CN1965622A - Novel watermelon cultivation process in early spring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting water melon in early spring, wherein it comprises that grow seeding, planting, trimming, pollination and disinfection, wherein the grow-seeding process is at later January and early February; it ferities after plating the seed, and ferities grow fertilizer, then plants expand fertilizer.

Description

Novel watermelon cultivation process in early spring

Early spring, watermelon protection ground cultivation generally adopted hotbed (heated kang) to grow seedlings in late January to early Febuary.

Prepare in the seedbed; Grow seedlings and to select the field soil of not planting melon for use with nutrition soil, the fertilizer of preparation nutrition soil usefulness with the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed for well, be made in field, non-melon ground soil, horsehit, 4: 3: 3 ratio of barnyard manure, and, be paved into the 9-11 cm thick, wide 110 centimetres seedbed with sieving behind the 800 times of liquid disinfectants in methyl cloth Tianjin, seedbed length is decided by demand, 1 cubic metre of nutrition soil adds 0.1kg composite fertilizer, and the seedbed will be watered permeable, can sow when waiting seedling bed temperature to reach 20 ℃.Educating strong sprout is the important foundation of protection ground watermelon high yield, so seedbed management is particularly important.

25～30 ℃ of watermelon germination preference temperatures.Will keep about 30 ℃ daytime before being unearthed, and will keep night more than 15 ℃, after come up (80% emerges), keeps best about 25 ℃ daytime, and temperature is too high, and the easy excessive growth of seedling forms high pin seedling, will pay special attention to this moment to ventilate.Along with temperature rises gradually, ventilating opening should progressively be opened big or increase ventilating opening, and is neat in order to make growth of seedling, often change ventilating opening at the seedbed diverse location.Fine day is generally opened ventilating opening later at 9 in the morning, closes later at 4 in afternoon.The overcast and rainy temperature height of looking takes the circumstances into consideration to ventilate.In field planting the last week, take film off and carry out hardening.Pour water and want suitably in the seedbed, too much unsuitable, thus the time temperature on the low side, root is rotted in the excessive easy generation of soil moisture.

Can the quality of illumination in the seedbed be the essential condition that cultivate strong sprout.Between nursery stage, being unearthed from seedling begins to make the seedbed that sufficient illumination is arranged, and is vital.Will there be sufficient illumination in the seedbed, mainly is by obducent opening above the film realized.When considering to strengthen illumination, also need to combine with temperature treatment.

Watered and make moisture in the soil because of sowing preceding seedbed, seedling reveals the heart and does not water as last.Will select sunny calm weather to carry out in the morning when watering, preferably water the warm water about 30 ℃, plastic foil is excessive with watering with covering, can not once opening, in order to avoid " dodging seedling ".In time build after watering, make temperature recovery.The principle of watering is: water foot few time, water is inexcessive.

After emerging, should in time keep the skin wet according to bed soil humidity situation.Generally should make soil moisture remain on about 80% of maxmun field capacity.

When humidity was big in the bed, controlled was watered, and under the situation that does not reduce bed temperature, suitably ventilates, and to reduce humidity in the bed, can also spread fertilizer over the fields the ash suction at bed surface, increased bed temperature, and carried out shallow intertillage, to distribute soil moisture.

Stop water spray before the field planting 5-7 day, restrain the growth of seedlings.During to melon seedling the 3rd to the 4th true leaf exhibition, can be colonizated in big Tanaka.

But period is worked as seedling length to the just field planting of 2～4 true leaves in field planting.Field planting in early spring watermelon seedling the most important thing is to consider the gentle frost in ground.The general temperature of outdoor cropping in early spring and plastic film mulching cultivation is stabilized in 15 degree just can field planting when above.The seedling development of weather condition during field planting after to field planting has a significant impact, as cloudy weather for several days running sky or cold current weather, would rather late field planting several days also than overcast and rainy, the Zao field planting in cold current sky is much better.Medium and small shed culture underglass, or mulch film adds the setting date of the two culture underglasses of little shed, general comparable open country field planting about 20 days ahead of time.

Plant 600～800 strains with the plantation density booth mu of raising variety, little shed 500～600 strains; Planting noon before that day, watering to the seedbed and execute instant nitrogenousfertilizer one time, also can spray the blended (adding 800 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion) of a diseases prevention worm simultaneously with 800～1000 times of liquid of 70% first class topsin.

After the field planting 7～10 days generally stuffy, keep daytime 28～28 the degree, be not less than night 15 the degree, if will in time ventilate when spending above 32 daytime, stretch the climing phase, daytime temperature 25～28 degree keep more than 15 degree night, surpass 28 degree and easily cause excessive growth, it is unfavorable that female flower is formed, and real expanding stage 28～32 degree of melon and fruit are sat in influence, more than spending nights 17, fructescence canopy temperature keeps 30～35 degree, and this is to keep higher temperature to help fruit to expand sucrose accumulation and premature ripening; Watermelon is moisture-proof not, and humidity is unsuitable excessive in the canopy, except that the maintenance of field planting initial stage is higher, other breeding time, suitable humidity kept 50～60%, therefore want timely ventilation dewetting, ground cover film or covering wheat straw etc. can reduce the ground water evaporates, reaches and falls wet purpose, generally do not water early stage, keep relatively dry in the canopy, water the short melon of first water after sitting melon, water second water again after fixed, water at every turn and topdress, and note ventilation dewetting.

Gently execute seed manure with fertilizer or composite fertilizer, urge afterwards to control earlier skilful ferities grow fertilizer, sit firmly and weigh plants expand fertilizer behind the young fruit.

Adopt two climing and three climing formula trainings.Watermelon is the very strong plant of branch principal stresses, and as letting alone growth, then cissoid is crisscross, and overlapping curling is difficult for bearing fruit, and consumes its a large amount of nutrients, causes at last yielding poorly, poor quality.Training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant and can be effectively utilized soil and luminous energy, regulates the growth and the distribution of control watermelon cissoid, improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition, reduces nutrient consumption, prevents windburn, promotes to bear fruit, and reaches the purpose of high yield and high quality.

Watermelon is an entomophilous flower, mainly by honeybee class insect pollination, and the cultivation of protection ground, no insect pollination in the canopy, influence is normally beared fruit, and should carry out artificial supplementary pollination, carries out at 10 in the morning after artificial supplementary pollination should be bloomed in the morning.Pollinate and be prone to malformed fruit when irregular.

Bearing fruit, it is very big to The yield of watermelon and quality influence to save the position.Generally do not stay the first female flower result, because first female flower is when blooming, plant is less, and blade is few, and temperature is lower, and fruit is little, skin depth, hollow, inferior quality.Generally select and remain second and third female flower stay the fruit.Stay fruit joint position too high also bad, not just easily do not forming fruitlet, fruit type, quality is also relatively poor.

Diseases prevention worm mouse, spray 500 times of liquid of one time 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 5% octicin solution wettable powder liquid every about 20 days.So that watermelon healthy growth.

Claims (1)

1. Novel watermelon cultivation process in early spring is characterized in that adopting raise seedling in hot bed, cultivates the strong melon seedling of healthy seedling earlier, and two climing or three climing formula trainings are adopted in field planting when the melon seedling grows into 2-4 sheet true leaf, and second and third female flower of selecting and remain stays fruit.This method cultivation is simple, and easily large tracts of land is promoted.