Bederoefolium cultivation mode, basin plant Cultivating techniques and its more summer wintering method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation technique of ornamental plant, specifically a kind of bederoefolium cultivation mode,
Basin strain Cultivating techniques and its more summer wintering method.
Background technology
The cyclamen of country flowers market is mainly Persian cyclamen at present(Cyclame persium), be divided into it is big or middle,
Small flower variety, is generally listed after the cultivation of 9-15 months in greenhouse as annual flower during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival.Mediterranean is celestial
Visitor comes(Cyclamen hederifolium)The ground such as Appennin sausage, France, Greece, Turkey, its flower-shape is peculiar, Ye Wenliang
Beautiful and variation very abundant, flower amount is big, and spring and autumn is bloomed, compared with the Persian cyclamen on domestic market, with higher
Ornamental value and application value.Abroad, such as Holland, Britain, France, state of Italy, due to its weather bar cool in summer and warm in winter
Part, bederoefolium is substantially carried out nursing young plants in hothouses and is in wild state with land cultivation, most cultivated form, is available for business to use
Cultivar seldom, more lack system can be used for commercialized cultivation technique and cultivation mode, due to it is domestic for a long time
Enough understanding is lacked to cyclamen hybridization Juvenile stage, breeding and apolegamy, causes domestic cyclamen breeding level far to lag behind
Foreign countries, therefore occur in that the situation that external F1 cenospecies rules all the land on flowers market at home.
Bederoefolium is the good material for cultivating new, strange, special cyclamen farther out with Persian cyclamen affiliation,
There is larger market development potential in China.Bederoefolium is introduced after China's Shijiazhuang City, due to Hebei Province and original
There is very big difference in place of production weather condition, the person of introducing a fine variety have passed through 5-6 cultivation domestication, select the ground of suitable China's application
Middle extra large cyclamen cultivated form, but the country there is no the cultivation technique and pattern of bederoefolium at present, it is celestial by traditional Persian
Visitor can be very different to cultivate on production cost and Time To Market, it is impossible to apply mechanically.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of bederoefolium cultivation mode, while providing a kind of its basin strain cultivates skill
Summer wintering method is got in art and basin strain, to solve the commercialization cultivation that prior art is not suitable for bederoefolium kind, and
It is difficult to get over the summer well the problem of surviving the winter during perennial plant cultivating.
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of bederoefolium cultivation mode, it is specifically included
The seed of bederoefolium is sowed, then after nursery of germinateing, by seedling replanting and conserved, by part after maintenance
Basin seedling is listed, and remaining basin seedling and production of hybrid seeds maternal plant get over the summer in protecting field;Listed after basin seedling of the part after the more summer is cultivated, remaining warp
Basin seedling more after the summer continues to survive the winter in protecting field after cultivating, and the biennial plant after surviving the winter lists or is elected to be excellent maternal plant and continues
Cultivate.
Present invention also offers a kind of bederoefolium basin strain Cultivating techniques and its more summer wintering method, the strain of its basin is cultivated
Technology specifically includes following steps:
A, seed treatment:The seed of bederoefolium is first soaked 24 hours in 25-35 DEG C of warm water, Ran Hou
Being taken out after being soaked 1 hour in 1000 times of carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, then draining moisture after being rinsed through clear water can wait to broadcast;
B, sowing:The special seedling medium of cyclamen is fitted into hole tray or square position, sowing before noon is with porous nozzle by base
Matter spray is permeable, after not dripped after bottom, extrudes the groove of 0.4-0.6 centimetres of depth in matrix with pressure orifice plate, after step a processing
Seed point be multicast in groove, after program request in time with sieve cover 0.3-0.5 cm thicks matrix, will cover base with mist shower nozzle
Matter is moved into growing floor or controllable greenhouse after squirting;
C, after planting manage:The temperature of growing floor or controllable greenhouse is maintained at 15-20 DEG C, humid control more than 95%, and
Keep full dark state;For the greenhouse without dark conditions, done on seed plate and black plastic cloth covered on an arch support, support,
Built-in maximum and minimum thermometer, psychrometer, ordinary temperature meter carry out the monitoring of germination condition, and different time is checked daily
Air Temperature, humidity condition and soil humidity situation, are improved to the optimum germination condition of cyclamen in time;Observed after 20-25 days
Germination, when seed unearthed rate in 50%-60%, cotyledon length at 1-3 centimetres when, the seed plate in growing floor is moved to can
Seedling period management is carried out in temperature-controlling chamber;For originally in the seed plate in greenhouse, now changing black plastic cloth into white plastic cloth and carrying out children
Seedling management;
D, seedling period management:White plastic cloth is covered on controllable greenhouse, temperature, which is maintained at after 15-25 DEG C, 30-40 days, observes hair
Bud situation, when seed is unearthed rate in 80%-90%, removes white plastic cloth, before 1 true leaf is formed, air humidity should be higher than that
Situation is observed after 95%, 40-50 days, after full stand is gone out or 2-3 piece true leaves are grown, humid control is in 85%-90%;When 1-2 piece true leaves
800-1000 times of potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate are sprayed after growing, 3-5 days once, and 3-4 piece true leaves are transplanted after growing;
E, upper basin:Upper basin program is:Dress soil-upper seed plate-transplant-waters, and transplants the last fortnight seed plate and proceeds by control
During carrying out two weeks slow seedlings, slow seedling after basin in water, transplanting, humid control is protected in 75-85%, and sunshade, and illumination control exists
Within 15000Lux, and with carbendazim and agricultural streptomycin mixed solution pouring root 1-2 times, consumption is not too big, to be impregnated with basin
2/3 matrix is preferably.Slow seedling is topdressed after two weeks, N:P:K ratios are 1:0.7:2 is more suitable, and EC values are controlled in 1.2-1.5;
F, environmental Kuznets Curves:The basin seedling maintenance stage keeps environment temperature at 15-24 DEG C, and illumination is in 25000-45000Lux and protects
Good ventilation is held, after 4-5 piece true leaves are grown, air humidity is between 75-85%;More than 6 true leaves, air humidity is maintained
65-85%;Whole cultivating process keep matrix see it is dry see wet, accomplish to parch irrigating when watering, fertilizer type selection is adapted to cyclamen
The dedicated fertilizer of each growth phase, such as flower the more, grass friend, Mei Wo, spend intact commercial fertilizer.
The cultivating process of chemical control in to(for) samping off is sprayed using 85% metalaxyl pulvis, 1000 times of liquid, 50% it is vertical withered
Net 900 times of liquid of pulvis are sprayed or 72% Puli gram aqua, 800 times of liquid are sprayed;For damping-off chemical control using 50% it is vertical withered
Net 900 times of liquid of pulvis are sprayed.
Bederoefolium basin strain provided by the present invention gets over summer wintering method and specifically includes following steps:
A, protecting field foundation:South-north direction is set to protect canopy in protecting field, canopy skeleton is built up with timber or bamboo material, top
It is made arch of bamboo chip, ceiling covered rearing with plastic film, canopy both sides set ventilating opening at 1-1.5 meters from the ground, and canopy two ends set activity
Ground is laid and gutter is set outside 5-10 centimetres of river sand, canopy in opening, canopy, and ceiling sets up movable shade net;
B, protecting field get over summer field management reason:Basin strain is moved into before protecting field, and protecting field is carried out disinfection, thimerosal using carbendazim or
White bacterium is sprayed clearly, while carrying out ground spray sterilization with liquor potassic permanganate;Basin bottom part pad frame when basin strain is moved into, more summer field management are managed
When in canopy carry out watering cooling, ventilating opening is fully open during high temperature, and fine day 9 pulls on shade net when 17;Water and adhere to doing
The principle irrigated thoroughly, combines watering, fertilizing once every one to two week, a pre- disease prevention of agricultural chemicals was sprayed every 25-35 days, every
The insecticide of spray in 10-20 days, such as finds thrips harm, as needed spray thrips special-purpose insecticide;
C, protecting field overwinter management:Excellent production of hybrid seeds maternal plant is moved into greenhouse, remaining individual plant carries out protecting field and survived the winter.Protecting field
Surviving the winter has two ways:One is that ground bottom is filled with enough water, arch is made of bamboo pole in basin strain by every plant of basin strain landing close-packed arrays
Frame, one layer of plastic cloth of bow member overlying, plastic cloth bottom is lived with soil pressure, and stays 2-4 ventilating opening, and protecting field ceiling is covered for 24 hours
Shade net;Two be to select the leeward location sheltered from heat or light to dig in protecting field to heel in hole, and hole is deep 70-90 centimetres, after digging well, is filled with enough bottom
Water, the basin strain that will be survived the winter is arranged closely in hole, and top is covered with plastic cloth, stays 2-3 ventilating opening, in night or low temperature
Twelfth month, ventilating opening is closed.
The invention provides the cultivation mode and cultivation technique available for commercialized bederoefolium of set of system,
The large-scale commercial that land cultivation is not suitable for bederoefolium is cultivated, and the present invention is by setting up easy protecting field and building
Related management method is found, the strain of bederoefolium basin is efficiently solved and gets over the related problem that the summer survives the winter in China, to neatly
Meet the market requirement there is provided reliable guarantee, be easy to commercialization to promote, it is many that the present invention can cultivate bederoefolium well
Year raw plant, while implementing that the required production cost of the present invention is relatively low, setting up and managing for protecting field is relatively simple, more traditional greenhouse
Cultivation has a clear superiority, and promotes quick application of the bederoefolium in China.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of bederoefolium cultivation mode in the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of bederoefolium cultivation mode, as shown in figure 1, its detailed process is that Mediterranean is celestial
The seed that visitor comes is sowed in 288 hole trays, then after nursery of germinateing, will be supported in seedling replanting to flowerpot or 50 hole trays
Shield, is all transplanted into flowerpot after maintenance, part basin seedling is listed, remaining basin seedling and production of hybrid seeds maternal plant get over the summer in protecting field;It
Listed after basin seedling of the part after the more summer is cultivated afterwards, remaining basin seedling after the more summer continues to survive the winter in protecting field after cultivating, will
Biennial plant after surviving the winter lists or is elected to be excellent maternal plant and continues to cultivate.
Present invention also offers a kind of bederoefolium basin strain Cultivating techniques and its more summer wintering method, Mediterranean is selected
Fast, early type of blooming is shaped in cyclamen, is generally sowed in the 9-12 months, by the fast culture of 5-8 months, the month in next year 2-6
Listing is sold.It is as follows that its Cultivating techniques is illustrated by taking the strain of small crown diameter basin as an example:
A, seed treatment:The seed of bederoefolium is first soaked 24 hours in 25-35 DEG C of warm water, Ran Hou
Being taken out after being soaked 1 hour in 1000 times of carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, then draining moisture after being rinsed through clear water can wait to broadcast;
B, sowing:The special seedling medium of cyclamen is loaded into 288 hole trays, matrix is sprayed saturating by sowing before noon with porous nozzle
Water, after not dripped after bottom, the groove of 0.5 centimetre of depth is extruded with pressure orifice plate in matrix, by the seed program request after step a processing
Into groove, the matrix of 0.3-0.5 cm thicks is covered after program request with sieve in time, will be covered after matrix is squirted and moved with mist shower nozzle
Enter in growing floor;
C, after planting manage:Germination room temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C or so, less than 15 DEG C or higher than 20 DEG C germination percentages can drop
Low, humid control keeps full dark state more than 95%, when seed unearthed rate in 50%-60%, cotyledon length at 1-3 lis
Meter Shi, progress seedling period management in controllable greenhouse is moved to by the seed plate in growing floor;
D, seedling period management:White plastic cloth is covered on controllable greenhouse, temperature, which is maintained at after 15-25 DEG C, 30-40 days, observes hair
Bud situation, when seed is unearthed rate in 80%-90%, removes white plastic cloth, situation is observed after 40-50 days, after full stand is gone out, humidity
Control sprays 800-1000 times of potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate, 3-5 days once, 3-4 piece true leaves in 85%-90% after 1-2 piece true leaves are grown
Transplanted after growing.
E, upper basin:Using 6.5 × 6.5 centimetres of red plastic flowerpot effects preferably, upper basin program is:Dress soil-upper seedling
Disk-transplant-water, transplants the last fortnight seed plate and proceeds by control water, transplantings after basin during two weeks slow seedlings of progress, slow seedling, wet
Degree control is protected in 75-85%, and sunshade, and illumination is controlled within 15000Lux, and agricultural with 1000 times of carbendazim+300ppm
Streptomysin pouring root 1-2 times, consumption is not too big, to be impregnated with basin preferably 2/3 matrix;Slow seedling is topdressed after two weeks, N:P:K ratios
1:0.7:2 is more suitable, and EC values are controlled in 1.2-1.5;
F, environmental Kuznets Curves:The basin seedling maintenance stage keeps environment temperature at 15-24 DEG C, and illumination is in 25000-45000Lux and protects
Good ventilation is held, before 1 true leaf is formed, air humidity should be higher than that 95%;2-3 piece true leaves grow rear humidity in 85%-90%;4-5
After piece true leaf is grown, air humidity is between 75-85%;More than 6 true leaves, air humidity maintains 65-85%;Entirely cultivated
Journey keep matrix see it is dry see wet, accomplish to parch irrigating when watering, fertilizer type selection is adapted to the special of cyclamen each growth phase
With fertilizer, such as flower the more, grass friend, Mei Wo, spend intact commercial fertilizer.
Samping off mostly occurred in hole tray seedling stage, using the external peat that permeability is good and sterile during nursery, strengthened simultaneously
It is aeration-cooling, suitable humidity is controlled, to check the growth feelings of Plug seedling after preventing the generation of samping off, cotyledon to be unearthed daily
Condition, is removed, and carry out chemical control, the medicament generally used has 85% in time once occurring such a disease with sterilized tool holder
1000 times of liquid of metalaxyl pulvis are sprayed, 50% vertical withered net 900 times of liquid of pulvis are sprayed or 72% Puli gram aqua, 800 times of liquid are sprayed.
Damping-off main harm Plug seedling, chemical control is sprayed using 50% vertical withered net 900 times of liquid of pulvis.
Bederoefolium basin strain provided by the present invention gets over summer wintering method and specifically includes following steps:
A, protecting field foundation:Protection canopy is set in protecting field, canopy skeleton can be built up with timber or bamboo material, top bamboo chip
Arch is built up, canopy height, width and length are optionally and depending on place, and to make uniform illumination in canopy, canopy south-north direction, full canopy is used
Covered rearing with plastic film, canopy two ends set active open, and canopy both sides set ventilating opening at about one meter from the ground;Ground spreads 5-10 centimetres in canopy
River sand, is conducive to infiltration, and the outer surrounding of canopy sets gutter, and ceiling sets up movable shade net;
B, protecting field get over summer field management reason:Basin strain is moved into protecting field by 5 the end of month, and basin strain moves into before protecting field, protecting field is carried out
Sterilization, thimerosal is sprayed clearly using 1000 times of carbendazim or white bacterium, while carrying out ground spray with 0.3wt% liquor potassic permanganates
Sterilization;Basin bottom part pad frame when basin strain is moved into, sprinkles water to ground in canopy, to improve humidity in canopy, high temperature daily when more summer field management is managed
When ventilating opening it is fully open, fine day 9 pulls on shade net when 17;Water the principle adhered to parching and irrigated, combined every 10 days
Watering, fertilizing once, goes out pre- disease prevention every the eubacteria speed of spray in 30 days, a methylamine phosphorus pesticide was sprayed every 14 days, is such as sent out
Existing thrips harm, sprays thrips special-purpose insecticide as needed;
C, protecting field overwinter management:At the beginning of 11 months, excellent production of hybrid seeds maternal plant is moved into greenhouse, remaining individual plant carries out protecting field and got over
Winter.Protecting field, which is survived the winter, two ways:One is that by every plant of basin strain landing close-packed arrays, soil humidity is moderate in basin, ground bottom
Water is filled with enough, bow member is made of bamboo pole in basin strain, one layer of plastic cloth of bow member overlying, plastic cloth bottom is lived with soil pressure, and stay 2-4
Ventilating opening, outer layer protection according to temperature variations proper ventilation, 24 hours covering shade nets of protecting field ceiling;Two be to protect
Select the leeward location sheltered from heat or light to dig in shield ground and heels in hole, hole is deep 80 centimetres, after digging well, is filled with enough bottom water, the basin strain that will be survived the winter is tight
Solid matter is listed in hole, and top is covered with plastic cloth, stays 2-3 ventilating opening, and the humiture heeled in hole is adjusted by divulging information,
Night or twelfth month of low temperature, ventilating opening is closed.
Embodiment 1:In mid-November, 2013 sows 3 different types of bederoefolium with 288 hole trays, after about 3 months,
Nursery stock all sprouts and covered with hole tray, the flowerpot for moving into 6.5 × 6.5 centimetres, continues to conserve about 2 months in flowerpot, plant type is richer
List marketing when full.
Embodiment 2:5 the end of month in 2015,1500 plants of bederoefolium one year seedlings and the raw production of hybrid seeds maternal plants of 2-5 are moved into
Protecting field, carries out getting over summer field management reason, all potted flowers and the equal over summering of production of hybrid seeds maternal plant according to above-mentioned technology, does not occur yellow leaf, fallen leaves
Etc. phenomenon, not by pest and disease damage.
Embodiment 3:At the beginning of 11 months 2015, by the annual and perennial bederoefolium potted flower of culture as stated above
Survived the winter in protecting field, plant strain growth is normal after surviving the winter.