JP2010233512A - Method for cultivating fruit vegetable - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating fruit vegetables enabling continuous harvest of good quality fruit vegetables from a single seedling for a long time. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating fruit vegetables comprises: making at least two branches coming out from the seedling start growing with difference in the number of days so that the difference in the number of days to start growth between a preceding branch which starts growing earlier and a succeeding branch which starts growing later corresponds to the difference in the number of days when a flower cluster at the lowermost stage or its adjacent stage of the succeeding branch blossoms at a timing when a flower cluster at the uppermost stage or its adjacent stage of the preceding branch blossoms; and cutting the preceding branch which starts growing with the difference in the number of days after harvesting fruit vegetables therefrom. The process of starting growth of at least two branches with the difference in the number of days, the process of cutting off the preceding branch after harvest, and the process of starting growth of the succeeding branch with the difference in the number of days are repeated so as to continue the cultivation, so that the fruit vegetables are continuously harvested in a seamless manner by starting harvest from the succeeding branch at a suitable timing after finishing harvest from the preceding branch. The tops of other shoots are pruned during a period from the start of growth of the preceding branch to the start of growth of the succeeding branch so as to make nutrients go around the preceding branch and the succeeding branch. Both of a shoot as the succeeding branch and a spare shoot are grown to ensure the growth of the spare shoot as another succeeding branch even though the shoot for the succeeding branch is not smoothly grown. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to, for example, a method for cultivating solanaceous plants such as eggplant, tomato and pepper, cucumber and cucumber plants such as cucumber, and other various vegetable plants.

  Fruit and vegetable plants grow to the support above the seedling while attracting the growing main branches, side branches, vines, stems, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as “branches”), and then attract the branches diagonally laterally. It is normal to continue growing. One example is the method described in Patent Document 1.

JP 2005-328824 A

The conventional cultivation method has the following problems.
(1) If the branch grows too much, it will be difficult to reach the fruit at the tip, and the fruit at the tip and the fruit at the bottom will not be of the same quality. Variation may occur.
(2) Since the branches are continuously stretched and harvested, the branches may become exhausted after several months, resulting in problems such as a decrease in yield and quality. In this case, the seedling must be newly replanted, and during the replanting, harvesting cannot be performed, which is a cause of the decrease in sales.
(3) When a branch is attracted obliquely in the lateral direction, the gap between adjacent branches is narrowed, and the adjacent branches, leaves, and fruit vegetables may contact each other, causing damage to the branches and leaves and dropping of the fruit vegetables.
(4) When the gap between adjacent branches is narrowed, air permeability and sunlight are deteriorated, the growth of plants and fruit vegetables, and the coloration of fruit vegetables become slow, and the yield may be reduced in some cases. In addition, work such as leaf scraping and bud scraping becomes difficult, and workability deteriorates.

  The subject of the present invention is a fruit vegetable plant cultivation method that can solve the above-mentioned problems, can expect an increase in the yield of fruit vegetables of uniform and good quality, and can continue harvesting from a single seedling over a longer period of time than conventional cultivation methods Is to provide.

  In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention, two or more branches are grown from the seedling, the two or more branches start to grow with a difference in the number of growth days, and each branch reaches the predetermined number of tufts. The difference in the number of days of growth is the number of days that the flower buds of the lowermost stage of the rear branch that started growing later or the flowers of the next stage of the flowering of the first branch of the first branch of the first branch that started growing earlier, Each branch to be grown with a difference in growth days is cut after harvesting the fruits and vegetables, and after cutting the branches, a new branch is started to grow with the difference in growth days from the branch from which the growth started before, and the growth Cultivation was repeated by starting the growth of two or more branches having a difference in days, cutting the branches after harvesting, and then starting the growth of the rear branches with a difference in days. In this case, the rear branch is allowed to start growing with a difference in the number of days of growth that any one of the second to seventh florets of the front branch is flowering, so that the fruit crop harvesting of the front branch and the rear branch can be continued. . From the beginning of the growth of the first branch to the beginning of the growth of the rear branch, the other buds were struck to allow the nutrients to reach the growing front and rear branches. Both the rear branch buds and the preliminary shoots were grown, and when the rear branch buds did not grow smoothly, the preliminary shoots were allowed to grow as rear branches.

  In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention, the front branch and the rear branch to be grown are spaced apart on the opposite side in the width direction of the cultivation floor, or spaced in the seedling planting direction, or in any direction around the seedling. Invite at intervals.

The fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) Since only two or several branches are grown at the same time, nutrients are concentrated on the growing branch, the branches can be grown smoothly, and high quality fruit vegetables can be harvested.
(2) Since there is a difference in the number of days between the growth start of the leading branch and the trailing branch, the work timing such as leaf scraping / bud scraping and disinfection of both branches and the fruit vegetable harvesting time are shifted, and the busy work is eliminated.
(3) After harvesting the fruit from the first branch, the branch is cut and a new branch is grown, so there is no branch unrelated to growth and harvest, and the nutrients are easily distributed to the growing branch, from the bottom to the top The fruit vegetables in the flower bunches are of high quality, and there is no variation in quality between the lower and upper fruit vegetables of one branch.
(4) Since a new branch is grown from a single seedling at different growth start times and is repeated, fruit vegetables can be harvested from a single seedling over a long period of time, and an increase in yield can be realized. In addition, since the replanting interval (span) of seedlings can be increased, labor and materials required for replanting are reduced, the cost for replanting is reduced, and the number of days that cannot be harvested due to replanting is reduced, leading to an increase in revenue.
(5) From the start of the growth of the first branch to the start of the growth of the rear branch, other branches and buds are squeezed, so the nutrient concentrates on the growing branch and the growth of the branch is promoted to grow into a high quality fruit vegetable Can be made.
(6) Grow both rear branch shoots and spare branch buds. If rear branch shoots do not grow smoothly, the shoots for the pre-branch grow and become rear branches. It can be grown without.
(7) Branches that grow with a difference in growth days are attracted to the opposite side in the width direction of the cultivation bed, in the direction of seedling planting of the cultivation floor, or in a desired direction around the seedlings, so that they are attracted in a narrow space. Can efficiently secure the spacing between the branches, improve the air permeability between the branches and fruit vegetables and improve the ventilation of the branches and fruit vegetables, and produce good quality fruit vegetables in a short period of time and increase the yield. It becomes. In addition, it is possible to prevent damage and fruit drop due to contact between adjacent fruit vegetables, and it is easy to perform various operations such as leaf scraping / bud scraping, disinfection, and harvesting.
(8) In general, the interval between adjacent seedlings (between strains) is set to about 500 mm, but when attracting a branch to be grown with a difference in growth days to the opposite side in the width direction of the cultivation floor, the interval between the strains is reduced (for example, Since the contact between the branches and leaves of adjacent seedlings and fruits and vegetables can be avoided, the above problem caused by the contact between the branches and leaves and fruits and vegetables does not occur. Moreover, since a space | interval between strains can be narrowed, the number of the seedlings 1 planted on one cultivation bed A can be increased, and productivity can also be improved.

The perspective view which shows an example of embodiment of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention. An example of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention is shown, (a) is a front view which shows the state at the time of the growth start of a 2nd growth branch, (b) is the flowering of the 1st growth branch upper stage and the 2nd growth branch lower stage. (C) is a front view showing a state in which the buds that emerge from the second growth branch after the cutting of the first growth branch are grown as third growth branches, (d) is after the cutting of the second growth branch. The front view which shows a mode that the bud which emerges from a 3rd growth branch is made to grow as a new branch. The front view which shows an example in the case of implementing the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention with the cultivation floor partitioned off with the partition sheet | seat. Shows an example of attracting two branches from a seedling at intervals in the same direction, (a) is when attracting branches from all seedlings planted continuously in the longitudinal direction in the same direction (B) is a perspective view in the case of alternately switching the attracting direction of branches in seedling units. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It shows an example of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a perspective view which shows an example in the case of attracting the branch which comes out of a seedling to four directions, (b) is the top view. In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention, the front view which shows an example of embodiment in the case of growing also a reserve branch at the same time as a back branch.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiment is an example in which tomatoes are cultivated on the cultivation floor A (FIG. 1) in an agricultural house and the uppermost stage of each branch to be grown is up to the fifth stage. In the following description, the branch that starts growth first is called “front branch”, the branch that starts growth later is called “back branch”, and the branch that grows nth is called “nth growth branch”. Note that “front branch” and “back branch” are relative concepts, for example, the second growth branch is “back branch” in relation to the first growth branch, and “ It will be a “front branch”.

(Embodiment 1)
1st Embodiment of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention is described based on drawing. In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention, branches grown from a single seedling are grown with a predetermined growth day difference, and these branches are alternately attracted to the upper side opposite to the width direction of the cultivation bed A (for example, straw). This is an example.

(Start of growth of the first growth branch)
In FIG. 1, seedlings 1 are planted on the cultivation floor A at regular intervals. In the present invention, one branch from this single seedling 1 is grown as a first growing branch 2, and the first growing branch 2 is suspended from two support members 4a and 4b installed above the cultivation floor A. Attract to the attracting tool 5 such as a string or wire. In this case, the first growth branch 2 can be locked to the attracting tool 5 with a connecting member 6 such as a plastic ring or string.

(Start of growth of second growth branch)
Until the first growing branch 2 is in the middle of growth, other buds and leaves from the seedling 1 are sprouted, the leaves are scraped to stop the growth, and the desired stage of the first growing branch 2 blooms. Then, one bud arbitrarily selected from the shoots emerging from the seedling 1 or the first growing branch 2 is allowed to start growing as the second growing branch 7 (FIG. 2B). More specifically, the second growing branch 7 (rear branch) is the first stage of the second growing branch 7 when the fifth (topmost) inflorescence of the first growing branch 2 (front branch) is flowering. It is desirable to start growing with a difference in the number of growth days (days delay) at which the (bottom stage) inflorescence blooms. In order to realize this difference in the number of days of growth, the timing of the flowering of the second floret of the first growing branch 2 (after the flowering of the second floret and before the flowering of the third floret) It is desirable to start the growth of the second growth branch 7 at the timing. The timing for starting the growth of the rear branch can be arbitrarily changed according to the number of uppermost stages. For example, the growth of the back branch can be started at the timing when the second to seventh florets of the front branch are flowered. In addition, when each branch is grown to 6 stages or more, the growth of the back branch can be started at the timing at which the flower clusters 2 to 3 stages below the uppermost stage of the front branch bloom.

(Attracting first and second growth branches)
The first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7 are attracted toward the two support members 4a and 4b that are constructed along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed A above both sides in the width direction of the cultivation bed A. In this case, the branches to be grown with a difference in growth days are alternately attracted to the opposite side of the cultivation floor A in the width direction. More specifically, the first growth branch 2 is attracted toward one of the support members 4 (for example, 4a), and the second growth branch 7 is attracted toward the other support member 4b. Thereby, both the branches 2 and 7 are attracted to the opposite side in the width direction of the cultivation floor A, and a space (space) 9 is formed between both the branches 2 and 7. Thus, by providing the space | interval 9, it can prevent the contact with the fruit vegetables 8 which bear a fruit on a branch, a leaf, and a flower cluster, and can improve the sunlight and ventilation between branches.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the support members 4a and 4b are constructed so as to have a space W2 slightly narrower than the width W1 of the cultivation bed A and are laid over the cultivation bed A, and are attracted to the support members 4a and 4b. The interval 9 between the branches 2 and 7 is narrowed upward. For example, the width W1 of the cultivation floor A can be set to about 560 mm, and the interval W2 between the support materials 4a and 4b can be set to about 300 mm. Thereby, between the partition sheet | seat 10a in the agricultural house suspended from the upper direction of the support material 4a, and the 1st growth branch 2, the partition sheet 10b suspended from the upper direction of the support material 4b, and the 2nd growth branch 7 The spaces 9a and 9b are secured between them, the partition sheet 10 does not contact the leaves of the first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7, and the growth of both branches 2 and 7 is not hindered. Moreover, the space | interval W2 of both the support materials 4a and 4b is made narrower than the width W1 of the cultivation floor A, and the upper side of both branches 2 and 7 attracted to the attracting tool 5 is gradually inclined inward. Even when the partition sheets 10a and 10b are wound up and operated, it is possible to prevent an operator walking along the side passage of the cultivation floor A from coming into contact with the branches, leaves, and flower clusters, and a wide working space is secured. So it becomes easy to work. Moreover, since the space | interval of the adjacent cultivation bed A can be made narrower than the case where both branches 2 and 7 are pulled vertically upwards, many cultivation beds A can be made in an agricultural house, and an agricultural house It is also possible to increase sales by effectively using the inside.

(Sprouting, leaf scraping)
During the growth of the first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7, the buds and leaves from the seedling 1 and the second growth branch 7 are sprouted and scraped to stop the growth. The nutrient is distributed to the growing branch 2 and the second growing branch 7. The first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7 can be surely grown by adjusting the fertilizer management or the leaf spraying of the hormone agent.

(Harvesting from the first and second growing branches)
The fruits and vegetables 8 at the appropriate harvest time which have fruited in the flower bunches (fruit bunches) of the first growing branch 2 are sequentially harvested from the fruit berries in the lower fruit bunches. While growing the second growing branch 7, fruit vegetables 8 that have fruited in the fruit bunches of the second growing branch 7 and have reached the appropriate harvesting time are also harvested in order from the fruit fruited in the lower florets. By growing the two branches with the above-mentioned difference in the number of growth days, the harvest of the fruit vegetables 8 fruiting in the fifth (top) fruit bunches of the first growing branch 2 and one stage of the second growing branch 7 are performed. It is possible to harvest the fruits and vegetables 8 that are fruited in the eye (bottom stage) fruit bunches at the same time, and it is possible to realize a continuous fruit vegetable harvest without a blank period.

(Cutting the first growth branch, starting growth of the third growth branch)
The first growing branch 2 is cut from the base B near the top after harvesting the uppermost fruits 8 (FIGS. 2B and 2C). Slightly before or after this cutting, the buds emerging from the second growth branch 7 (front branch) are used as the third growth branch 11 (rear branch) to start growing. The 3rd growth branch 11 can also select and grow arbitrary shoots among the shoots which come out from the seedling 1. In this case, it is preferable to select a bud as close as possible to the cultivation bed A (a bud that emerges from below the seedling 1). The difference in the number of growth days between the second growth branch 7 and the third growth branch 11 may be the same as the difference in the number of growth days between the first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7 (FIG. 2 (c)). . The third growth branch 11 is a support material 4a from which the cut first growth branch 2 has been attracted (a support material on the opposite side in the width direction of the cultivation bed A from the second growth branch 7 that is being grown or harvested). Invite (FIG. 2 (d)). Thereby, the space | interval 9 can fully be ensured between the 2nd growth branch 7 and the 3rd growth branch 11. FIG.

(Crops and leaves lacking during growth of third growing branch, harvest from third growing branch)
During the growth of the second growth branch 7 and the third growth branch 11, the buds and leaves from the seedling 1 and the second growth branch 7 are sprouted, and the growth is stopped by scraping the leaves. The nutrient is distributed to the second growing branch 7 and the third growing branch 11. While growing the third growing branch 11, fruit vegetables 8 that are fruited are harvested sequentially from those that are fruited in the lower fruit bunches.

(Cutting of the second growing branch, starting growth of the fourth growing branch and subsequent cultivation)
In the present invention, the second growing branch 7 is cut from the vicinity C of the growth start point after the harvest of the uppermost fruit and vegetable 8 is completed (FIG. 2 (d)). Slightly before or after this cutting, the buds that emerge from the third growth branch 11 are used as the fourth growth branch 12 to start the growth with the difference in the number of growth days (FIG. 2 (d)). As in the case of the third growing branch 11, the fourth growing branch 12 can also be made to grow by selecting an arbitrary bud among the buds emerging from the seedling 1. Thereafter, as in the case of the first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7, and the second growth branch 7 and the third growth branch 11, the front branch and the rear branch are grown with a difference in the number of growth days, and the fruit vegetables 8 are Fruit and vegetable plants are grown by repeating the process of harvesting and cutting the harvested branches. Thereby, since the fruit vegetables 8 can be continuously harvested without a blank period, the yield of the fruit vegetables 8 can be improved.

(Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention is basically the same as the cultivation method shown in the first embodiment, and the attraction method is different. In this embodiment, when two branches to be grown with a difference in growth days are attracted to the support material 4 at intervals along the planting direction of the seedling 1 as shown in FIGS. It is an example. FIG. 4A shows an example in which two branches of each seedling 1 on the cultivation floor A are attracted to the support material 4a with an interval 9 therebetween, and FIG. 4B shows a plurality of seedlings on the cultivation floor A. 1, two branches to be grown with a difference in the number of growth days from a seedling 1 planted in front in the figure are attracted to a support material 4 a on one side (left side) of the cultivation floor A, and next to the seedling 1 This is an example in which two branches grown from the seedling 1 are attracted to the support material 4b on the opposite side (right side) of the cultivation floor A in the width direction. In this embodiment, for the sake of convenience, only the first growth branch 2 and the second growth branch 7 have been described. However, the growth of branches after the third growth branch 11 is also grown with a predetermined growth day difference as in the first embodiment. These branches are attracted and grown by the method shown in FIG. 4 (a) or 4 (b).

(Embodiment 3)
3rd Embodiment of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention is described based on FIG. In this embodiment, a plurality of branches are grown from the seedling 1 with the same growth day difference as in the first embodiment, and the branches are assumed to have a rectangular area centered on the seedling 1 as shown in FIG. Then, it is an example in the case of attracting at equal intervals toward each point of the rectangle. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the first growth branch 2 that comes out from one seedling 1 planted on the cultivation floor A is one support material in the width direction of the cultivation floor A (here, the width of the cultivation floor A). The second growth branch 7 that is attracted in the P direction of the support material 4a) on the left side in the direction and then starts to grow is Q of the other width direction of the cultivation bed A (here, the support material 4b on the right side in the width direction of the cultivation bed A). The third growth branch 11 (not shown) that attracts in the direction (opposite side on the diagonal line connecting the P direction and the seedling 1) and then starts growing is moved in the R direction (the side in the P direction) of the support material 4a. The fourth growth branch 12 (not shown) that starts to grow after that is attracted in the S direction (side of the Q direction) of the support material 4b to cause the fourth growth branch 2 to the fourth growth. In this method, the branches 12 are sequentially attracted at equal intervals. Thus, by attracting the branches from the seedling 1 in all directions, the branch interval 9 can be secured widely, and the upper space of the cultivation bed A can be effectively utilized. The attracting location, the attracting direction, the attracting order, and the like are not limited to the above examples, and can be performed by other methods from the viewpoint of workability and sunlight. Moreover, as long as the space | interval 9 of each branch can be ensured widely, it can also attract in three directions or five directions or more. In this embodiment, for the sake of convenience, only the first growth branch 2 to the fourth growth branch 12 have been described. However, for the growth of the subsequent branches, as in the first embodiment, the growth is started at a predetermined number of days, and those branches are started. Can be repeatedly attracted in the same direction and order as described above.

(Embodiment 4)
4th Embodiment of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of this invention is described based on FIG. This embodiment is basically the same as in the first to third embodiments, and is different in that one or more other buds are grown as the spare branch 14 in parallel with the growth of the rear branch. By allowing the spare branches 14 to coexist, even if the rear branches do not grow smoothly, the spare branches 14 can be grown as substitutes for the rear branches, and the fruit vegetables 8 can be harvested without a blank period. If the rear branch grows smoothly, the spare branch 14 can be pinched to stop the growth. As a result, the nutrition is distributed to the rear branch, and the rear branch grows smoothly.

(Embodiment 5)
The fifth embodiment of the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention is basically the same as in the first to fourth embodiments, except that the positions of the plurality of seedlings 1 are shifted in the width direction of the row of cultivation beds A. It is to plant in a staggered arrangement. In this case, a branch growing from the seedling 1 planted on the right side in the width direction of the cultivation floor A is on the support material 4b on the upper right side of the cultivation floor A, and a branch growing from the seedling planted on the left side in the width direction is on the upper left side of the cultivation floor A. Even if it narrows between the lines of the seedlings 1 that are planted at a distance of 9 in the longitudinal direction on the row of cultivation beds A, the spacing 9 between the branches that grow from the adjacent seedlings 1 is sufficiently wide. It can be ensured, and the ventilation and lighting between adjacent branches are improved.

(Other embodiments)
The fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of the present invention can be applied to various fruit and vegetable plants, and can be applied to both soil cultivation and hydroponics as well as agricultural house cultivation and outdoor cultivation. Plants to be cultivated can also be fruit vegetable plants other than tomatoes, for example, plants of the family Cucurbitaceae such as peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, cucumbers, and plants of the family Solanaceae. Further, in the above embodiment, the case of two tailings and four tailings has been described, but the number of branches can be an arbitrary number, and can be tailored to three or five or more. Further, for convenience of explanation, the first to fifth embodiments have been described by taking the case where the uppermost stage is the fifth stage as an example, but the uppermost stage may be five stages or more or five stages or less. Also in this case, the growth of each branch is started with the difference in the growth days.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seedling 2 1st growth branch 4, 4a, 4b Support material 5 Attractor 6 Connection material 7 2nd growth branch 8 Fruit vegetables 9 Space | interval (between branches) 9a (Between a side partition sheet and a 1st growth branch) Space 9b Space (between the side partition sheet and the second growth branch) 10 Partition sheet 10a, 10b Side partition sheet 11 Third growth branch 12 Fourth growth branch 14 Preliminary branch A Growing bed B First growth branch cutting point C Second growth branch cutting point

Claims (5)

Grow two or more branches from seedlings,
The branches start to grow with a difference in growth days,
Grow each branch to a certain number of flowers,
The difference in the number of days of growth is the difference in the number of days in which the florets of the lowermost branch of the rear branch that started growing later or the florets of the first stage of the first branch of the first branch that started growing earlier flowered. age,
Branches that grow with a difference in growth days are cut after harvesting fruit and vegetables,
After the cutting of the branch, the growth is started with the difference in the number of growth days from the previous branch that started the growth of the new branch.
A method for cultivating a fruit vegetable plant, comprising cultivating by repeating the growth start of the branch having the difference in growth days, the cutting of the branch after harvesting the fruit vegetables, and the subsequent growth start of the growth day difference of the subsequent branches. In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of Claim 1,
A method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants, characterized in that the rear branch is allowed to start growing with a difference in the number of growth days such that one of the second to seventh florets of the front branch is flowered. In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method of Claim 1 or Claim 2,
From the start of the growth of the first branch to the start of the growth of the rear branch, a method for cultivating a fruit vegetable plant, wherein the other shoots are pinched. In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
A fruit vegetable plant cultivation method characterized by growing both rear shoots and preliminary shoots, and when the rear shoots do not grow smoothly, the preliminary shoots start growing as rear branches. In the fruit vegetable plant cultivation method in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4,
The leading branch and the rear branch to be grown are attracted with an interval on the opposite side in the width direction of the cultivation bed, with an interval in the planting direction of the seedling, or with an interval in an arbitrary direction around the seedling. Fruit and vegetable plant cultivation method.

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