JP2010068801A - Method for cultivating soybean, and multistage cultivation device for soybean - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating soybeans, increasing a yield of seeds per a unit area while equalizing the quality of seeds to be harvested. <P>SOLUTION: A multistage cultivation device 10 for soybeans has a plurality of cultivation chambers 11a-11d having ceiling planes 12a-12d set with a lighting system, in multistages in the vertical direction. The method for cultivating soybeans includes cultivating soybeans 3 by using a string 5 as an inducible means to grow raised seedlings of the soybeans 3 in a direction nearly along the ceiling planes 12a-12d in each of a plurality of the cultivation chambers 11a-11d so as to form a low creeping grass shape of a 30-40 cm grass height and a grass height less than half of a grass height in the case by a usual cultivation method. Leaves exist in nearly the same height from top to bottom of stems 3a of the soybeans 3, and even when the soybeans 3 grow, the light continues to always almost equally shine on the whole of the soybeans 3, and as a result, active photosynthesis is performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a soybean cultivation method and a multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus, and specifically, a soybean cultivation method capable of greatly increasing the yield of seeds per unit area while maintaining the quality of seeds to be harvested, and The present invention relates to a multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus.

  Since soybean contains abundant proteins, it has recently attracted attention as one of health foods. In Japan, the majority of soybeans depend on imports, so it is extremely important to increase soybean yields.

  Soybeans are usually grown in a single stage in an outdoor field and are commercially produced. In order to increase the yield of soybean, it is conceivable to increase the cultivation density, spray certain chemicals, and further reduce the loss during the harvesting operation. These will be briefly described.

  Increasing the cultivation density has a trade-off with the yield per strain, and it has been empirically known that there is an optimum cultivation density in outdoor field cultivation. For this reason, there is a limit in raising cultivation density.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which soybean yield is increased by applying methionine at an application rate of 45 g / 10a to 100 g / 10a, which is much smaller than that in the past, to the soybean by foliar application. Patent Document 2 discloses an invention that increases soybean yield by preventing weeding by moisturizing Saya by enabling weeding work after spraying moisture using a soybean weeder with a specific structure. Yes.

JP 2006-271256 A JP 2007-202409 A

However, even if soybean is cultivated by any of these conventional cultivation methods, it is difficult to significantly increase the yield of soybean because there are problems listed below.
(A) FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing classification by herbaceous form. 11 (a) shows an upright type, FIG. 11 (b) shows a branched type, FIG. 11 (c) shows a saddle type, FIG. 11 (d) shows a green type, and FIG. ) Shows a vine type, FIG. 11 (f) shows a temporary rosette type, FIG. 11 (g) shows a rosette type, and FIG. 11 (h) shows a pseudo rosette type. Soybeans belong to the upright type shown in FIG. 11 (a), and when grown normally in an outdoor field, the plant height is about 80 to 100 cm. For this reason, the amount of light received by the lower part of soybean gradually decreases as it grows behind the upper leaves. For this reason, the growth rate of soybean gradually decreases, and the amount of seed yield per strain decreases accordingly.
(B) In order to increase the number of cultivated strains of soybean per unit area, it is difficult to significantly increase the number of cultivated strains in Japan because a vast field according to the size is required.

  The present invention has been made in view of these problems of conventional techniques, and a soybean cultivation method capable of increasing the yield of seeds per unit area while aligning the quality of seeds to be harvested, and this It aims at providing the cultivation device of soybean for carrying out the cultivation method.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have cultivated soybean seedlings in a multi-stage cultivation having a plurality of cultivation rooms in a vertical direction having a ceiling room on which a lighting device is provided. In each of the plurality of cultivation rooms in the apparatus, (a) by growing in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface using the attracting means, not upright type, for example, the height of 30 to 40 cm and the plant height in the case of the normal cultivation method By cultivating so that it becomes a grass shape that is low and less than half the plant height, or (b) by growing in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface using an attracting means after planting obliquely with respect to the cultivation surface, It is not an upright type, for example, it grows so that it grows in a grass shape that falls to a height of 30 to 40 cm and a plant height that is less than half the plant height in the case of a normal cultivation method. A sufficient amount of light can be secured at the bottom of the plant so that the growth rate can be prevented from decreasing, and the yield of seeds per strain can be increased. This multi-stage cultivation device can be used in greenhouses, glass greenhouses, and even plant factories. It has been found that the number of cultivated strains can be greatly increased without requiring a vast field, and further studies have been made to complete the present invention.

  The present invention provides a soybean seedling substantially on the ceiling surface using attraction means in each of a plurality of cultivation rooms in a multi-stage cultivation apparatus having a plurality of cultivation rooms having a ceiling surface provided with a lighting device in a vertical direction. It grows in the direction along which it grows, or it grows in the shape of a plant lying down by growing it in a direction along the ceiling surface using an attracting means after planting obliquely with respect to the cultivation surface. Thus, it is the cultivation method of soybean characterized by cultivating.

  In the present invention, the “weeding grass shape” means a grass shape extending low in a direction substantially along the cultivation surface, and the “falling grass shape” means a grass shape extending in an acute angle with respect to the cultivation surface. means. In any case, the plant height of the grown soybean is set to, for example, a height of 30 to 40 cm and less than half the plant height in the case of the normal cultivation method.

  From another point of view, the present invention is a multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus having a plurality of cultivation rooms having a ceiling surface provided with a lighting device in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and at least one cultivation room among the plurality of cultivation rooms A multi-stage soybean characterized by having an attracting means for attracting soybean seedlings so as to grow into a grass shape or a lying grass shape by growing in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface It is a cultivation device.

  Thus, in brief, the present invention, when cultivating soybeans in an indoor space called a greenhouse, a glass greenhouse, or even a plant factory, reduces the soybean appearance in the cultivation process instead of a normal vertical pattern. In order to increase the yield of seeds per unit area by increasing the quality of seeds to be harvested by cultivating in a multi-stage manner after shaping the shape, string and nets etc. in soybean cultivation in indoor cultivation Yield can be increased by arranging so that the grass shape of soybean is dripped using the attracting means and cultivating on multi-stage cultivation shelves.

  According to the soybean cultivation method and the multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to greatly increase the yield of seeds per unit area while maintaining the quality of the seeds to be harvested.

It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the attraction | straction means for setting it as the grass figure which grows a soybean seedling by making it grow in a specific direction. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the attraction | straction means for setting it as the grass figure which grows a soybean seedling by making it grow in a specific direction. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the attraction | straction means for setting it as the grass figure which grows a soybean seedling by making it grow in a specific direction. It is explanatory drawing which shows the method of making it the grass shape which lays down by making a soybean seedling grow in a specific direction. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the multistage type soybean cultivation apparatus of embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a situation where soybeans are cultivated in a normal vertical type using the multistage soybean cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing a situation in which soybeans are cultivated in a saddle shape using the multistage soybean cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 8 (a) and 8 (b) are graphs showing the light transmittance and the photosynthetic rate in the vertical cultivation shown in FIG. 6 for each distance from the growth point in FIG. 6, and FIG. ) Indicates the outer periphery, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the light transmittance and the photosynthetic rate in the vertical cultivation shown in FIG. 7 for each distance from the growth point in FIG. FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a part where soybean sheath and seeds are formed. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing classification by the form of herbs.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out a soybean cultivation method and a multistage soybean cultivation apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, soybean used in the following explanation grows upright.

  In the present embodiment, in brief, soybeans sprouted on a nursery or the like are grown as seedlings, and the seedlings of the soybeans are planted on a cultivation shelf or the like, and then in the cultivation room of the multistage soybean cultivation apparatus according to the present invention. Cultivate soybeans.

  Specifically, the seeds are first sown in a container such as a tray containing a medium such as soil, rock wool, or urethane to germinate soybeans. For example, the seedlings are grown to a height of about 5 cm above the roots. To do. Next, well-grown seedlings are selected and planted on a cultivation shelf, and then the cultivation shelf is transferred to each cultivation room of a multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, which will be described later, to cultivate soybean 3.

In the present embodiment, in each of a plurality of cultivation rooms in a multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus having a plurality of cultivation rooms having a ceiling surface provided with a lighting device in a vertical direction, soybean seedlings are used (i) using attraction means By growing in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface of the lever, it is not a normal upright grass shape, but a grass shape that stands low, for example, at a height of 30 to 40 cm and less than half the height of the plant height by the normal cultivation method Or grow to be
(Ii) Cultivate the plant so as to fall into a grassy form by planting at an angle with respect to the cultivation surface and then growing in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface using an attracting means.

FIGS. 1 to 3 are explanatory views illustrating an attracting means for making a grass shape that grows by raising grown soybeans in a specific direction.
In the method shown in FIG. 1, after sowing, the stem 3 a of the soybean 3 on the cultivation surface 2 of the cultivation shelf 1 is attracted by the string 5 tied to the frame 4 provided on the cultivation shelf 1 and is grown in the lateral direction (substantially horizontal direction). By doing so, soybean 3 is made into a grass shape that stands low. In this case, the frame 4 and the string 5 are used as attracting means.

  In the method shown in FIG. 2, the net 6 that restricts the growth range of the stem 3 a of the soybean 3 is placed on the cultivation shelf 1, attracted, and grown in the horizontal direction (substantially horizontal direction), so that the soybean 3 is lowered low. It is a grass figure. In this case, the net 6 is used as an attracting means.

  In the method shown in FIG. 3, a shelf 7 on which the stem 3 a is raised is arranged above the soybean 3, attracted, and grown in the horizontal direction (substantially horizontal direction), so that the soybean 3 is lowered into a low-grass shape. It is. In this case, the shelf 7 is used as an attraction means.

  The attracting means for making the grass shape of soybean 3 into a grass shape that is lowly sown so that the grass shape of soybean 3 is, for example, 30 to 40 cm long and less than half the plant height by a normal cultivation method is shown in FIG. It is not limited to the combination of the strings 5, the net 6 shown in FIG. 2, and the shelf 7 shown in FIG. 3, but a known means that can attract the soybean 3 in this way can be applied. For example, various well-known horticultural attracting means such as a plastic clip, a small splint, a gardening rubber band, and a wire can be used.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for making soybean seedlings into a grassy form that is lying down by growing in a specific direction. FIG. 4 shows a soybean seedling 8 grown in a nursery or the like so that its stem forms an angle θ (θ: less than 90 °) with respect to the cultivation surface of the cultivation shelf 1 together with a medium 9 around its root. After planting diagonally, by using the above-described various attracting means, the grass shape of soybean after growing is made into a grass shape that falls down. According to this, the plant height of soybean can be further suppressed, which is preferable.

Next, the multistage soybean cultivation apparatus used in the present embodiment will be described.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment.
This multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10 has a plurality of cultivation rooms 11a to 11d (four in the illustrated example) in multiple stages (four in the illustrated example) in the vertical direction. Each cultivation room 11a-11d has a height of about 50 cm.

  A plurality of lighting devices 13 (five in the illustrated example) are provided on the ceiling surfaces 12a to 12d of the respective cultivation rooms 11a to 11d. When cultivating soybean 3 by installing multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10 indoors such as a greenhouse, a glass greenhouse, or even a plant factory, the amount of light necessary for the growth of soybean 3 is insufficient. In the form, as shown in FIG. 5, an artificial lighting device 13 such as a fluorescent lamp is disposed on the ceiling surfaces 12 a to 12 d of the respective cultivation rooms 11 a to 11 d.

  On the inner wall surface of at least one of the cultivation rooms 11a to 11d (all cultivation rooms in the illustrated example), the seedlings of soybean 3 are grown in a direction substantially along the ceiling surfaces 12a to 12d. A string 5 is provided as an attraction means for creating a grass figure.

  The multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 5 takes the case where the attracting means is the string 5 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this form, and the inside of each cultivation room 11a to 11d 2 may be the net 6 shown in FIG. 2 or the shelf 7 shown in FIG. 3, for example, various known types such as plastic clips, small splints, garden rubber bands, and wires. It may be an attraction means for gardening.

  In addition, when preparing the shape of soybean by pulling it with an attracting means such as a string, it is also possible to attract the shape of soybean to the horizontal by placing a weight that causes the stem to bend near the growth point of soybean. Is possible. According to this, dice can be attracted more simply.

  In this embodiment, by using this multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10, the seedlings of soybean 3 are grown in the cultivation rooms 11 a to 11 d while being attracted by the string 5 in a direction substantially along the ceiling surfaces 12 a to 12 d. For example, the plant is cultivated in a grass shape that is low so as to have a plant height of 30 to 40 cm and a plant height less than half the plant height in the case of a normal cultivation method.

According to this embodiment, the effects listed below can be obtained.
(I) In the cultivation chambers 11a to 11d in which the lighting devices 13 are provided on the ceiling surfaces 12a to 12d, the seedlings of soybean 3 are attracted in a direction substantially along the ceiling surfaces 12a to 12d using the string 5 as an attraction means. However, since the leaves grow at the same height from the top to the bottom of the stem 3a of the soybean 3 and the soybean 3 grows, the whole of the soybean 3 is always exposed to light almost uniformly. This increases seed yield due to active photosynthesis.
(Ii) Since the soybean 3 is cultivated in the cultivation rooms 11a to 11d provided in multiple stages in the vertical direction, the number of cultivated strains per unit area can be increased.
(Iii) Since the multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10 can be placed indoors such as a greenhouse, a glass greenhouse, or even a plant factory, the number of cultivated strains can be greatly increased without requiring a vast field. become able to.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, when growing soybean, it is possible to greatly increase the yield of seeds per unit area while maintaining the quality of the seeds to be harvested.

Furthermore, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a situation where soybean 3 is cultivated in a normal vertical type using the multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the condition which used soybean 3 and was cultivated in the bowl type. In the case shown in FIG. 7, the string 5 shown in FIG.

The cultivation environment of soybean 3 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is divided into a lighting time (light period) and a lighting time (dark period), and the environmental conditions for each period are set as shown below. The form of soybean 3 and the yield of seeds by the cultivation shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 were compared. In addition, Otsuka Chemical A prescription was used for the culture solution.
Light period: 14 hours, temperature 33 ° C., 50% relative humidity, on cultivation racks PPFD600μmolm ^-2 s ^-1, CO ₂ concentration 500ppm
Dark period: 10 hours, temperature 19 ° C, relative humidity 75%, PPFD 0 µmolm ^-2 s ^-1 , CO ₂ concentration uncontrolled Fig. 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b) show the light in vertical cultivation shown in Fig. 6 It is a graph which shows the transmittance | permeability and photosynthesis speed | velocity | rate for every distance from the growth point 14 in FIG. 6, Comprising: Fig.8 (a) shows an outer peripheral part and FIG.8 (b) shows between strains. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the light transmittance and the photosynthetic rate in the vertical cultivation shown in FIG. 7 for each distance from the growth point 15 in FIG.

  The light transmittance is calculated by measuring the PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) with a photon sensor at each height inside the canopy, and calculating the ratio of PPFD at each height with the upper PPFD as 100. Sought by. PPFD is a unit expressed by the number of photons that are particles of light, and is indicated by the number of light quanta incident per unit time and unit area in the absorption wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm of chlorophyll used for photosynthesis. Is.

In addition, the photosynthesis rate is a device (PP Systems International Co., Ltd., photosynthesis transpiration measuring device CIRAS-2) that calculates the photosynthesis rate from the CO ₂ concentration difference between the inflowing air and the outflowing air, with air flowing between the sealed containers. And measured.

  By comparing the graphs of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, soybean 3 by vertical cultivation of the conventional example is not sufficiently exposed to light close to the root (for example, the leaf indicated by arrow A in FIG. 6). The amount of photosynthesis is reduced. On the other hand, the soybean 3 by vertical cultivation according to the present invention is almost uniformly irradiated with light, and the amount of photosynthesis of the leaf close to the root (for example, the leaf indicated by the arrow B in FIG. 7) is also at the tip. It was almost the same as the amount of leaf photosynthesis.

  Here, FIG. 10 is explanatory drawing which shows the part which the sheath and seed of soybean 3 are made. As shown in FIG. 10, soybean 3 has a sheath 3c in a portion 3b called a knot, and seeds are formed therein. For this reason, the more seeds 3b, the more seeds arrive. Table 1 summarizes the morphology and seed production measured at the time of harvest. In addition, the value of vertical cultivation soybean in Table 1 is an average value of 6 individuals, and the value of vertical cultivation soybean is an average value of 2 individuals.

  As shown in Table 1, the cultivated soybeans of the vertical type are approximately 2.7 times the total number of knots per strain and the seed weight per strain is approximately 2.8 compared to the vertical cultivated soybeans. Each could be increased significantly.

  From the above, it is clear that according to the cultivation method of the cocoon-shaped soybean according to the present invention, it is possible to significantly increase the yield of soybean as compared with the conventional cultivation method of vertical soybean. It is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation shelf 2 Cultivation surface 3 Soybean 3a Stem 3b Node 3c Saya 4 Frame 5 String 6 Net 7 Shelf 8 Soybean seedling 9 Medium 10 Multistage soybean cultivation device 11a-11d Cultivation room 12a-12d Ceiling surface 13 Illumination device 14, 15 Growth point

Claims (2)

  In each of a plurality of cultivation rooms in a multi-stage cultivation apparatus having a plurality of cultivation rooms having a ceiling surface provided with a lighting device in a vertical direction, a soybean seedling is grown in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface using an attracting means. So that it becomes a grass shape that is drowned by making it, or so that it becomes a grass shape that falls down by growing in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface using an attracting means after planting obliquely with respect to the cultivation surface, Cultivation method of soybean characterized by cultivating. A multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus having a plurality of cultivation rooms having a ceiling surface provided with lighting devices in multiple stages in the vertical direction,
In order to attract soybean seedlings to grow in the shape of a plant that grows in a direction substantially along the ceiling surface or a plant that falls on the inside of at least one of the plurality of cultivation chambers A multi-stage soybean cultivation apparatus comprising an attracting means.

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