JP3673251B2 - Potted plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pot plant cultivation method and a cultivation container.
[0002]
[Conventional methods and drawbacks]
Conventional pot planting is cultivated with the cultivation container placed on the surface of the earth, so it is affected by underground temperature and underground moisture, contaminates ground water, is susceptible to stagnation water, and is subject to the troublesome restrictions of agricultural land laws. There were drawbacks.
In addition, since the cultivation container is not air permeable and water permeable, there is a drawback in that it is susceptible to moisture damage from stagnant water, and the root respiratory action becomes inactive.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 3-4170 [0004]
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention aims to eliminate these drawbacks. As a result of further diligent research, the present inventor has reached the present invention by paying attention to the fact that the roots are cut when exposed to light. According to the present invention, these drawbacks are eliminated.
[0005]
[Structure of the invention]
The present invention is an outer pot that does not allow sunlight to pass through, an inner pot that is provided with an air layer interposed between the outer pot and the inner pot, and a thickness of 10 cm provided in the inner pot. In the pot plant cultivation method using the medium medium layer and the water-permeable air-permeable medium support layer, the pot plant cultivation method is characterized in that the inner pot is sometimes taken out and exposed to sunlight during the cultivation of the crop.
[0006]
Further, the present invention is a transparent or substantially transparent outer pot, a water-permeable aeration inner pot, a medium layer within a thickness of 10 cm in the inner pot, a water-permeable medium layer supporting gravel layer, A pot plant container having an air layer interposed between an outer pot and an inner pot, and a support base for holding the inner pot, wherein the support base or the outer pot has a crop support column and a column support hole. It is.
[0007]
When the inner pot is made root-penetrating, the root passes through the inner pot and extends on the outer peripheral surface of the inner pot.
When an air layer is interposed between the pot and the inner pot, the roots that have passed through the inner pot enter the air layer and try to extend on the outer peripheral surface of the inner pot.
During cultivation of crops, if the inner pot is taken out from time to time and exposed to sunlight, the roots of the outer peripheral surface are cut and no root winding occurs.
[0008]
If the outer pot is transparent or almost transparent, even if it is sometimes removed and not exposed to sunlight, the light easily passes through the outer pot and hits the roots of the crop on the outer peripheral surface of the inner pot, cutting the roots, Prevent root winding.
It is particularly preferable that the depth of the culture medium is within about 10 cm, and that the roots are concentrated and generated near the ground surface without generating straight roots. When the thickness of the medium layer is within about 10 cm, water is sucked up from the bottom of the medium layer to the surface by capillary action. On the other hand, if the thickness of the culture medium layer is too thin, the culture medium decreases, so that cultivation is difficult, and the thickness is limited from this aspect. Depending on the crop, the medium is at least about 4 cm deep from the surface to the bottom, usually about 5 cm or more.
When the air layer is interposed, the respiration of the crop becomes active.
Dividing the medium layer into a first medium layer having a thickness of about 3 to 5 cm and a second medium layer having a thickness of about 5 to 7 cm is advantageous because growth can be adjusted according to the type of crop.
[0009]
When weakly acidic to weakly alkaline gravel or baked soil is used as the first medium layer and strong acidic to strongly alkaline gravel or baked earth is used as the second medium layer, almost all common crops that can usually be potted Can be cultivated conveniently. This is because if weakly acidic to weakly alkaline gravel or baked soil is used as the first medium layer, even if the second medium layer is strongly acidic or strongly alkaline gravel or baked soil, it can be cultivated in pots corresponding to crops. This is because it can grow all common crops. For example, basil does not grow on strong alkaline soil with a pH of 11, but can be cultivated even when the second culture layer is strong alkaline soil with a pH of 11 by using a weakly alkaline first medium layer. Good quality, good taste and aroma.
[0010]
The use of a support for holding the inner pot is convenient for interposing an air layer, and it is possible to conveniently provide a crop support and a support holding hole.
The support base can be provided in the outer pot.
The particle size of the medium layer is preferably about 0.1 to 5 mm. If it is finer than about 0.1 mm, the air permeability is inferior. If it is coarser than about 5 mm, the air permeability and water permeability become excessive.
Since the medium supporting gravel layer is provided for the purpose of supporting the medium layer, a particle size of about 5 mm or more is suitable so that it acts as a medium supporting layer rather than as a medium layer.
The medium support gravel layer is neutral and preferably has a particle size of about 5 mm or more.
The medium is selected from natural soil or gravel depending on the type of crop. For making delicious fruits and vegetables, those suitable for acidic soil are, for example, shiso, tea tree, blueberry, those suitable for neutral soil are, for example, pepper, eggplant and tomato, and those suitable for alkaline soil are, for example, basil .
[0011]
For the outer and inner pots, use safe plastics or natural materials that are difficult to dissolve environmental hormones.
The inner pot is conveniently made of a non-woven fabric such as poval (vinylon), polyethylene, kenaf or the like. Polyethylene and polypropylene are relatively safe.
Providing a waterproof sheet between the cultivation container and the ground surface is advantageous in that the cultivation container and the ground surface can be isolated and leaked irrigation water and liquid fertilizer can be prevented from penetrating into the underground.
When the outer pot or the support base has a crop support column and a column holding hole, it is convenient for supporting a stem or a vine when a crop such as pepper, eggplant or tomato is extended. In addition, having a column is convenient for holding a rain protection sheet, an insect net, and the like.
If the sprinkling fertilization sheet is covered on the surface of the medium, it acts as a multi-sheet, prevents transpiration, pulls up water by capillary action, and can perform multi-irrigation fertilization.
A logo or a mark can be written on the surface of the outer bowl.
[0012]
[Effects of the Invention]
Prevent root winding.
Breathability is improved. In the inner pot with air permeability, the roots of the plant are surrounded by an air layer all around, so the respiratory action of the roots becomes active.
The internode distance of crops can be adjusted to control dwarfing and lengthening.
Can eliminate damp damage from stagnant water.
It does not pollute groundwater and is not affected by underground temperature and underground moisture.
By reducing the medium layer, moisture can be controlled easily and quickly, and labor can be saved.
Water is drawn up by capillary action from the bottom of the medium layer to the surface.
It is possible to fertilize the medium layer evenly from the surface.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
It can prevent root winding.
Root respiration becomes active.
Almost all common crops that can be planted in pots can be grown.
The internode distance of crops can be adjusted to control dwarfing and lengthening.
Can eliminate damp damage from stagnant water.
It does not pollute groundwater and is not affected by underground temperature and underground moisture. Root growth and activity do not stop even in the cold season.
Moisture can be controlled easily and quickly, saving labor.
Not subject to the cumbersome restrictions of agricultural land law.
Crops such as pepper, eggplant, and tomato are often grafted (other roots) when cultivated on a large scale in a greenhouse, open field, etc., but can also be applied to cases where they are not grafted (self-rooted).
A house can be used three-dimensionally by arrangement | positioning etc. which hang | divide a cultivation container up and down. It is possible to grow seedlings below and to grow above.
Since installation and movement are easy, ventilation, daylighting, workability, etc. can be improved. For flowers, you can make a flower that keeps a strong disease day.
[0014]
It becomes easy to implement a farming method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170) that reduces water and fertilizer to the limit, making it easy to produce vegetables and fruits with high sugar content and high vitamin C and minerals.
The optimal environment for cultivation of flowers and herbs can be easily created by adjusting the medium.
Close-planting is possible, and it is convenient for high quality, high yield, large-scale cultivation.
It is easy to control root elongation by adjusting nutrients.
Dwarfing the growth of above-ground parts to improve daylighting, saving labor, high quality, and high yield.
Multi-year recycling cultivation without continuous cropping failure is possible.
[0015]
By introducing a computer irrigation system, the amount of irrigation can be maintained at an appropriate amount and evenly.
By isolating the ground surface and the medium, it is possible to prevent the medium from being infected by pathogenic bacteria that inhabit deep soil.
It is easy to prevent the spread of pest damage.
Cultivation containers are independent of each other, and pathogenic bacteria that tend to be found in hydroponics are not transmitted using the culture solution as a medium.
It is possible to remove strains affected by pests and poor growth and then easily replace normal strain containers.
Water can be sucked from the bottom of the medium layer to the surface by capillary action.
Potted planting can be installed easily without worrying about the level because it can use an independent environment and drip irrigation system. Moreover, the fertilizer application amount and the irrigation amount can be easily adjusted.
Fertilization can be evenly applied to the medium layer from the surface.
High quality crops and fruits can be harvested in large quantities by medium design suitable for crops and season.
Continuous cropping is possible, and multi-year recycling cultivation is possible. If continuous cultivation is not possible, it can be easily produced by baking the medium or sterilizing with high-temperature steam.
Continuous self-root cultivation is possible, reducing costs and reproducing the original characteristics of varieties.
Nematodes live only in shallow soil. Microorganisms harmful to plants are scarcely present in a deep soil of about 50 cm or more from the ground surface. If a medium is collected from such a deep soil, disinfection or high temperature steaming is not necessary.
By selecting the cultivation method and cultivation environment as appropriate and making tomatoes with a sugar content of 7 or more, individual tomatoes with different tomato shapes and ventricular numbers can be made without genetic modification.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[Example 1]
In this example, green curd was cultivated using the cultivation container shown in FIG. 4, and the state of growth, yield and quality were compared with conventional outdoor cultivation.
Put the culture medium so that the thickness is about 10cm in the inner pot made of non-woven fabric with water permeability and root, plant the green seedlings, and water and fertilizer to the limit by the method of No. 3-4170 Reduced and cultivated.
[0017]
For the first medium layer, weakly acid baked soil having a thickness of about 4 cm was used, and for the second medium layer, weak alkaline gravel having a thickness of about 6 cm was used.
The cultivation container was placed on a waterproof sheet in the house.
After confirming that the surface of the culture medium had been dried in advance, fertilization and irrigation were performed so that the entire surface was sufficiently wet but did not flow downward from the inner pot.
The inner bowl was taken out every week from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm and placed on the sun.
At the same time, cocoons were made on the ground in the same house.
[0018]
According to the present invention, the blue radish is prosperous in the capillaries, the veins are well developed, the veins are raised on the back side of the leaves, the surface of the leaves is bright green, and the part between the veins on the back side of the leaves and the veins is often purple. became. The aroma was stronger than that of alley cultivation and had a pleasant flavor. This was due to the selective absorption of nutrients by the capillary root group. An average of about 168 per one strain was harvested by picking from the lower leaves.
Blue Jiso grown in the open field has dark green leaves and stems, a weak fragrance, a stinky smell, and bitterness in the leaves. Also, the distance between the side branch and the next side branch was long, the trees were long, and the leaves were soft. An average of about 120 per harvest was harvested from the lower leaves.
[0019]
[Example 2]
In this example, basil was cultivated using a cultivation container substantially similar to the cultivation container shown in FIG. 4, and the state of growth, yield and quality were compared with conventional outdoor cultivation.
A transparent container with good translucency was used for the outer bowl.
A culture medium was placed in an inner pot made of a non-woven fabric having water permeability and rooting so that the thickness was about 9 to 10 cm, and seedlings of basil were planted and cultivated by the method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170.
[0020]
For the first medium layer, weakly alkaline baked soil having a thickness of about 5 cm was used, and for the second medium layer, strong alkaline gravel having a thickness of about 5 cm was used.
The surface of the culture medium was covered with a non-woven sheet to prevent moisture from evaporating, and moisture was diffused and moistened by capillary action over the entire surface.
The cultivation container was placed on a waterproof sheet in the house.
Fertilization and irrigation were carried out by watering the nonwoven fabric sheet, and after confirming that the surface of the medium had been dried in advance, fertilization and irrigation were performed so that the entire surface was sufficiently wet but did not flow downward from the inner pot.
At the same time, cocoons were made on the ground in the same house.
[0021]
In the basil according to the present invention, the capillary roots are prosperous, the veins are well developed, the veins are raised on the back side of the leaves, the surface of the leaves is bright green, and the part between the veins on the back side of the leaves and the veins is often purple. Therefore, the internode distance between the side branch and the next side branch was shorter than that of the “open field” cultivation, and the height of the tree was lower. Basil has a refreshing fragrance, stronger bitterness, less bitterness, a pleasant flavor, a crisp texture that can be added to salads, and a vitamin C content that is about three times that of outdoor cultivation More than that, with less nitrogen. Yield was about twice that of outdoor cultivation.
[0022]
Basil grown in the open field has straight roots, few capillary roots, and has not been able to selectively absorb water and nutrients, so the leaves and stems are dark green and the aroma is much weaker than the basil of the present invention. It was not refreshing, the bitterness of the leaves was strong, and it had a pungent taste. Also, the distance between the side branch and the next side branch was long, the trees were long, and the leaves were soft. Because there were few capillary roots, straight roots developed, and herbs grown in hydroponic plants and other plants had little aroma and lacked nutrients, as well as being unable to selectively absorb water and nutrients. It was due to.
[0023]
[Example 3]
In this example, tomatoes were cultivated using a cultivation container substantially similar to the cultivation container shown in FIG. 4, and the state of growth, yield and quality were compared with conventional outdoor cultivation.
A culture medium was put in an inner pot made of a non-woven fabric having water permeability and rooting so that the thickness was about 9 to 10 cm, and seedlings of tomato were planted and cultivated by the method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170.
A transparent container with good translucency was used for the outer bowl.
Neutral baked soil having a thickness of about 5 cm was used for the first medium layer, and slightly acidic gravel having a thickness of about 5 cm was used for the second medium layer.
The cultivation container was placed on a waterproof sheet in the house.
[0024]
Fertilization and irrigation were carried out by watering the nonwoven fabric sheet, and after confirming that the surface of the medium had been dried in advance, fertilization and irrigation were performed so that the entire surface was sufficiently wet but did not flow downward from the inner pot. From the first stage to the fifth stage, an average of about 3 kg was harvested per strain. The sugar content of tomato was about 5 degrees on average from the first stage to the second stage. The average from the third stage to the fifth stage was about 7 degrees.
At the same time, cocoons were made on the ground in the same house, and tomato seedlings were planted in a row at a distance of about 30 cm between the strains, and cultivated in the open field.
Tomatoes in open-air cultivation have few capillary roots, have developed straight roots, and have not been able to selectively absorb water and nutrients, so they have a low sugar content, sweetness and sourness like tomatoes grown in hydroponic plants. The balance of was not good. An average of about 4 kg was harvested per strain from the 1st stage to the 5th stage. The sugar content of tomato was about 3 degrees on average from the first stage to the second stage. The average from the third stage to the fifth stage was about 4 degrees.
[0025]
The tomato according to the present invention had a thick root group, a shorter internode distance between the side branch and the next side branch, a lower tree height, and a faster growth than those in outdoor cultivation. The number of fruit ventricles was more than double that of alley cultivation, and the production of hair on the outer skin of the fruit was dense, and the leaves and stems strongly released a pleasant scent like herbs. Even when the fruit was fully ripe on the tree, the seeds in the ventricle and the jelly-like part surrounding the seeds showed a vivid green color, and the juice and seeds did not flow out when cut into rings. Moreover, sugar content became 6 or more easily, specific gravity became large, and it sank in water. These excellent properties were obtained without genetic recombination, and high-quality tomatoes could be produced without any means such as genetic recombination. It was not possible to produce such high-quality tomatoes in conventional outdoor cultivation. Moreover, even if the seeds of the tomatoes of the present invention were collected and cultivated in conventional open-air cultivation, these excellent properties could not be reproduced.
The tomato skin part, stem, and root part according to the present invention had a high sugar content and were delicious. This is the same as producing a high quality wine if the sugar content of the grape skin is high.
[0026]
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention. Of course, it can be modified.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing an example of a medium housed in an inner pot.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing an example of a medium layer and a supporting gravel layer.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing an example of the cultivation container of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of an outer pot.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing an example of a support base.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inner pot 2 Outer pot 3 Medium 3A 1st culture medium layer 3B 2nd culture medium layer 4 Medium support gravel layer 5 Air layer 6 Support stand 7 Vent hole 8 Drain hole 9 Absorbent cloth 10 Water 11 Strut 12 Strut holding hole

Claims (1)

  An outer pot that does not allow sunlight to pass through, an inner pot that is permeable to water and is provided with an air layer interposed between the outer pot and the inside of the outer pot, and a medium that is within 10 cm in thickness provided in the inner pot. A pot plant cultivation method using a layer and a water-permeable air-permeable medium support layer, wherein an inner pot is occasionally taken out during crop cultivation and exposed to sunlight.

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