JP4129416B2

JP4129416B2 - Flower seedling raising method and cultivation method

Info

Publication number: JP4129416B2
Application number: JP2003203246A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 進祝迫
Original assignee: 頴娃町
Priority date: 2003-07-29
Filing date: 2003-07-29
Publication date: 2008-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2023-07-29
Also published as: JP2005046015A

Description

【０００１】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、花卉の育苗方法、花卉の栽培方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来のキク栽培の育苗は親株から挿し穂を取り，挿し穂は茎長４〜５ｃｍ葉数２〜３枚に調整し，トレイ又は育苗床に育苗培土を入れその培土に挿し芽する。
特開平０６−３４３３４１号（以下，特許文献１という）の，（第０００２）に，「切り花用の菊は，親株から挿し穂を取り，これを育苗床に挿し，適度に発根した後これを抜取り，畑に定植する。」の記載があり，育苗方法は，特許文献１（第０００４）に「底面に押出穴を設けた多数のポット状苗室を一定間隔に配してなる可撓性苗枠の各苗室に培土を入れ，各苗室に対し夫々１本づつ挿し発根させる。」の記載がある。
【０００３】
培土には，自家製培土と市販の購入培土があり，自家製培土には川砂や鹿沼土，山土，ボラの単品や，これらに市販購入培土を自家で複数混合したもの等があり，挿し芽は地床やベンチ床，箱挿しで苗作りが行われ，数センチ四方に１本挿しである。挿し芽は水揚げして行う。農耕と園芸編集部，切り花栽培の新技術キク上巻（以下，非特許文献１という）の２６頁に「穂冷蔵で萎れたものはピンとなるまで２〜３時間水揚げする。」と記載されている。
【０００４】
購入培土はキク専用の培土があり，主にトレイ育苗に用いられ，キクの育苗トレイは１２８穴と又は２００穴が用いられている。そのトレイの１穴即ち１室に１本挿し，育苗ベンチで管理する。
【０００５】
挿し芽後の育苗管理は，挿し芽した床やトレイに，カンレイシャ等で被覆し直射光線を避け萎凋防止する。灌水は，培土の種類によって異なるが通常１日朝昼２回行われて，挿し芽後約２週間で定植苗になる。
【０００６】
【特許文献１】
特開平０６−３４３３４１号（第０００２，０００４）
【非特許文献１】
船越桂市，切り花栽培の新技術キク上巻，農耕と園芸編集部，平成１１年２月，２６頁。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら，自家作成培土の川砂やボラ，鹿沼土，山土等は素材の入手困難や，培土の種類によって育苗管理が異なる問題がある。また，川砂やボラ，鹿沼土，山土等の素材を配合したものも用いられているが，素材の配合を等質にできないと，生育むらが生じたり，培土素材によって灌水方法が異なり失敗の問題がある。
【０００８】
市販培土は，均一な苗が多量に生産できやすいが，生産コスト高の課題がある。
本発明は，この育苗培土が不要にでき，育苗期間が短縮でき，未経験の人でも，確実に発根させることができ，さらに花卉挿し穂の葉水育苗装置およびトレイ各室挿入方法による，花卉の定植苗を提供することを目的とする。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明者は，鋭意研究の結果，温度管理と湿度管理を適切に行うことがなくても，挿し穂の組織内の水分の不足を確実に排除し，未経験の人でも，確実に発根させるために，挿し穂を冷蔵し，無培土のトレイ各室に挿入し，水揚げしないで，葉水で挿し穂の下部に高い湿度を与え，発根を促進し，朝日を採光し，挿し穂を萎らせ，根の生長を促すことにより発明を完成し，上記課題を解決した。すなわち，
【００１０】
本発明にいう花卉は，キキョウ目であって，キキョウ目としてキク科でありキク属，キンセンカ属，ゴボウ属，ステビア属，セイダカアワダチソウ属，ベニバナ属，ヨモギ属が挙げられ，ナデシコ目としてオシロイバナ科，ナデシコ科であり，オシロイバナ，カーネーションなどが挙げられる。
【００１１】
本発明の花卉の育苗方法は、採穂した穂を，穂冷蔵工程と，挿入工程と，葉水工程と，日除け工程と，朝日採光工程とからなる。この挿入工程が、底面給水工程を含む前記の花卉の育苗方法も本発明に含まれる。
本発明の花卉の栽培方法は、前記本発明の育苗方法で得られた成苗を，定植し、管理するものである。この成苗が、発根長２〜２０ｍｍ、好ましくは３〜５ｍｍである花卉の栽培方法であってもよい。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を本発明装置に基づいて説明する。
本発明の花卉の育苗方法である，穂冷蔵工程，挿入工程，葉水工程，日除け工程，朝日採光工程からなるキク育苗フローチャートを図１に示す。
【００１３】
〔穂冷蔵工程〕
午後３時以後５時の間に採穂し、採穂後すぐ穂の調整を行い，調整は生頂点から４〜５ｃｍの長さで，展開葉２〜３枚つける。
調整した挿し穂は冷蔵貯蔵する，冷蔵方法は挿し穂の水分を吸収できるように穂を新聞紙等でくるみ，更にポリ袋に入れ２℃の冷蔵庫で貯蔵する。冷蔵期間は１週間から４週間の期間で良い，なお，穂冷蔵は挿し穂の確保と低温処理による発根及び伸長性の向上になる。
【００１４】
トレイに挿入する当日に冷蔵庫から出庫し，挿し穂の消毒と発根処理を行った，消毒はダコニール１０００の１，０００倍液と発根処理にオキシベロン２００倍液を混合し１分間浸漬する。
【００１５】
〔挿入工程〕
育苗ベンチとトレイを，図２の育苗トレイ平面図（ａ），ベンチと育苗斜視図（ｂ）に示す。
本発明の実施例の葉水育苗断面図を図３で示す。
育苗施設は暖房と換気が出来る電照可能なハウスで，挿し床の土台になるベンチを設置して，ベンチ（１１）の上に水平な育苗床を設置し，その上にプラスチックフイルム（１２）を敷き保湿と水漏れを防ぎ，育苗トレイ（１３）がシートに直接触れないようにするため，厚さ２ｃｍ程度の均一な木材等（１４）の敷き材を敷く，シートの四方周囲は，直径４〜５ｃｍのパイプ又は木材等（１５）を置き，底面給水の水溜めや排水調節のために設置する。
【００１６】
シートの上に育苗トレイを置くが，育苗トレイの底面をシートに直接触れさせないため，厚さ２ｃｍ程度の均一な木材等の敷き材を置き，この敷き材の上部をおおむね水平にする。水平でない場合は敷き材の下に木片等を入れ水平に調整する。
【００１７】
水平に調整した敷き材の上に，底面の押出穴を設けた，多数のポット状苗室を一定間隔に配してなるトレイを置く。このトレイ形状は，１室の上部直径２〜４ｃｍ，深さ４ｃｍがよく，これはキク育苗で一般的に用いられている１２８穴や２００穴トレイになる。
【００１８】
トレイの各苗室にキクの挿し穂を１〜数本挿入する。複数挿入の時は穂の基部を揃え一緒に挿入し，挿入する挿し穂の深さは穂の基部がトレイの底面に届くまで挿す。
【００１９】
なお，トレイの各苗室に挿入する挿し穂数の決定は，トレイに挿入したとき穂が，斜めにならないようお互いに支えあって，ほぼ直立になるような本数にする。
したがって，１２８穴や２００穴の場合，挿入本数は，葉の大きい輪ギクは１本，スプレーギク２〜３本が標準になる。なお，上記本数が挿し穂基部の湿度が保たれ発根促進される。１室に挿入する本数が多いと通風や採光が悪くなり腐敗しやすく，少ないと挿し穂間にすき間ができ保湿が難しい。また，穂が曲がりやすく曲がった苗は定植や定植後の灌水作業がしにくい。
【００２０】
本発明で育苗トレイを用いるのは，大量生産に都合がよい，育苗トレイは使いやすく，価格が安い等があり，また，トレイ室の深さが４ｃｍで穂がほぼ垂直に立ち，成苗になったとき苗の茎が曲がらず垂直で定植しやすい。
【００２１】
〔葉水工程〕
育苗床の温度は１０から３５℃、好ましくは１５℃以上２５℃以下を保つ。
育苗期間中は電照と遮光を行う，電照は照度５０から１００lx以上，日長時間１４．５から２０時間にする。
葉水の方法は，挿入直後はシートが濡れる程度行い，挿入２日目から４〜５日間は１日１〜２回午前中と午後，水量は穂の葉面から水が２〜３滴こぼれ落ちる程度ジョロで行う。その後，定植までの間は1日1回午前中，穂の葉面から水が落ちない程度の葉水を行う。
【００２２】
葉水の期間は，穂が夕方は少し萎れているが，翌朝萎れが回復するような葉水を行う。夕方は穂が少々萎れてはいるが，翌朝穂の萎れが回復する葉水量が発根がよく，夕方に穂が全く萎れない葉水量は発根が遅れる。
【００２３】
トレイ室へ穂の挿入直後や葉水工程で，穂が萎れている場合は底面から給水する，給水方法は，水溜めシートの四方を直径４〜５ｃｍのパイプ又は木材等で囲い，水量はトレイの底面から約１ｃｍにし，穂の萎れが回復する数時間給水させその後排水する。排水方法は水溜め用資材のパイプ又は木材の一部を取り除く，排水量はトレイの底に停滞した水が穂に触れない位置までにし，挿し穂の腐敗防止を行う。目安として敷き材の厚さの半分以下にする。
【００２４】
〔日除け工程〕
遮光は黒カンレイシャの遮光率５０％を，穂挿入直後から４〜５日間は終日行う。
【００２５】
〔朝日採光工程〕
５〜６日目頃には挿し穂の基部に発根原基が発生するので，遮光は朝日が２〜３時間入るような採光にする。その後，７〜８日目すなわち定植１日前は遮光を取り除き定植の順化を行う。
【００２６】
〔栽培方法〕
定植苗の発根長として，２〜２０ｍｍでよいが，好ましくは３〜５ｍｍである。
発根が３〜５ｍｍになる期間は，品種によって異なるが，おおむね夏期で６〜８日，冬期は８〜９日である。
定植の深さは１ｃｍ程度にして，２ｃｍを超える深植えを避け，定植後十分灌水を行う。
【００２７】
【実施例】
〔実施例１〕ジェニーとプリンス
本発明の実施例をスプレーギクの葉水育苗で説明する。
ジェニーとプリンスの２品種。
採穂のための母株栽培管理は，キクの採穂３日前から母株の灌水を控え，採穂前日に病害防除にジネブ剤の５００倍液と，害虫防除に有機燐剤１，０００倍液の散布を行った。揃った良質の若い穂を手で折りとって採穂した。挿し穂に同化養分を蓄えさせるため，午後３時に行った。
【００２８】
採穂後すぐ穂の調整を行い，調整は生頂点から４〜５ｃｍの長さで，展開葉２〜３枚つけた。
調整した挿し穂は当日に冷蔵貯蔵した，冷蔵方法は挿し穂の水分を吸収できるように穂を新聞紙等でくるみ，更にポリ袋に入れ２℃の冷蔵庫で貯蔵した。冷蔵期間は２週間にした。なお，穂冷蔵は挿し穂の確保と低温処理による発根及び伸長性の向上になる。
【００２９】
トレイ挿し当日に冷蔵庫から出庫し，挿し穂の消毒と発根処理を行った，消毒はダコニール１０００の１，０００倍液と発根処理にオキシベロン２００倍液を混合し１分間浸漬した。
育苗施設は暖房と換気が出来る電照可能なハウスで，挿し床の土台になるベンチを設置して，ベンチの上に水平な育苗床を設置し，育苗床には保湿にプラスチックフイルムを敷き，育苗トレイがシートに直接触れないようにするため，厚さ２ｃｍ程度の均一な木材等の敷き材を置いた。
【００３０】
底面に押出穴を設けた，多数のポット状苗室を一定間隔に配してなる１２８穴トレイを敷き材の上に置き，トレイの各苗室にキクの挿し穂を２本入れた。トレイ苗室に挿入する穂の深さは，挿し穂の基部がトレイの底面に届くまで挿して，挿入した穂がお互いに支えあってほぼ直立になるようになった。
挿入した穂が曲がった状態では，曲がったまま発根し定植時に植えにくく，また，定植後の灌水も難しい。
【００３１】
挿し穂の消毒後，挿し穂がやや萎れていた状態であったが，水揚げしないで挿し穂をトレイの苗室に挿入した。
挿し穂挿入後、葉面散水を行った。葉面散水は、穂挿入直後に育苗シートが濡れる程度行った。挿入２日目から５日間は１日２回午前中と午後に行った。水量は挿し穂の葉面から水が２〜３滴トレイ内部に水滴が落ちる程度の葉水を行った。その後，５日目から定植までの間は，１日１回葉から水が落ちない程度の葉水を行った。夕方葉が少々萎れていても，翌朝挿し穂の萎れが回復する程度の葉水を行った。
【００３２】
育苗期間中は電照を行った。照度は５０lx以上，日長時間１４、５時間以上にした。
発明者は黒カンレイシャの遮光率約５０％を終日遮光し，５日目に挿し穂の基部に発根原基が発生した。発根原基を確認した後，朝日が２〜３時間当たる採光した。挿し穂が若干萎れはじめたので遮光した。７日目には穂の基部に根が２〜３ｍｍ伸びたので，定植前の順化に遮光は取り除いた。
【００３３】
発根が３ｍｍ以上伸びたとき定植苗になった。実施例１では品種ジェニーで８日目，プリンスで９日目に定植苗ができた。
定植の深さを１ｃｍ程度にして，２ｃｍを超える深植えは避け，定植後は灌水を十分行った。
検体個体５０本について、発根調査及び管理の結果を表１に示す。
【００３４】
【表１】

【００３５】
〔実施例２〕輪ギク。
輪ギクの穂の挿入工程時に，貯蔵期間が４週間以上で萎れが大きいもので実施した。実施例１と同様な工程である。この場合，最初の葉水工程で回復しなかったので，底面給水工程を施した。
底面給水は，プラスチックフイルムのシート四方を，直径４〜５ｃｍの木材で給水の堰き止めをした。給水量はトレイの底面から約１ｃｍ，トレイに挿入した穂の下部から吸水させ，萎凋が回復するまで８時間実施し，その後，水溜めパイプの一部を取り除き，底面給水の大半を排水した。排水の量はトレイの底に停滞した水が，穂の基部に触れないように敷き材の厚さ半分以下にした。
【００３６】
〔実施例３〕小ギク。
実施例１と同様な工程であるが，葉水工程で，翌朝穂が萎れているときの回復措置を行った。
葉水工程で，翌朝萎れが回復しなかったので，底面給水を行った。プラスチックフイルムのシート四方を，直径４〜５ｃｍの木材で給水の堰き止めをした，給水量はトレイの底面から約１ｃｍ，トレイに挿入した穂の下部から吸水させ，萎凋が回復するまで４時間実施し，その後，水溜めパイプの一部を取り除き，底面給水の大半を排水した，排水の量はトレイの底に停滞した水が，穂の基部に触れないように敷き材の厚さ半分以下にした。
【００３７】
〔実施例４〕ソリダゴ
キク科セイダカアワダチソウ属のソリダゴの葉水育苗を説明する。
ソリダゴの葉水育苗は，採穂のための母株管理と採穂及び穂の調整を除き，実施例１と同様な工程である。
採穂のための母株栽培管理は，前年の秋露地に定植し，冬期の低温を十分与えた株を利用した。春先に草丈が伸びてもそのままにして，採穂２週間前に地際から１〜２ｃｍの位置で台刈りし，追肥を１０アール当たり窒素成分で５ｋｇ施した。
台刈り後，地際から発生した芽が節間伸長する前に採穂した。穂は蒸れやすいので，採穂は涼しい時間帯に行い，採穂後直ちに調整した。
穂の調整は，穂長４、５ｃｍにし葉先をカットした。
実施例４では１０日目に発根長が３ｍｍ伸びた。また，一芽の発根数が３〜４本であった。
【００３８】
〔実施例５〕カーネーション
ナデシコ目ナデシコ科カーネーションを葉水育苗した。
カーネーションの葉水育苗は，採穂及び穂の調整を除き，実施例１と同様な工程である。
採穂は，切り花栽培中の株で，茎の中間から発生して充実した脇芽を取った。
穂の調整は，展開葉４〜５枚，穂長約１２ｃｍにした。
挿入後１０日目に発根した。
【００３９】
〔比較例１〕
アジサイを葉水育苗した。
アジサイの葉水育苗は，穂の調整を除き，実施例１と同様な工程である。
採穂は，昨年枝の充実した先端部を取り，展開葉を２〜３枚つけた，葉が大きいので，葉先の半分はカットした。
挿入後，穂の萎凋は回復せず，７日目にはほとんど黄変落葉し枯死した。
【００４０】
〔比較例２〕
ツツジを葉水育苗した。
ツツジの葉水育苗は，穂の調整を除き，実施例１と同様な工程である。
採穂は，生長が止まり充実した枝の先端部を取り，茎長６〜７ｃｍで展開葉を４〜５枚つけた。
挿入後，穂は萎凋しなかったが，１０日目にはほとんど黄変し枯死した。
【００４１】
〔比較例３〕
ツバキを葉水育苗した。
ツバキの葉水育苗は，穂の調整を除き，実施例１と同様な工程である。
挿入後，穂は萎凋しなかったが，１０日目には枯死した。
【００４２】
〔比較例４〕
ハイビスカスを葉水育苗した。
ハイビスカスの葉水育苗は，穂の調整を除き，実施例１と同様な工程である。
採穂は，春先伸びた新芽の生長が止まり充実した枝の先端部を取り，茎長５〜６ｃｍで展開葉を１枚，未展開葉を１枚つけた。
挿入後，５日目には落葉し，１４日目には茎が褐変し枯死した。
【００４３】
〔実施例６〕品種プリンス
スプレーギク（品種プリンス、検体個体３０本平均）定植苗の発根長を，２ｍｍ，３ｍｍ，１０ｍｍ以上を本圃で比較栽培した。
スプレーギクの定植苗の発根長と生育は，表２のとおりである。
【００４４】
【表２】

２ｍｍ区は定植後の活着が悪く，定植後３０日の消灯時草丈も伸びず，生育不良だったが，３ｍｍ区以上はよかった。
スプレーギク出荷規格の上位等級は，切り花草丈８５ｃｍであり，８５ｃｍ以上の収穫には本圃の立毛で９０ｃｍ以上は必要で，２ｍｍ区９０ｃｍに達しなかった。
定植苗の発根長は，３ｍｍ以上でよいが，１ｃｍ以上の根長には育苗日数が伸び，また，定植作業に労力を要する，したがって，定植苗の根長は３〜５ｍｍが望ましい。
【００４５】
〔実施例７〕品種ユーロ
スプレーギク（品種ユーロ、検体個体１０本）の定植の深さを１ｃｍ区，２ｃｍ区で比較栽培した。
スプレーギクの定植深さの生育収穫調査は，表３のとおりである。
【００４６】
【表３】

【００４７】
定植後の初期生育，収穫時の草丈，葉数，着花数ともに１ｃｍ区が優った。また，収穫時の揃いは１ｃｍ区がよく，２ｃｍ区は草丈，着花数にバラツキが大きく不揃いであった。したがって，定植の植え付け深さは１ｃｍ程度が望ましい。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
本発明は，育苗培土が不要にでき，育苗期間が短縮でき，未経験の人でも確実に発根させることができ，さらに花卉挿し穂の葉水育苗装置およびトレイ各室挿入方法による花卉定植苗が大量に生産できる。
【００４９】
培土を用いないので，培土の種類による育苗管理の相違がなく，本発明の育苗は水管理が簡単で，均一な定植苗が大量に生産できる。
従来の培土挿し育苗では約１４日間の育苗日数を要するが，本発明は７〜９日間で定植苗ができ，無理なく年間３．５から４作になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】花卉の育苗フローチャートである。
【図２】（ａ）育苗トレイ平面図である。
（ｂ）ベンチと育苗トレイ斜視図である。
【図３】葉水育苗断面図である。
【図４】本発明の葉水育苗と慣行トレイ育苗の拡大断面図である。
【図５】定植苗断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１１ベンチ
１２プラスチックフイルム
１３トレイ
１４敷き材，厚さ約２ｃｍの木材等
１５直径４〜５ｃｍのパイプ及び木材等，底面給水の水溜め
１６トレイ室
１７給水[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a method for raising florets and a method for cultivating florets.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional chrysanthemum cultivation seedlings are cut from the parent strain, and the cuttings are adjusted to a stem length of 4 to 5 cm and 2 to 3 leaves.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-343341 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1), “No. 0002”, “Chrysanthemum for cut flowers is cut from a parent strain, inserted into a nursery bed, and after rooting appropriately, The method of raising seedlings is described in Patent Document 1 (0004), which is a flexible structure in which a large number of pot-shaped seedling chambers having extrusion holes on the bottom surface are arranged at regular intervals. There is a description of "adding soil in each nursery room of the sex seedling frame and inserting one root into each nursery room and rooting."
[0003]
There are two types of cultivated soil: home-made cultivated soil and commercially available cultivated soil. Home-grown cultivated soil includes river sand, kanuma soil, mountain soil and mullet, or a mixture of several commercially purchased cultivated soils. Seedlings are made on the ground, bench floor, and box, and one seed is inserted every few centimeters. Cut the cuttings after landing. On page 26 of Agricultural and Horticultural Editorial Department, New Technology Chrysanthemum of Cut Flower Cultivation (hereinafter referred to as Non-Patent Document 1), “Things that withered by refrigeration are landed for 2-3 hours until they become pinned”. .
[0004]
There is a special soil for purchasing chrysanthemum, and it is mainly used for tray raising, and the chrysanthemum raising tray uses 128 holes or 200 holes. One tray is inserted into one hole, that is, one room, and managed on a nursery bench.
[0005]
For the seedling management after cutting, cover the cut floor and tray with Kanreisha etc. to avoid direct light and prevent wilting. Irrigation is usually performed twice a day in the morning and morning, depending on the type of soil, and becomes a fixed seedling about 2 weeks after cutting.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 06-343341 (0002,0004)
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Funakoshi Katsura City, New Technology of Cut Flower Cultivation, Volume 1, Agriculture and Horticultural Editorial Department, February 1999, page 26.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, river sand, mullet, kanuma soil, and mountain soil, which are self-created cultivated soils, have difficulty in obtaining materials and management of seedlings varies depending on the cultivated soil type. In addition, materials containing river sand, mullet, kanuma soil, mountain soil, etc. are also used, but if the material composition cannot be made homogeneous, uneven growth may occur or the irrigation method may vary depending on the soil material. There's a problem.
[0008]
Commercially-cultivated soil is easy to produce a large amount of uniform seedlings, but has the problem of high production costs.
The present invention eliminates the need for this seedling cultivation soil, shortens the seedling growth period, enables even an inexperienced person to reliably root, and further uses the flower watering seedling device and the tray chamber insertion method. The purpose is to provide regular seedlings.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research, the inventor of the present application reliably eliminates the lack of moisture in the tissue of the cutting head without properly performing temperature control and humidity control, and even an inexperienced person reliably roots. For this purpose, the cuttings are refrigerated, inserted into uncultivated soil trays, and are not landed, but are inserted with leaf water to give high humidity to the bottom of the ears, promote rooting, light the morning sun, and insert the ears. The invention was completed by wilt and promoting root growth, and the above problems were solved. That is,
[0010]
The florets referred to in the present invention are asteraceae, which are asteraceae, and include genus Chrysanthemum, Calendula, burdock, Stevia, Seida genus, safflower, and mugwort. Family, Nadesicoaceae, including Osilobana and carnation.
[0011]
The method for raising florets of the present invention comprises a spiked ear comprising a pan refrigeration step, an insertion step, a leaf water step, a awning step, and an Asahi daylighting step. The method for raising florets of the floret in which the inserting step includes a bottom surface water supplying step is also included in the present invention.
The method for cultivating flower buds of the present invention is to plant and manage adult seedlings obtained by the seedling raising method of the present invention. The mature seedling may be a method for cultivating flower buds having a rooting length of 2 to 20 mm, preferably 3 to 5 mm.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a chrysanthemum seedling flow chart comprising the ear refrigeration process, the insertion process, the leaf water process, the awning process, and the Asahi daylighting process, which is a method for raising florets of the present invention.
[0013]
[Ho refrigeration process]
The head is picked between 3:00 pm and 5:00 pm, and the head is adjusted immediately after picking, and the adjustment is 4 to 5 cm from the raw top, and 2 to 3 unfolded leaves are attached.
The adjusted cuttings are stored refrigerated. The method of refrigeration is to wrap the ears with newspaper etc. so that the moisture of the cuttings can be absorbed, and then put them in a plastic bag and store them in a refrigerator at 2 ° C. The refrigeration period may be 1 week to 4 weeks. In addition, refrigeration of the ears improves the rooting and elongation by securing the cuttings and low-temperature treatment.
[0014]
On the day of insertion into the tray, the product was removed from the refrigerator, and the cutting head was disinfected and rooted. To disinfect, 1,000 times the solution of Daconyl 1000 and 200 times the solution of oxyberon were mixed for rooting and immersed for 1 minute.
[0015]
[Insertion process]
The seedling bench and tray are shown in a seedling tray plan view (a) and a bench and seedling perspective view (b) in FIG.
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the leaf water raising seedling of the example of the present invention.
The nursery facility is an electrically-powered house that can be heated and ventilated. A bench that serves as the foundation of the insertion floor is installed, a horizontal nursery bed is installed on the bench (11), and a plastic film (12) is placed on it. In order to prevent moisture retention and water leakage, and to prevent the seedling tray (13) from touching the sheet directly, lay a sheet of uniform wood or other material (14) about 2 cm thick. Place a 4-5 cm pipe or wood (15) and install it for the bottom water supply and drainage control.
[0016]
Place the seedling tray on the sheet, but do not let the bottom surface of the seedling tray touch the sheet directly. Therefore, place a uniform covering material such as uniform wood of about 2cm in thickness and make the upper part of this layer approximately horizontal. If it is not horizontal, place a piece of wood under the flooring and adjust it horizontally.
[0017]
Place a tray with a lot of pot-shaped seedling chambers arranged at regular intervals on the flooring material adjusted horizontally and provided with extrusion holes on the bottom. The shape of the tray is preferably 2 to 4 cm in the upper diameter of one chamber and 4 cm in depth, which is a 128-hole or 200-hole tray generally used for chrysanthemum seedlings.
[0018]
Insert one to several chrysanthemum into each nursery of the tray. When multiple inserts are made, align the bases of the ears and insert them together. Insert the ears until the base of the ears reaches the bottom of the tray.
[0019]
The number of spikes to be inserted in each seedling room of the tray is determined so that the spikes are supported almost straight so that they do not become diagonal when inserted into the tray, so that they are almost upright.
Therefore, in the case of 128 holes or 200 holes, the standard number of insertions is 1 for large leaves with large leaves and 2 to 3 for sprays. In addition, the above number is inserted to maintain the humidity of the base of the head and promote rooting. If there are a large number of inserts in one room, ventilation and lighting will be bad and it will be easy to rot. In addition, the seedlings with bent ears are difficult to be planted and irrigated after planting.
[0020]
The use of the seedling tray in the present invention is convenient for mass production, the seedling tray is easy to use and has a low price, and the depth of the tray room is 4 cm and the ear stands almost vertically, When planted, the stems of the seedlings are not bent and are easy to plant vertically.
[0021]
[Leaf water process]
The temperature of the nursery bed is maintained at 10 to 35 ° C, preferably 15 ° C or more and 25 ° C or less.
During the seedling period, light and light should be shielded. The light should have an illuminance of 50 to 100 lx or more and a day length of 14.5 to 20 hours.
The method of leaf water is to wet the sheet immediately after insertion, and for 4 to 5 days from the second day of insertion, 1 to 2 times a day in the morning and afternoon, the amount of water spills 2-3 drops of water from the surface of the ear. Do as much as possible. After that, until the planting is done once a day in the morning, the leaf water is applied so that water does not fall from the leaf surface of the ear.
[0022]
During the fountain period, the fountain is deflated slightly in the evening, but the fountain should be recovered the next morning. Although the ears are slightly wilted in the evening, the amount of leaf water that recovers from the wilt of the next morning is well rooted, and the amount of leaf water that does not wilt at all in the evening is delayed in rooting.
[0023]
Immediately after inserting the ears into the tray chamber or in the fountain process, water is supplied from the bottom when the ears are deflated. The water supply method is to surround the four sides of the water reservoir sheet with pipes or wood having a diameter of 4 to 5 cm, and the amount of water is in the tray. About 1 cm from the bottom of the water, water for several hours to recover the ear wrinkle, then drain. The drainage method is to remove a part of the pipe or wood of the reservoir material, and the amount of drainage should be such that the water stagnated at the bottom of the tray does not touch the ears to prevent the spears from decaying. As a guide, make it less than half the thickness of the laying material.
[0024]
[Awning process]
Shading is performed throughout the day for 4 to 5 days immediately after the insertion of the ear, with a shading ratio of black Kanreisha 50%.
[0025]
[Asahi daylighting process]
Since the root primordium occurs at the base of the cutting head around the 5th to 6th day, the shading should be performed so that the morning sun enters for 2 to 3 hours. Thereafter, on the 7th to 8th day, that is, one day before the planting, the shading is removed and the planting is acclimated.
[0026]
[Cultivation method]
The rooting length of the planted seedling may be 2 to 20 mm, but preferably 3 to 5 mm.
The period of rooting 3 to 5 mm varies depending on the variety, but is generally 6 to 8 days in summer and 8 to 9 days in winter.
The depth of planting should be about 1 cm, avoid deep planting exceeding 2 cm, and perform sufficient irrigation after planting.
[0027]
【Example】
[Example 1] Jennie and Prince An example of the present invention will be described using leaf water raising seedlings.
Two varieties, Jenny and Prince.
As for the cultivation management of the mother stock for the harvesting, the irrigation of the mother stock is refrained from 3 days before picking chrysanthemum, 500 days of the Geneva solution for controlling the disease the day before the harvesting, and 1,000 times the organic phosphorus agent for controlling the insect pest. The liquid was sprayed. A good quality young ear was collected and collected by hand. I went at 3pm to store the assimilation nutrients in the cuttings.
[0028]
The ears were adjusted immediately after harvesting, and the adjustment was 4 to 5 cm from the raw top, and 2 to 3 spread leaves were attached.
The adjusted cuttings were stored refrigerated on the day, and in the refrigeration method, the ears were wrapped with newspaper to absorb the moisture of the cuttings, and further put in a plastic bag and stored in a refrigerator at 2 ° C. The refrigeration period was 2 weeks. In addition, chilled storage improves rooting and elongation by securing cuttings and low-temperature treatment.
[0029]
The tray was removed from the refrigerator on the day of tray insertion, and the cutting head was disinfected and rooted. The disinfection was performed by mixing 1,000 times of the solution of Daconil 1000 and 200 times of oxyberon into the rooting treatment and soaking for 1 minute.
The nursery facility is an electrically-powered house that can be heated and ventilated. A bench that serves as the foundation of the floor is installed, a horizontal nursery bed is installed on the bench, and a plastic film is placed on the nursery bed for moisture retention. In order to prevent the seedling tray from touching the sheet directly, a laying material such as uniform wood having a thickness of about 2 cm was placed.
[0030]
A 128-hole tray with a large number of pot-shaped seedling chambers arranged at regular intervals on the bottom surface was placed on the laying material, and two chrysanthemum spikelets were placed in each seedling chamber of the tray. The depth of the ear to be inserted into the tray seedling room was inserted until the base of the insertion ear reached the bottom of the tray, and the inserted ears supported each other and became almost upright.
When the inserted ear is bent, it is rooted while bent and is difficult to plant at the time of planting, and irrigation after planting is also difficult.
[0031]
After the cuttings were disinfected, the cuttings were slightly deflated, but the cuttings were inserted into the tray nursery without landing.
After inserting the cuttings, foliage was sprayed. The foliar sprinkling was performed so that the seedling sheet was wet immediately after the insertion of the ear. From the 2nd day of the insertion, it was performed twice a day in the morning and afternoon for 5 days. As for the amount of water, leaf water was dropped from the leaf surface of the inserted ear to the inside of the tray with 2 to 3 drops of water. Then, from the 5th day to the fixed planting, leaf water was applied once a day so that water did not fall from the leaves. Even if the leaves in the evening were slightly deflated, the fountain was treated to the extent that the wilt of the cuttings was recovered the next morning.
[0032]
Lighting was performed during the seedling raising period. The illuminance was 50 lx or more, and the day length was 14 or 5 hours or more.
The inventor shielded the black shareisha with a shading rate of about 50% throughout the day, and on the fifth day, the rooting primordium was generated at the base of the ear. After confirming the primordial primordium, the sunlight was collected for 2-3 hours. Since the cuttings began to slightly shatter, they were shielded from light. On the 7th day, the roots grew 2 to 3 mm at the base of the ear, so the shading was removed for acclimatization before planting.
[0033]
When the rooting was extended by 3 mm or more, it became a fixed seedling. In Example 1, planted seedlings were established on the 8th day for the cultivar Jenny and on the 9th day for the Prince.
The depth of the fixed planting was set to about 1 cm, deep planting exceeding 2 cm was avoided, and sufficient watering was performed after the planting.
Table 1 shows the results of rooting investigation and management for 50 specimens.
[0034]
[Table 1]

[0035]
[Example 2] A ring-shaped ring.
During the insertion process of the hornbill ear, the storage period was over 4 weeks and the wrinkle was large. This is the same process as in Example 1. In this case, the bottom irrigation process did not recover, so a bottom water supply process was performed.
For the bottom water supply, we dammed the water supply with 4 to 5 cm diameter wood on all sides of the plastic film sheet. The amount of water supply was about 1 cm from the bottom of the tray, water was absorbed from the bottom of the ears inserted into the tray, and it was carried out for 8 hours until wilting was recovered. Thereafter, a part of the water storage pipe was removed, and most of the bottom surface water supply was drained. The amount of drainage was less than half the thickness of the laying material so that the water stagnated at the bottom of the tray did not touch the base of the ear.
[0036]
[Example 3] Small chrysanthemum.
Although it was the same process as Example 1, the recovery | restoration measure when the earphone was wilt the next morning in the fountain process was performed.
In the fountain process, wilting did not recover the next morning, so water was supplied to the bottom. The four sides of the plastic film were dammed with 4 to 5 cm diameter wood, and the amount of water supply was about 1 cm from the bottom of the tray. Water was absorbed from the bottom of the ears inserted in the tray, and was carried out for 4 hours until wilting was restored. After that, a part of the reservoir pipe was removed and most of the bottom water supply was drained. The amount of drainage was less than half the thickness of the laying material so that the water stagnated at the bottom of the tray did not touch the base of the ear. did.
[0037]
[Example 4] A leaf water breeding seedling of the genus Soraliaceae is described.
Solid water leaf water seedling is the same process as in Example 1 except for the management of the mother stock for harvesting and the adjustment of the harvesting and ear.
For the cultivation of the mother stock for harvesting, we used a plant that had been planted in the autumn field in the previous year and given sufficient winter low temperature. Even if the plant height grew in early spring, the plant was cut at a position of 1 to 2 cm from the ground 2 weeks before harvesting, and topdressing was applied with 5 kg of nitrogen component per 10 ares.
After pruning, the shoots from the ground were collected before internode elongation. Since the ears were easily muggy, the ears were collected in a cool time and adjusted immediately after the ears were collected.
The ears were adjusted to 4 and 5 cm ear length and the leaf tips were cut.
In Example 4, the root length increased by 3 mm on the 10th day. In addition, the number of roots per bud was 3-4.
[0038]
[Example 5] A carnation dianthus carpaceae carnation was nurtured with leaf water.
Carnation leaf water seedling is the same process as Example 1 except for harvesting and adjustment of ears.
The harvesting was a plant that was cultivated with cut flowers.
The adjustment of the ears was 4 to 5 spread leaves and the ear length was about 12 cm.
Rooted 10 days after insertion.
[0039]
[Comparative Example 1]
Hydrangea was nurtured with leaf water.
Hydrangea leaf water raising seedlings are the same process as Example 1 except adjustment of a spike.
We picked the full tip of the branch last year and added 2 to 3 unfolded leaves, so the leaves were large, so half of the leaf tips were cut.
After insertion, the wilting of the ears did not recover, and on the 7th day, the leaves almost died of yellowing and died.
[0040]
[Comparative Example 2]
Azaleas were nurtured with leaf water.
Azalea leaf water seedling is the same process as Example 1 except for adjustment of ear.
The ear picking took the tip of a branch that had stopped growing and had 4 to 5 unfolded leaves with a stem length of 6 to 7 cm.
After insertion, the ear did not wilt, but on the 10th day it almost turned yellow and died.
[0041]
[Comparative Example 3]
Camellia was planted with leaf water.
Camellia leaf water seedling is the same process as Example 1 except adjustment of a spike.
The ear did not wilt after insertion, but died on the 10th day.
[0042]
[Comparative Example 4]
Hibiscus was nurtured with leaf water.
Hibiscus leaf water seedling is the same process as in Example 1 except for the adjustment of the ear.
The ears were picked from the end of the branch where the growth of new shoots that had grown in early spring was stopped, with a stem length of 5-6 cm, and one unfolded leaf and one undeveloped leaf.
After the insertion, the leaves fell on the 5th day, and on the 14th day, the stem browned and died.
[0043]
[Example 6] Variety Prince spray gypsum (variety Prince, specimen specimen average 30) The rooting length of the fixed seedlings was comparatively cultivated at 2 mm, 3 mm, 10 mm or more in this field.
Table 2 shows the rooting length and growth of spray planted seedlings.
[0044]
[Table 2]

The 2mm ward was poorly settled after planting, and the plant height did not increase when the lights were turned off 30 days after planting.
The higher grade of the spray giku shipping standard is cut flower plant height of 85 cm, and for harvesting more than 85 cm, more than 90 cm is required for napping in this field, and it did not reach 90 cm in the 2 mm section.
The rooting length of the fixed seedlings may be 3 mm or more. However, the root length of 1 cm or more increases the number of seedling raising days and requires labor for the planting work. Therefore, the root length of the fixed seedlings is preferably 3 to 5 mm.
[0045]
[Example 7] Cultivar Eurospray varieties (variety Euro, 10 specimen individuals) were planted for comparative cultivation in 1 cm and 2 cm sections.
Table 3 shows the growth and harvest survey of the spray planting depth.
[0046]
[Table 3]

[0047]
The initial growth after planting, the plant height at harvest, the number of leaves, and the number of flowering were better in the 1 cm section. In addition, the 1cm section was good at the time of harvesting, and the 2cm section had a large variation in plant height and number of flowers. Therefore, the planting depth is preferably about 1 cm.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention eliminates the need for raising seedlings, shortens the seedling growth period, enables even inexperienced people to reliably root, and further establishes flower planting seedlings by means of a leaf water seedling raising device and a tray room insertion method. Can be produced in large quantities.
[0049]
Since no soil is used, there is no difference in seedling management depending on the type of soil, and the seedlings of the present invention are easy to manage water and can produce a large amount of uniform fixed seedlings.
Conventional cultivated seedling seedlings require about 14 days of seedling growth, but in the present invention, regular seedlings can be planted in 7 to 9 days, and the number of plants grows from 3.5 to 4 per year without difficulty.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of flower seedling raising.
FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of a seedling tray.
(B) It is a perspective view of a bench and a seedling tray.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a leaf water breeding seedling.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of leaf water seedlings and conventional tray seedlings according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a fixed planting seedling.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Bench 12 Plastic film 13 Tray 14 Laying material, about 2 cm thick wood, etc. 15 4-5 cm diameter pipe and wood, etc. Bottom water reservoir 16 Tray room 17 Water supply

Claims

This is a method for raising flower buds of Coleoptera and Nadesico without using seedling culture soil. The ears are adjusted immediately after harvesting, and the cuttings are secured by low-temperature treatment, and the rooting and elongation are improved. 1 to 5 cuttings that have undergone disinfection and rooting treatment through the refrigeration process, and the insertion process is performed until the base of the cuttings reaches the bottom of the tray, and the base of the cuttings touches the water directly. In the absence of water, we perform leaf water so that the bottom surface gets wet immediately after insertion, and during 2-5 days of insertion, we perform leaf water so that 2-3 drops of water spill from the leaf surface of the ear in the morning and afternoon, and until planting KYOKYO characterized by performing leaf water in the morning so that water does not fall from the surface of the ears once a day, causing it to deflate in the evening, and repeating the fountain process to recover the ear wilt at night Seedling method for flowering buds of eyes and nadesico eyes.

2. The bottom surface water supply step of placing the bottom surface of the tray in a position where it does not come into contact with water during the day after the inserting step, maintaining the humidity of the base of the inserted ear and recovering the wilting of the ear that has withered in the evening. For raising seedlings of flowering berries and urchins.

The method for raising a flower bud of the asteraceae and Nadesico, according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the asteraceae is Asteraceae.

The method for cultivating flower buds of Coleoptera and Nadesico , according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an adult seedling having a root length of 2 to 20 mm is planted and managed.