours water channel, then overlay film.Water channel is poured since field planting ditch also serves as, watermelon root system is chronically under low temperature and high relative humidity situation, unfavorable
In root growth, root system is undeveloped, and especially capillary root occurs few, and plant is easy susceptible, and growing way is slow, has seriously affected the later period
Pollination is beared fruit and fruit development, later period plant are easy to appear early ageing phenomenon.The plantation density of conventional method is greater than 2450 plants per acre,
Middle and later periods field ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor, considerably increases the susceptible chance of plant, affects fruit development, and fruit size is uneven
It is even.Although this mode fruit number increases, fruit standard merchandise rate (Chinese olive quotient purchase vanning standard) only about 70%
Left and right.
After high ridge new method for cultivating, plant root growing environment is greatly improved, and the soil moisture improves, and humidity is suitable
Preferably, good permeability, plant root are flourishing, and capillary root is fresh, and the plant later period is not easy early ageing, hence it is evident that improve fruit commodity and
Quality.
Further, field plantation density is 1900-2200 plants per acre.
Field plantation density is improved to per acre after 1900-2200 plants or so, under this cultivation and production model, is led in greenhouse
Wind light transmission condition is greatly improved, and reduces disease, plant strain growth health, female flower opening is more neat, and fruit commodity rate is aobvious
It writes and improves, meet Chinese olive quotient and purchase the commodity rate of vanning standard greater than 90%.
Further, broad irrigation is replaced with trickle irrigation.Specific fertigation opportunity and method are as follows:
(1) it is sprinkled profoundly water when being colonized according to soil moisture content；
(2) gently water once according to soil moisture content before pollination or do not water that (general winter-spring season is not watered, and summer and autumn gently pours
Water is primary).
(3) fruit expanding period combination top dressing sprinkles profoundly water once, and fertilizer is based on potash fertilizer.
Further, before field planting, after pollination, fruit expanding period in three times foliage-spray Amici up to 1500 times of liquid.
Amici reaches, and adopted name is Fluoxastrobin.Extremely strong bactericidal activity, a medicine Zhiduo County can be all had to four class fungies simultaneously
Disease is the outstanding feature that Amici reaches, different from the existing fungicide mode of action, and activity is high, and germ, which reaches Amici, there is no anti-medicine
Property.
Amici reaches the immersion that germ is prevented before morbidity overall process has good bactericidal effect, disease to occur, germ
Intracorporal germ can be removed after immersion, and the morbidity later period can reduce the generation of new spore, and whole protective action is provided crop.
Amici reaches the inherent growing environment of adjustable crop, enhances growing way, enhances anti-adversity ability, and promoting crop, early hair is fast
It is long, it lists ahead of time, improves quality, postpone decaying for crop, extend fruiting period, improve single cropping income.It is free from environmental pollution, it is especially suitable
Production for green non-pollution product.
Further, the temperature/humidity control method in greenhouse is according to Changes in weather, and forward position increases together in greenhouse in time
Plastic, thermal-insulation film, plastic, thermal-insulation film top are fixed on the steel wire on greenhouse forward position top, naturally droop, with greenhouse forward position plastic foil
10-20 centimetres of spacing, lower part adaptation to local conditions fixes.
Autumn, winter, spring, according to Changes in weather, forward position installs temperature-raising film additional in greenhouse in time, prevents forward position area in greenhouse
Domain temperature is low, humidity is big, and the fine day morning and evening temperature difference increases, and disease is serious.Traditional temperature raising and maintaining method only have top cotton-wadded quilt (or
Straw screen or mat) without focusing on the heat preservation of greenhouse front, after after daytime, cotton-wadded quilt is rolled, front porch area temperature is obviously relatively low in greenhouse, humidity is big,
Greenhouse front plant strain growth is caused to be obstructed, front fruits/plant commodity is bad.Inside greenhouse different zones temperature and humidity is all
It will be different, the improvement of details can effectively reduce this difference, so that inside greenhouse front porch area temperature increases, humidity drop
It is low.It is wet can both to have reduced greenhouse front porch area according to the method described above in greenhouse after one of plastic, thermal-insulation film of forward position increase by the present invention
Degree, and can be reduced inside greenhouse heat loss, inside greenhouse especially front porch area temperature can also be improved.
A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) selection prematureness is good, resistance is strong, is easy the small watermelon kind beared fruit plantation；
(2) nursery is carried out using the method for grafting；
(3) site preparation and fertilization: ridging anterior canal applies fertilizer to the subsoil, every 2 crops for rotation ditch spreads, 1 microbial organic fertilizer, each crops for rotation ditch spread
Compound fertilizer 1 time；Timely overlay film after ridging；
(4) be colonized: three leaf of grafting wholeheartedly starts to be colonized, and selects a kind of high ridge cultivation mode to be planted according to greenhouse experiment
Training；
(5) plant manages after being colonized: single climing training, and fruit is stayed in the pollination of the second female flower；
(6) start within 27-30 days after self-pollination harvesting listing；
(7) after harvesting, timely clear garden starts site preparation, fertilising, ridging, overlay film and the field planting work of next crops for rotation immediately
Make.
Further, microbial organic fertilizer 400-500kg, compound fertilizer 40-80kg are applied per acre in step (3).
Further, step (5) be specially 1. plant stretch the climing phase and start to the first female flower operating period, armpit of erasing in time
Bud stays main stem to grow, and the first female flower is taken the lead after staying two panels leaf to the side shoot between the second female flower；2. assisting people using honeybee pollination
Work pollination, 4-6 days time, which can pollinate, to be terminated；If meeting long-term rainy weather, spirit of bearing fruit can be suitably sprayed, to increase percentage of fertile fruit；
3. timely hanging tendril after pollination, sits after fruit to table tennis size, occurring side shoot above fruit should be stayed after two panels leaf in time
It takes the lead；4. plant is long to taking the lead after 30 sections or so.
Traditional field management method is that the lateral bud of plant is all erased, and this approach reduces the effective photosynthetic of plant
Area can have a direct impact yield, especially fruit quality.The present invention takes the lead after staying two panels leaf using side shoot,
The effective light and area of plant are substantially increased, bears fruit for fruit, expand and lay the foundation, created for later period fruit dry-matter accumulation
Condition.
According to above-mentioned implantation methods, melon grower can take oneself nursery or Dai Yu according to self-condition random arrangement crops for rotation
Mode entrusts nursery, from field field planting to the average 60-70 days time is harvested, can produce five batches within 1 year.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, the method cultivated using new high ridge, plant root growing environment are greatly improved, and the soil moisture improves,
Humidity is suitable for that good permeability, plant root is flourishing, and capillary root is fresh, and the plant later period is not easy early ageing, hence it is evident that improves the quotient of fruit
Moral character and quality；
2, traditional watering mode water is big, and there is bright water in field, not only reduces the soil moisture, increases humidity, plant
It is easy to susceptible, and time-consuming, water wasting, takes a lot of work；It generally takes trickle irrigation sprinkling method to compare traditional sprinkling method and saves water about
50% or more, and do not generate substantially artificial；
3, traditional field management method is that the lateral bud of plant is all erased, and this approach reduces effective light of plant
Area is closed, yield, especially fruit quality can be had a direct impact；The present invention is beaten after staying two panels leaf using side shoot
Head substantially increases the effective light and area of plant, bears fruit for fruit, expands and lay the foundation, is later period fruit dry-matter accumulation
It creates condition；
4, autumn, winter, spring, according to Changes in weather, forward position installs temperature-raising film additional in greenhouse in time, prevents forward position in greenhouse
Regional temperature is low, humidity is big, and the fine day morning and evening temperature difference increases, and disease is serious.Traditional temperature raising and maintaining method only have top cotton-wadded quilt (or
Person's straw screen or mat) without focusing on the heat preservation of greenhouse front, after after daytime, cotton-wadded quilt is rolled, temperature obvious relatively low, humidity in front porch area in greenhouse
Greatly, greenhouse front plant strain growth is caused to be obstructed, front fruits/plant commodity is bad；The present invention is according to Changes in weather in time in temperature
Indoor forward position installs temperature-raising film additional, can not only reduce greenhouse front porch area humidity, but also can be reduced inside greenhouse heat loss, and can also mention
Especially front porch area temperature inside hot room, can prevent that front porch area temperature is low in greenhouse, humidity is big, the fine day morning and evening temperature difference
It increases, the serious problem of disease occurs.
5, the present invention can accomplish five batches of productions in 1 year, and traditional planting patterns gross annual output amount than three batches of annual production improves
40% or more, planting patterns gross annual output amount of four batches than annual production improves 20% or more.
6, in conclusion the Northwest of the invention meet the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon, it can be achieved that
Plant healthy growth, pollination are concentrated, bear fruit it is fast, expand fast, mature fast, harvesting is concentrated, and quality is excellent, the high target of commodity output,
Finally meet the year-round supply of high-quality small watermelon.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the high ridge cultivation mode schematic diagram of embodiment 1 (lateral main view is corresponding with longitudinal top view)；
Fig. 2 is the high ridge cultivation mode schematic diagram of embodiment 2 (lateral main view is corresponding with longitudinal top view)；
Wherein, 1 planting stock, 2 drip irrigation zones.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with implementation of the invention
Example, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the small watermelon kind selected is planted for new varieties " holy virgin ",
(2) nursery is carried out using the method for grafting；
(3) site preparation and fertilization: ridging anterior canal applies fertilizer to the subsoil, every 2 crops for rotation ditch spreads, 1 microbial organic fertilizer, each crops for rotation ditch spread
Compound fertilizer 1 time；Timely overlay film after ridging；
(4) be colonized: three leaf of grafting wholeheartedly starts to be colonized, and selects high ridge as shown in Figure 1 to cultivate mould according to greenhouse experiment
Formula is cultivated: field plantation density is 1900-2200 plants per acre；Every 1.5m plays a high ridge, the high 20-25cm in ridge, furrow bottom
Wide 50cm, ridge bottom width 100cm, ridge face width 70cm.Every ridge is colonized two rows, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 45cm, and two row plant are staggered in product
Font arrangement；
(5) plant manages after being colonized: single climing training, and fruit is stayed in the pollination of the second female flower；
(6) start within 27-30 days after self-pollination harvesting listing；
(7) after harvesting, timely clear garden starts site preparation, fertilising, ridging, overlay film and the field planting work of next crops for rotation immediately
Make.
Wherein, microbial organic fertilizer 400-500kg, compound fertilizer 40-80kg are applied per acre in step (3).
Wherein, step (5) be specially 1. plant stretch the climing phase and start to the first female flower operating period, axillary bud of erasing in time stays
Main stem growth, the first female flower are taken the lead after staying two panels leaf to the side shoot between the second female flower；2. being awarded using honeybee pollination indirect labor
Powder, 4-6 days time, which can pollinate, to be terminated；If meeting long-term rainy weather, spirit of bearing fruit can be suitably sprayed, to increase percentage of fertile fruit；3. awarding
Timely hanging tendril after powder, sits after fruit to table tennis size, takes the lead in time after occurring side shoot above fruit and should staying two panels leaf；
4. plant is long to taking the lead after 30 sections or so.
Wherein, fertigation opportunity and method are as follows:
(1) it is sprinkled profoundly water at the two sides laying drip irrigation zone 2 in 1 region of planting stock, field planting according to soil moisture content；
(2) gently water once according to soil moisture content before pollination or do not water that (general winter-spring season is not watered, and summer and autumn gently pours
Water is primary).
(3) fruit expanding period combination top dressing sprinkles profoundly water once, and fertilizer is based on potash fertilizer.
Before field planting, after pollination, fruit expanding period reaches foliage-spray Amici in three times.It is all 1500 times of liquid using concentration.
The temperature/humidity control method in greenhouse is according to Changes in weather, and forward position increases by one of plastic, thermal-insulation in greenhouse in time
Film, plastic, thermal-insulation film top are fixed on the steel wire on greenhouse forward position top, naturally droop, and arrive with greenhouse forward position plastic foil spacing 10
20 centimetres, lower part adaptation to local conditions fixes.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the small watermelon kind selected is planted for new varieties " holy virgin ",
(2) nursery is carried out using the method for grafting；
(3) site preparation and fertilization: ridging anterior canal applies fertilizer to the subsoil, every 2 crops for rotation ditch spreads, 1 microbial organic fertilizer, each crops for rotation ditch spread
Compound fertilizer 1 time；Timely overlay film after ridging；
(4) be colonized: three leaf of grafting wholeheartedly starts to be colonized, and as shown in Figure 2 plant according to greenhouse experiment selection is following
Training: field plantation density is 1900-2200 plants per acre；Every 1.2m plays a high ridge, the high 20-25cm in ridge, furrow bottom width 40cm, ridge
Bottom width 80cm, ridge face width 50cm.Every ridge is colonized two rows, and line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, two row plant are staggered arranges in isosceles triangle
Column；
(5) plant manages after being colonized: single climing training, and fruit is stayed in the pollination of the second female flower；
(6) start within 27-30 days after self-pollination harvesting listing；
(7) after harvesting, timely clear garden starts site preparation, fertilising, ridging, overlay film and the field planting work of next crops for rotation immediately
Make.
Wherein, microbial organic fertilizer 400-500kg, compound fertilizer 40-80kg are applied per acre in step (3).
Wherein, step (5) be specially 1. plant stretch the climing phase and start to the first female flower operating period, axillary bud of erasing in time stays
Main stem growth, the first female flower are taken the lead after staying two panels leaf to the side shoot between the second female flower；2. being awarded using honeybee pollination indirect labor
Powder, 4-6 days time, which can pollinate, to be terminated；If meeting long-term rainy weather, spirit of bearing fruit can be suitably sprayed, to increase percentage of fertile fruit；3. awarding
Timely hanging tendril after powder, sits after fruit to table tennis size, takes the lead in time after occurring side shoot above fruit and should staying two panels leaf；
4. plant is long to taking the lead after 30 sections or so.
Wherein, fertigation opportunity and method are as follows:
(1) it is sprinkled profoundly water at the two sides laying drip irrigation zone 2 in 1 region of planting stock, field planting according to soil moisture content；
(2) gently water once according to soil moisture content before pollination or do not water that (general winter-spring season is not watered, and summer and autumn gently pours
Water is primary).
(3) fruit expanding period combination top dressing sprinkles profoundly water once, and fertilizer is based on potash fertilizer.
Before field planting, after pollination, fruit expanding period reaches foliage-spray Amici in three times.It is all 1500 times of liquid using concentration.
The temperature/humidity control method in greenhouse is according to Changes in weather, and forward position increases by one of plastic, thermal-insulation in greenhouse in time
Film, plastic, thermal-insulation film top are fixed on the steel wire on greenhouse forward position top, naturally droop, and arrive with greenhouse forward position plastic foil spacing 10
20 centimetres, lower part adaptation to local conditions fixes.
Melon grower can be according to self-condition according to any random arrangement crops for rotation of above-mentioned two embodiment.Take oneself nursery or generation
The mode of educating entrusts nursery, from field field planting to the average 60-70 days time is harvested, can produce five batches within 1 year.
By taking Gansu Wuwei as an example:
Field planting on May 1, harvested listing before July 5；
Field planting on July 10, harvests listing before September 15th；
It is colonized within September 20 days, listing was harvested before November 25；
Field planting on November 30, harvests listing before 10 days 2 months；
It is colonized within 20 days 2 months, listing was harvested before April 30.
Conservative estimation, traditional planting patterns gross annual output amount of this implantation methods than three batches of annual production improve 40% with
On, traditional planting patterns gross annual output amount than four batches of annual production improves 20% or more.
Claims (10)
1. the greenhouse cultivation method that a kind of the Northwest meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that: selection prematureness it is good,
Resistance is strong, is easy the small watermelon kind beared fruit plantation, with high ridge cultivation, rational close planting, single climing training, water-saving irrigation, water
The mode that fertile integration, honeybee pollination indirect labor pollinate carries out field management, controls the temperature and humidity in greenhouse, five batches of lifes in 1 year
It produces.
2. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that
The variety of watermelon of selection has characteristics that (1) belongs to small-sized Watermelon kind；(2) plant growing way is medium partially strong, resistance to climing withered
Disease, powdery mildew, anthracnose；(3) first female flower sections are saved in 5-7, and the second female flower section is in 13 sections or so, female flower section neat one
It causes, it is easy to bear fruit；(4) prematureness is good, generally pollinates from female flower by fruit harvesting about 27 to 30 days；(5) fruit type is that high circle arrives
Short ellipse shape, the clear stria of the emerald green band of color of the leather, single fruit weight 1.5-2.0kg, fruit shape and size identical property are good；(6) pulp is scarlet, matter
Ground is fine and smooth, and crispy is sweet, and pol is 12.5-14.5% in terms of soluble solid content.
3. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that:
High ridge cultivation mode is that every 1.5m plays a high ridges, the high 20-25cm in ridge, furrow bottom width 50cm, ridge bottom width 100cm, ridge face width
70cm.Every ridge is colonized two rows, and line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 45cm, two row plant are staggered to be arranged in isosceles triangle.
4. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that:
High ridge cultivation mode is that every 1.2m plays a high ridges, the high 20-25cm in ridge, furrow bottom width 40cm, ridge bottom width 80cm, ridge face width
50cm.Every ridge is colonized two rows, and line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, two row plant are staggered to be arranged in isosceles triangle.
5. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that:
Field plantation density is 1900-2200 plants per acre.
6. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that:
Broad irrigation is replaced with trickle irrigation；Specific fertigation opportunity and method are as follows:
(1) it is sprinkled profoundly water when being colonized according to soil moisture content；
(2) it gently waters primary according to soil moisture content before pollination or does not water；
(3) fruit expanding period combination top dressing sprinkles profoundly water once, and fertilizer is based on potash fertilizer.
7. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that:
The temperature/humidity control method in greenhouse is according to Changes in weather, and forward position increases by one of plastic, thermal-insulation film in greenhouse in time, and plastics are protected
Warm film top is fixed on the steel wire on greenhouse forward position top, is naturally drooped, with greenhouse forward position plastic foil spacing 10-20cm, lower part
Adaptation to local conditions fixes.
8. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as described in claim 1 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that
The following steps are included:
(1) selection prematureness is good, resistance is strong, is easy the small watermelon kind beared fruit plantation,
(2) nursery is carried out using the method for grafting；
(3) site preparation and fertilization: ridging anterior canal applies fertilizer to the subsoil, every 2 crops for rotation ditch spreads, 1 microbial organic fertilizer, and each crops for rotation ditch spread is compound
Fertilizer 1 time；Timely overlay film after ridging；
(4) be colonized: three leaf of grafting wholeheartedly starts to be colonized, and selects a kind of high ridge cultivation mode to be cultivated according to greenhouse experiment；
(5) plant manages after being colonized: single climing training, and fruit is stayed in the pollination of the second female flower；
(6) start within 27-30 days after self-pollination harvesting listing；
(7) after harvesting, timely clear garden, the site preparation of next crops for rotation, fertilising, ridging, overlay film and field planting work immediately.
9. the greenhouse cultivation method that the Northwest as claimed in claim 8 meets year-round supply small watermelon, it is characterised in that:
Microbial organic fertilizer 400-500kg, compound fertilizer 40-80kg are applied in step (3) per acre.
10. the Northwest as claimed in claim 8 meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon, feature exists
In: step (5) be specially 1. plant stretch the climing phase and start to the first female flower operating period, axillary bud of erasing in time stays main stem to grow, the
One female flower is taken the lead after staying two panels leaf to the side shoot between the second female flower；2. it is pollinated using honeybee pollination indirect labor, 4-6 days time
Can pollinate terminates；If meeting long-term rainy weather, spirit of bearing fruit can be suitably sprayed, to increase percentage of fertile fruit；3. timely hanging tendril after pollination,
It sits after fruit to table tennis size, takes the lead in time after occurring side shoot above fruit and should staying two panels leaf；4. plant is long to 30
Section is taken the lead behind left and right.
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