CN107493890A - A kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN107493890A CN107493890A CN201710775963.2A CN201710775963A CN107493890A CN 107493890 A CN107493890 A CN 107493890A CN 201710775963 A CN201710775963 A CN 201710775963A CN 107493890 A CN107493890 A CN 107493890A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon, comprise the following steps：(1) greenhouse prepares before transplanting；(2) transplant；(3) green house temperature-humidity management；(4) rich water quality management；(5) plant manages；(6) artificial pollination；(7) melon is stayed.The Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of the greenhouse watermelon of the present invention, the Watermelon Fruit of maturation can be obtained 6 months Mays, method is simple and easy, and obtained watermelon curcumbitate is just, yield is high, quality better, and more traditional watermelon maturity period is early, there is good economic well-being of workers and staff.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of more particularly to a kind of greenhouse watermelon.
Background technology
Watermelon is one of fruit that the people like, especially hot summer, and watermelon has become the cooling of people's relieving summer-heat
Preferred fruit.Current growth of watermelon is with sale or based on primary agricultural products, and the added value of watermelon products is low, the list in farmland
Plane product economic benefit is low, it is impossible to brings good economic well-being of workers and staff for melon grower.
With the improvement of living standards, the consumption structure of people is also constantly changing.Consumption demand of the people to watermelon
No longer be it is simple relieved summer heat with summer quench one's thirst based on, but more pursue quality, characteristic and variation.Traditional watermelon is generally summer
Maturation, can not meet people other times want taste watermelon the needs of.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problem of the prior art, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation side of greenhouse watermelon
Method.The technical scheme is as follows：
On the one hand, a kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon, comprises the following steps：
(1) greenhouse prepares before transplanting：15-20 days covering awning films, apply decomposed 2000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer before transplanting, multiple
25 kilograms of Hefei, plough deeply leveling, 20 centimetres of tilling depth；
(2) transplant：Using seedling age 3-4 leaves as transplanting optimum period, using shallow field planting, 1 centimetre of native face or hole tray are exposed with nutritive cube
Top substrate is concordant with native face, and root water and the insulation of lid arch shed membrane are poured in field planting end；
(3) green house temperature-humidity management；
(4) rich water quality management；
(5) plant manages；
(6) artificial pollination：Pollination is carried out when being operated in morning 8-10, while marks pollination date, to determine the ripe date；
(7) melon is stayed：The melon for selecting the second female flower of main stem seat of honour is stayed, when melon such as egg size, select melon, every plant is stayed and selects 1-
2 handles are thick, justify positive young melon without wound and curcumbitate；Melon is preferentially stayed in main stem, when main stem is stayed incessantly, melon can be stayed on lateral bine.
Further, the specific method of step (2) transplanting is：
Cultivate with climbing：Medium-sized 50 centimetres of watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 400 plants；35 centimetres of small watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 650 plants；
Vertical planting：Medium-sized 50 centimetres of watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 1200-1400 strains；40 centimetres of small watermelon spacing in the rows, mu are planted
1400-1600 strains.
Further, the specific method of step (6) artificial pollination includes：
Spend to flower method：Open male flower is adopted down, petal is erased, the stamen for leaving the inside is gently applied to the post of female flower
On head, uniform during smearing, a male flower can award 2-3 female flower；
Writing brush dips in powder method：Open male flower focuses on pollen in one clean container on the day of taking, and is dipped with banister bruss
Pollen directly uses banister bruss swipe pollen on open male flower, is directed at female chapiter, gently smears, sees that column cap has obvious Huang
Dyeing defect powder；
Inhibition artificial pollination method before female flower section：Artificial pollination is carried out to female flower, the small bamboo of two panels is then used before female flower section
Label, are perpendicularly inserted that melon is climing each other, and the width of bamboo stick is the 1/3 of the climing diameter of melon, suppress nutrient and are delivered to growing point, promote seat
Fruit.
Further, the specific method of greenhouse preparation is before step (1) transplanting：
It is 2 furrow to cultivate with climbing per single canopy；Vertical planting is 3-4 furrow per single canopy；Furrow ditch is deep 30 centimetres, greenhouse periphery ditch depth 50
Centimetre；Mulch film is covered after whole furrow immediately and builds Small plastic shed, arch shed membrane is covered and is preheated.
Further, the specific method of step (3) the green house temperature-humidity management includes：
Temperature：7-10 days after field planting, greenhouse and Small plastic shed are sealed, without ventilation, soil temperature is improved, promotes root of hair,
Accelerate slow seedling；Start to divulge information after slow seedling, adjust temperature of shed；Daytime, canopy temperature was not higher than 35 DEG C, and night canopy temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, with
The rise of outside air temperature is gradually increased ventilation；At the beginning of 4 months-mid-April greenhouse watermelon enter full blossom, keep substantial light to shine and widen
Day and night temperature；Into the swollen melon phase, 35 DEG C of canopy temperature is kept daytime, night canopy temperature is not less than 20 DEG C；Come to the ripening period, widen warm round the clock
Difference；
Humidity：Day relative humidity reaches 80-90% in 60-70%, night and rainy days；Fine warm white day evening closes canopy, ditch row
Between litter reduction terramycin dregs, reduce frequency of irrigation to reduce humidity in canopy；The middle and late growth stage keeps relative humidity 60- in canopy
70%.
Further, the specific method of step (4) rich water quality management is：When first melon egg size, select fine
It, which with 1% NPK is opened cave and pours to apply or poured with 0.2% NPK drip irrigation, applies, 25-30 kilograms of mu dosage；It is administered simultaneously
Pelletized carbon dioxide propellant, lower 5 centimetres are directly earthed, watering, 30 kilograms of mu granule dosage, monthly applies one afterwards
It is secondary.
Further, the specific method of step (5) the plant management includes：
Training：Medium-sized watermelon uses three climing trainings using double climing trainings, small watermelon；Growth early stage with manage it is climing based on, expand
Big trophosome, timely draws climing, melon leaf is set to be evenly distributed；When main stem is long 50-80 centimetres, remaining lateral bine is extractd, fixes draws climing direction,
Prevent cissoid crowded and overlapping；Growth is let alone after first melon fruit setting, sees sky draws climing；
Growth potential adjusts：When cultivating with climbing, kept down the vines of a creeping plant using " layer of vine " mode, using 12-15 centimeter lengths, wide 0.5 centimetre
Thin bamboo strip, U-typed is curved, followed in climing two sides insertion soil；When growing way is normal, with fixation it is climing based on, insertion thin bamboo strip do not push down it is climing；
When growing way is partially prosperous, according to climing growing way, is pushed down with different tense-lax degree climing, adjust climing growing way；2 save not before and after Joint position of the fruit
It can keep down the vines of a creeping plant.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：The Winter-Spring of the greenhouse watermelon of the present invention promotees early
Cultural method, can be obtained in May-June maturation Watermelon Fruit, method is simple and easy, obtained watermelon curcumbitate just, yield
High, quality better, more traditional watermelon maturity period is early, there is good economic well-being of workers and staff.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further
It is described in detail on ground.
Embodiment
(1) greenhouse prepares before transplanting
15-20 days covering awning films, holostrome mu apply decomposed 2000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer, composite fertilizer 25,000 before transplanting
Gram, plough deeply leveling, the general cm of tilling depth 20.It is 2 furrow to cultivate with climbing per single canopy；Vertical planting is 3-4 furrow per single canopy.Furrow ditch
30 centimetres, 50 centimetres of greenhouse periphery ditch depth.After whole furrow, mulch film is covered in time and builds Small plastic shed, arch shed membrane is covered and is preheated,
To improve ground temperature.
(2) transplant
Winter-Spring cultivation is using seedling age 3-4 leaves as transplanting optimum period.Cultivate medium-sized 50 centimetres of watermelon spacing in the rows with climbing, mu plants 400 plants of left sides
It is right；35 centimetres of small watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 650 plants.50 centimetres of the medium-sized watermelon spacing in the rows of vertical planting, mu plant 1200-1400 plants；
40 centimetres of small watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 1400-1600 strains.Transplanting uses shallow field planting, exposes 1 centimetre of native face or hole tray with nutritive cube
Top substrate is flat preferably with native face.Field planting terminates to have poured root water in time and covers arch shed membrane insulation.
(3) green house temperature-humidity management
1. temperature
Harvested after field planting to first melon, mainly to be incubated, improve soil temperature, promote root of hair, maximally utilise illumination,
Quickening nutrient growth is management objectives.7-10 days after field planting, greenhouse and Small plastic shed are sealed, without ventilation, improves soil
Temperature, promote root of hair, accelerate slow seedling.
It can start to divulge information after slow seedling, to adjust temperature of shed.General daytime is not higher than 35 DEG C, and night is not less than 15 DEG C, with
The rise of outside air temperature is gradually increased ventilation.Temperature treatment in greenhouse can by Small plastic shed take off lid sooner or later, Yi Ji great
The size of canopy lee face ventilating opening is adjusted.At the beginning of 4 months-mid-April greenhouse watermelon enter full blossom, should keep sufficient illumination and
It is appropriate to widen day and night temperature, keep and adjustment plant growing way, promotion melon fetal hair are educated and seat melon.Into the swollen melon phase, daytime keeps canopy
35 DEG C of temperature, night are not less than 20 DEG C, accelerate melon and fruit and expand.Come to the ripening period, widen day and night temperature, promote sugar knot tired and second
Criticize melon fruit setting.
2. humidity
Relative air humidity is higher in greenhouse, though being covered using mulch film holostrome, significantly reduces air themperature in canopy,
With plant cissoid Feng Hanghou, because transpiration rate is big, the increase of irrigation quantity, increase humidity in canopy.Day relative humidity typically exists
60-70%, night and rainy days reach 80-90%.To reduce humidity in canopy, disease is reduced, fine warm white day appropriate evening can be taken to close
Canopy, ditch in the ranks litter reduction terramycin dregs, usually reduce frequency of irrigation as far as possible to realize.The middle and late growth stage, to keep relatively wet
Degree 60-70% is advisable.
(4) rich water quality management
Greenhouse watermelon is cultivated based on base manure, increases once swollen fruit rich water.I.e. when first melon egg size, select fine
My god, open cave with 1% NPK and pour to apply or poured with 0.2% NPK drip irrigation and apply, 25-30 kilograms of mu dosage.
Greenhouse air-proof condition carbon dioxide content wretched insufficiency, influences photosynthetic be normally carried out and assimilation products
Accumulation, carbon dioxide is increased to strengthening watermelon photosynthetic efficiency, improving greenhouse watermelon yield, quality and listing ahead of time has important work
With.Carbon dioxide fertilization mainly uses pelletized carbon dioxide propellant, is directly earthed lower 5 centimetres of depths, watering, mu particle
30 kilograms of agent dosage, applied when first melon egg size, the term of validity 1 month.
(5) plant manages
1. prune
Medium-sized watermelon uses three climing trainings using double climing trainings, small watermelon.Growth early stage with manage it is climing based on, expand as far as possible
Big trophosome, timely draws climing, melon leaf is set to be evenly distributed；When main stem is long 50-80 centimetres, remaining lateral bine is extractd, fixes draws climing direction,
Prevent cissoid crowded and overlapping.It is basic after first melon fruit setting to let alone growth, see sky draws climing.
2. growth potential adjusts
In greenhouse cultivation is cultivated with climbing, the adjustment of plant strain growth gesture is typically kept down the vines of a creeping plant using " layer of vine " mode, i.e., with being cut into 12-
15 centimeter lengths, the thin bamboo strip of wide 0.5 cm, curve U-typed, follow in climing two sides insertion soil.It is climing with fixation when growing way is normal
Based on, insertion thin bamboo strip is not pushed down climing；When growing way is partially prosperous, according to climing growing way, is pushed down climing, adjusted climing with different tense-lax degree
Growing way.But 2 sections can not keep down the vines of a creeping plant before and after Joint position of the fruit.
(6) artificial pollination
Greenhouse watermelon Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation typically at the beginning of 4 months-mid-April blooms, because insect activity is few in canopy, it is necessary to enter
Row artificial pollination just can ensure that pollination.Pollination work is typically carried out in morning 8-10, while should mark pollination date, so as to true
The fixed ripe date.
1. spend to flower method：Open male flower is adopted down, petal is erased, the stamen for leaving the inside is gently applied to female flower
On column cap, uniform during smearing, a general male flower can award 2-3 female flower.
2. writing brush dips in powder method：Open male flower focuses on pollen in one clean container on the day of taking, and is dipped in banister bruss
Take pollen or directly use banister bruss swipe pollen on open male flower, be directed at female chapiter, gently smear it is several under, see that column cap has
Obvious yellow pollen.This method work efficiency is higher, is most popular method.
3. inhibition artificial pollination method before female flower section：Plant strain growth is excessively prosperous, is also difficult to fruit setting even if artificial pollination, can use
Inhibition artificial pollination before female flower section.Specific method is to carry out artificial pollination to female flower, two panels small bamboo spike is used before female flower section, mutually
Climing (can not interrupt) to be perpendicularly inserted melon, the width of bamboo stick is about the 1/3 of the climing diameter of melon, suppresses nutrient and is delivered to growing point,
Promote fruit setting.
(7) melon is stayed
To improve the quality and brand effect of watermelon, the melon for selecting the female flower of main stem second (15-18 sections) seat of honour should be stayed.Stay melon mistake
The small curcumbitate of early then melon not just, then unfavorable listing too late.When melon such as egg size, select melon, every plant stay select 1-2 handle it is thick,
Justify positive young melon without wound and curcumbitate.Melon is preferentially stayed in main stem, when main stem is stayed incessantly, melon can be stayed on lateral bine.
(8) insect pest preventing and controlling
Greenhouse watermelon pest and disease damage is relatively light, relies mainly on prevention, using comprehensive preventive health measures.
1. insect pest
Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation mid-term has aphid, can be prevented and treated 1 time with net 1500 times of liquid.
2. disease
Major Diseases：Blight dis-ease, anthracnose.Rely mainly on prevention, emphasis carries out the warm and humid management of greenhouse, promotes plant health raw
It is long, timely processing diseased plant, reduce the source of infection.Medicament aims at prevention, and can kill to obtain 500 times of liquid preventing and treatings with 77% in growth early stage
Early blight 1 time；Mid-term prevents and treats anthracnose 1 time with celestial raw 500 times of liquid.The most medications of every batch of melon are secondary.
(9) harvest
Sampled according to pollination mark and field, determine the maturity of batch watermelon.General local sale is advisable with 9 maturations,
Other places sale is advisable with 8-9 maturations.Harvesting is preferably carried out after fine day morning dew is dry, and harvesting is appropriate to the occasion to be cut or scissors is cut with knife, will
Carpopodium is stayed on melon, is on the one hand beneficial to the freshness for differentiating watermelon by the withered state of carpopodium, on the other hand harvesting wound
Mouth is not stayed on melon directly, can be reduced because wound infection directly causes rotting for watermelon, can be extended period of storage.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：The Winter-Spring of the greenhouse watermelon of the present invention promotees early
Cultural method, can be obtained in May-June maturation Watermelon Fruit, method is simple and easy, obtained watermelon curcumbitate just, yield
High, quality better, more traditional watermelon maturity period is early, there is good economic well-being of workers and staff.
For other alternative solutions of above-mentioned technical characteristic, the present invention will not enumerate herein.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) greenhouse prepares before transplanting：15-20 days covering awning films, apply decomposed 2000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer, composite fertilizer before transplanting
25 kilograms, plough deeply leveling, 20 centimetres of tilling depth；
(2) transplant：Using seedling age 3-4 leaves as transplanting optimum period, using shallow field planting, 1 centimetre of native face or hole tray top are exposed with nutritive cube
Matrix is concordant with native face, and root water and the insulation of lid arch shed membrane are poured in field planting end；
(3) green house temperature-humidity management；
(4) rich water quality management；
(5) plant manages；
(6) artificial pollination：Pollination is carried out when being operated in morning 8-10, while marks pollination date, to determine the ripe date；
(7) melon is stayed：The melon for selecting the second female flower of main stem seat of honour is stayed, when melon such as egg size, select melon, every plant is stayed and selects 1-2
Handle is thick, justifies positive young melon without wound and curcumbitate；Melon is preferentially stayed in main stem, when main stem is stayed incessantly, melon can be stayed on lateral bine.
2. the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) transplanting
Specific method be：
Cultivate with climbing：Medium-sized 50 centimetres of watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 400 plants；35 centimetres of small watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 650 plants；
Vertical planting：Medium-sized 50 centimetres of watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 1200-1400 strains；40 centimetres of small watermelon spacing in the rows, mu plant 1400-
1600 plants.
3. the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the step (6) is artificial
The specific method of pollination includes：
Spend to flower method：Open male flower is adopted down, petal is erased, the stamen for leaving the inside is gently applied to the column cap of female flower
On, uniform during smearing, a male flower can award 2-3 female flower；
Writing brush dips in powder method：Open male flower focuses on pollen in one clean container on the day of taking, and pollen is dipped with banister bruss
Or banister bruss swipe pollen on open male flower is directly used, female chapiter is directed at, is gently smeared, sees that column cap has obvious yellow to spend
Powder；
Inhibition artificial pollination method before female flower section：Artificial pollination is carried out to female flower, two panels small bamboo spike is then used before female flower section, mutually
Melon is climing to be perpendicularly inserted, and the width of bamboo stick is the 1/3 of the climing diameter of melon, suppresses nutrient and is delivered to growing point, promotes fruit setting.
4. the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that step (1) transplanting
The specific method that preceding greenhouse prepares is：
It is 2 furrow to cultivate with climbing per single canopy；Vertical planting is 3-4 furrow per single canopy；Furrow ditch is deep 30 centimetres, 50 lis of greenhouse periphery ditch depth
Rice；Mulch film is covered after whole furrow immediately and builds Small plastic shed, arch shed membrane is covered and is preheated.
5. the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that step (3) greenhouse
The specific method of temperature and humidity management includes：
Temperature：7-10 days after field planting, greenhouse and Small plastic shed are sealed, without ventilation, soil temperature is improved, promotes root of hair, accelerate
Slow seedling；Start to divulge information after slow seedling, adjust temperature of shed；Daytime, canopy temperature was not higher than 35 DEG C, and night canopy temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, with the external world
The rise of temperature is gradually increased ventilation；At the beginning of 4 months-mid-April greenhouse watermelon enter full blossom, keep substantial light to shine and widen round the clock
The temperature difference；Into the swollen melon phase, 35 DEG C of canopy temperature is kept daytime, night canopy temperature is not less than 20 DEG C；Come to the ripening period, widen day and night temperature；
Humidity：Day relative humidity reaches 80-90% in 60-70%, night and rainy days；Fine warm white day evening closes canopy, and ditch is in the ranks spread
Grass reduces terramycin dregs, reduces frequency of irrigation to reduce humidity in canopy；The middle and late growth stage keeps relative humidity 60-70% in canopy.
6. the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step (4) rich water
The specific method of management is：When first melon egg size, select fine day with 1% NPK to open cave and pour and apply or use
0.2% NPK drip irrigation, which is poured, to be applied, 25-30 kilograms of mu dosage；Pelletized carbon dioxide propellant is administered simultaneously, is directly earthed
Lower 5 centimetres, watering, 30 kilograms of mu granule dosage, it is administered once a month afterwards.
7. the Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that step (5) plant
The specific method of management includes：
Training：Medium-sized watermelon uses three climing trainings using double climing trainings, small watermelon；Growth early stage with manage it is climing based on, expand battalion
Body is supported, timely draws climing, melon leaf is evenly distributed；When main stem is long 50-80 centimetres, remaining lateral bine is extractd, fixed draws climing direction, is prevented
Cissoid is crowded and overlapping；Growth is let alone after first melon fruit setting, sees sky draws climing；
Growth potential adjusts：When cultivating with climbing, kept down the vines of a creeping plant using " layer of vine " mode, using 12-15 centimeter lengths, wide 0.5 centimetre of thin bamboo strip,
U-typed is curved, is followed in climing two sides insertion soil；When growing way is normal, with fixation it is climing based on, insertion thin bamboo strip do not push down it is climing；In growing way
When partially prosperous, according to climing growing way, pushed down with different tense-lax degree climing, adjust climing growing way；2 sections can not press before and after Joint position of the fruit
It is climing.
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| CN112136613A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-29 | 河南农业大学 | Watermelon cultivation management method suitable for four-connected-greenhouse in smoke area |
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| CN108990719A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-14 | 上海红义蔬果种植专业合作社 | A kind of watermelon solid posture cultural method |
| CN109089772A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-28 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods improving early mature watermelon quality |
| CN112136613A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-29 | 河南农业大学 | Watermelon cultivation management method suitable for four-connected-greenhouse in smoke area |
| CN112690177A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-23 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Thin-peel watermelon cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20171222 |