JPH07250569A - Plant raising method and system therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a plant raising method enabling plants to be shipped continuously and stably over a long period, also easy to conduct fertilizing culture maintenance, and suitable for the automation and labor-saving of raising work. CONSTITUTION:For this method, such a raising system as to enable raising beds to be supported in at least two tiers at an upper tier support 14a and lower tier supports 14b, 14c is used. The 1st and 2nd raising beds 10, 11 are first placed on the upper tier support 14a to raise plants 15, 16 to a specified growing stage. Second, these beds 10, 11 are transferred onto the lower tier supports 14b, 14c, respectively, and new raising beds 12, 13 are replenishedly placed on the upper tier support 14a. The above-mentioned processes are repeated afterward.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method for harvesting fruits such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Rosaceae, and a cultivation apparatus used for the plant cultivation method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, greenhouse cultivation of fruit vegetables (vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, cucumber, makuwari and the like) whose fruits are edible and fruit trees have been actively carried out. In such greenhouse cultivation, a method of planting seedlings in the soil is also carried out similarly to open-field cultivation, but on the other hand, a cultivation method using a cultivation bed (cultivation bed) filled with a medium such as rock wool in a cultivation container is also available. Has been adopted. When cultivating fruits and vegetables by the method using a cultivation bed, seedlings are planted in a cultivation bed installed on the ground, the seedlings are grown upward, and fruiting is carried out in multiple florets in order to maximize the yield. After making it harvest. For example, in the case of tomato, it is usually 5,
It is common practice to produce fruit up to 6-stage flower clusters and then harvest.

In the cultivation of up to 5 or 6-stage inflorescences of this tomato, two crops are common per year. In other words, one cycle is from the planting of this field to the end of harvest, and after the end of the first crop, a certain rest period (1 week to 1 month) is provided for cleaning up the remaining trees, disinfecting the cultivation bed, etc. to go into. Even if the rest period is shortened as much as possible, and even if the seedlings of the next crop are planted at the same time as the end of the previous crop so that the crops are grown to the highest possible tiers, the cultivation of up to 7 or 8 florets in two crops a year is the limit. In addition, since the harvesting period of fruits is usually around the flowering period of the 5-step fruit cluster, there is a loss period during which fruit harvesting cannot be performed until the first fruits can be harvested after planting.

[0004]

Therefore, in such a cultivation method, since the loss period from planting of this field to the start of harvest is long and the harvest period is limited, the emergence of a cultivation method capable of continuous stable shipment for a long period of time has occurred. Was wanted.

To meet this need, there is a long stage cultivation method in which there is a loss period at the beginning, but continuous cultivation is performed to grow up to 30 or more flower clusters. However, in the long-stage cultivation method, since the growth of stems and leaves and the flowering, fruiting, and enlargement proceed at the same time, it is necessary to manage the fertilizer cultivation while maintaining the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Such fertilization management is extremely difficult, and its success depends largely on the technical capabilities unique to the producer. Therefore, this long-stage cultivation method takes too much labor,
Not suitable for automation of fertilizer management and large-scale cultivation.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and enables stable and continuous shipment for a long period of time, easy fertilization management, and automation of cultivation work.
An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method suitable for labor saving and large-scale cultivation and a cultivation device used for the plant cultivation method.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention is a method for cultivating a plurality of plants in at least one row in the longitudinal direction of a cultivation bed. Using a cultivating device that can support the cultivating bed, after cultivating the plant until the predetermined growth process by arranging the cultivating bed in each stage of the cultivating device, sequentially move the cultivating bed to the lower stage, and cultivate the lowermost stage. It is characterized in that the bed is removed and a new cultivation bed is replenished and arranged at the uppermost stage which becomes a vacant space.

Further, the cultivating apparatus used in the method for cultivating the plant of the present invention has a plurality of stages of supporting portions arranged at different heights, and the cultivating bed is placed at the uppermost stage supporting unit according to the growing process of the plant. It is characterized in that it can be sequentially moved to the lowermost support portion and grown.

[0009]

EXAMPLES The plant cultivation method of the present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the examples shown in the drawings, mainly by cultivating tomatoes as an example.

In the method for cultivating plants according to this embodiment, first, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, an upper stage support portion 14a made of a plate material and held at an appropriate height from a ground surface, a floor surface, or the like;
A plant cultivation device 14 having lower support portions 14b and 14c made of one plate material is prepared. The height difference between the upper stage support portion 14a and the lower stage support portions 14b, 14c is determined by the type of plant to be cultivated, etc., but the lower stage support portions 14b, 1
It is ensured that the plants growing on the cultivation bed placed on 4c do not hinder the light supply to the plants growing on the cultivation bed placed on the upper support 14a.

In this embodiment, the upper support 14a has a width such that the two cultivation beds 10 and 11 can be juxtaposed, and the two lower support 14b and 14 are diagonally below both sides thereof.
Although c is provided, the width of the upper stage support portion 14a may be about one cultivation bed, and only one of the lower stage support portions may be provided. Further, it is not limited to a plate member and may be a pipe member vertically and horizontally assembled. Further, a base surface such as a ground surface or a floor surface may be used as the lower support portions 14b and 14c. Further, the number of stages is not limited as long as it has the cultivation bed support portions having different heights, and the number of stages is not limited to two. Further, although the lower-stage supporting portions 14b and 14c are arranged obliquely below the upper-stage supporting portion 14a, depending on the kind of plant to be cultivated, even if the light conditions after a predetermined growth stage are considerably reduced, the quality of the fruit, etc. Does not affect
You may use the cultivation apparatus which arrange | positions a lower stage support part just under the upper stage support part 14a.

Next, the first and second two cultivation beds 1
Prepare 0 and 11. The cultivation beds 10 and 11 are known ones, and for example, suitable cultivation containers 10a and 11 such as wooden or plastic boxes or plastic sheets.
The medium 10b, 11b such as soil, a soil substitute such as rock wool, or water in which nutrients are dissolved is placed in a. And these two cultivation beds 10, 1
1 is the upper stage support part 1 of the above-mentioned cultivation device 14 so that the longitudinal direction wall parts of the cultivation containers 10a and 11a are substantially parallel to each other.
It is installed in parallel on 4a (see FIG. 1).

The planting of the tomato seedlings 15 and 16 is carried out at a predetermined time, for example, after the seedlings have been raised until the flowering period of the first inflorescence, and then at predetermined intervals in the medium pre-filled in the cultivation beds 10 and 11. However, in this example, the block-type mediums 10b and 11b are used. First, after growing in the seed bed from the seeding to the emergence stage of the first leaf of the true leaf, the block-type mediums 10b and 11b are transplanted. Then, it grew in a nursery bed, and at the early stage of flower bud differentiation, that is, when 2 to 4 true leaves developed (in the case of cuttings and grafts, 2 to 4 newly developed leaves excluding the originally attached leaves). Around the time), the medium 10b, 1
The seedlings grown in 1b are transplanted to the cultivation containers 10a, 11a placed at appropriate places other than the cultivation device 14, and further grown in the cultivation containers 10a, 11a until the flowering stage of the first inflorescence, and then the cultivation. The containers 10a and 11a are connected to the upper support 14
By placing it on a, it is planted in the main field. However, the seedlings grown on the seed bed were treated with block type medium 10b, 11
After transplanting to b, the seedlings may be raised as they are until the flowering period and transplanted to the cultivation containers 10a and 11a on the upper support part 14a to be planted in the main field.

The seedlings 15 and 16 planted in the first and second cultivation beds 10 and 11 have upper support portions 14 at the earliest stage of fruiting, at the latest stage of harvest, at the latest stage of harvest, and preferably at the plucking stage.
Grow in a. The light receiving conditions in the growing process and the cultivation conditions such as fertilization management in the upper stage support portion 14a are appropriately managed because they affect quality and yield. Then, the tomatoes are plucked while leaving the two leaves above the third inflorescence during the growing period on the upper stage support portion 14a. In the cultivation example of this example, the plucking period is from the time when the third flower cluster is budded to the time when the third flower cluster is set.

Next, the first and second cultivation beds 10, 1
1 is moved onto the lower-stage supporting portions 14b and 14c, respectively (see FIG. 2). In the two-stage cultivation as in the present embodiment, the movement time is preferably at approximately the midpoint of the period of the main cultivation field, that is, at approximately the midpoint of the entire period of cultivation with the cultivating apparatus 14 of the present Example. It varies within the above range.
In the case of tomatoes, it is more preferable that the tomatoes are grown in the upper stage support portion 14a until the above-mentioned plucking period and moved from the early stage of fruiting to the third inflorescence to the start of harvest of the fruits of the first inflorescence. Then, the other two cultivation beds 12, 13 of the third and the fourth are arranged on the upper support portion 14a which has become a vacant space (see FIG. 3). The third and fourth cultivation beds 12,
In 13, the seedlings 17 and 18 raised as described above are planted in block type culture media 12b and 13b.

The plant bodies (seedlings 15, 16) of the first and second cultivation beds 10, 11 are moved to the lower support portions 14b, 14c and then grown there until the end of harvesting of fruits. In this case, the tomato plants (seedlings 15 and 16) enter the coloring period after the movement, except that the fruits of the third inflorescence are enlarged, so that they receive light as much as when they were cultivated on the upper support 14a. There is no need to strictly control the conditions and cultivation conditions such as fertilization management.

Therefore, there is no problem in the fruit quality even if the light receiving conditions are lowered due to the shadow of the upper support 14a and the plant of the upper support 14a, and the culture solution is also used in the upper support 14a. It is also possible to supply the effluent of the culture solution used for the cultivation of. This is because in the pinching cultivation of tomatoes up to the third inflorescence as in this embodiment, the lower support parts 14b, 14 are used.
In the growth stage on c, reproductive growth is the main, and as described above, the fruits in the third inflorescence are bloated, and since they are in the coloring phase, the fruits do not have to be strictly controlled in the composition of the culture solution. By not affecting the quality of.

On the other hand, the medium 12 of the third and fourth cultivation beds 12, 13 newly placed on the upper support portion 14a.
The seedlings 17 and 18 planted in b and 13b are allowed to grow upward until the predetermined time described above. In this case, since the first and second cultivation beds 10 and 11 are placed on the lower-stage supporting portions 14b and 14c, the plants (seedlings 15 and 16) of the first and second cultivating beds 10 and 11 are placed on the upper-stage supporting portions 14a. The light supplied to the seedlings 17 and 18 of the fourth cultivation beds 12 and 13 is not blocked.

After that, the first and second cultivation beds 1
Harvest fruits from 0,11 plants (15,16)
The cultivation beds 10 and 11 are discarded or the medium is removed to prepare for reuse. Next, the third and fourth cultivation beds 12 and 13 are respectively attached to the lower stage support portion 14
b, 14c, another two cultivation beds are arranged on the upper stage support portion 14a, and the above steps are repeated.

The tomato cultivated in this way has an increased yield. In the above-mentioned Examples, cultivation of up to 3-stage inflorescence was possible for 8 cycles per year. The yield was about 1.5 times when compared with the conventional cultivation method (when two cycles were cultivated in an eight-stage flower cluster for two cycles per year).

In the present embodiment, the cultivation method was explained using a cultivation bed having a two-stage support part for the cultivation bed, but a cultivation device having three middle, upper, and lower support parts may be used. In this case, the cultivation in the upper and lower two-stage support portions 14a, 14b, and 14c in the above-described embodiment corresponds to the cultivation in the middle and lower two-stage support portions in the cultivation device having three stages, and the above-mentioned upper stage. Seedlings are grown before the cultivation stage, that is, at the earliest stage of flower bud differentiation and at the latest stage of late seedling. For example, after sowing, at the early stage of flower bud differentiation, that is, when about 2 to 4 true leaves have been developed, the seedlings are transplanted to the block-type medium and at the same time transferred to the cultivation container, and the cultivation container is arranged in the upper stage. It grows to the beginning of fruiting at the latest.
In addition, the seedlings were transplanted to the block-type medium around the emergence stage of the first leaf of the true leaf, without the timing of transferring the seedlings to the block-type medium and the time of transferring the block-type medium to the cultivation container at the same time. The seedlings may be raised as they are and transferred to the above-mentioned cultivation container when 2 to 4 true leaves have been developed. After that, at the latest, it grows up to the early stage of fruiting and then moves to the middle stage.

After moving to the middle stage, as in the above embodiment,
Cultivate in the middle stage at the earliest to the early stage of fruiting, at the latest in the harvest period, preferably until the plucking period, then move to the lower stage, and cultivate in the lower stage until the end of harvest.

In the above description, cultivation is started from sowing in all cases, but it goes without saying that cultivation may be started from cuttings or grafts.

The present invention is based on the above-mentioned two-stage cultivation, 3
It is possible to cultivate not only stage cultivation but also 4 stages or more, but the cultivation period or moving time at each stage can be determined as follows from the results of the above-mentioned 2 stage cultivation and 3 stage cultivation. .

First, the total cultivation period (T ₁ ) and the harvesting period (H) from sowing, cutting or grafting to the end of harvesting are planned. These T ₁ and H differ depending on the cultivation time due to the influence of temperature, sunshine time, etc., but an approximate period is set based on past cultivation experience. And, the number of stages (N) of the cultivation device is
It is set as an integer satisfying H × N ≦ T ₁ , and the cultivation period at each stage is set to the same period as the planned harvest period (H). As a result, the cultivation period for each stage corresponding to the number of stages (N) is determined. The moving time is after the end of the cultivation period in each stage. Further, the seedling raising period (P) from the sowing, cutting or grafting to moving to the uppermost stage of the cultivation apparatus is P = T ₁ -H
Determined by × N. In the case of P = 0, cultivation is performed at the uppermost stage of the cultivation device from the stage of sowing, cutting or grafting.

The above is the case where T ₁ and H are first set and determined. First, the number of stages of the cultivation device (N) and the cultivation period (T ₂ ) from the uppermost stage to the lowermost stage on the cultivation device are determined. When planning and setting, the cultivation period (G) at each stage is G = T
It can be calculated by ₂ / N.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, an example in which tomato is cultivated is explained, but it is of course possible to apply it to plants other than tomato. It goes without saying that the timing of movement from each stage to the next stage in that case varies within the range described above.

[0028]

When the plant cultivation method of the present invention is applied, the loss period during which fruit cannot be harvested is reduced, the harvest is continuous, and the yield is increased as compared with the conventional method. In particular, since the harvest is not concentrated in one period, the work effort is dispersed and the work efficiency is improved as a result. Moreover, there is no problem in terms of quality, because the light conditions in the growing stage from the beginning of cultivation to the first half are good. In addition, since the cultivation is carried out in a plurality of stages of the supporting section, it is possible to perform fertilization management suitable for the growth stage of each plant. In particular, it is sufficient to strictly manage fertilization in the first half of the growth stage where vegetative growth is mainly performed, and it is not necessary to manage fertilization while balancing vegetative growth and reproductive growth such as long-stage cultivation. If you look at it, fertilization management becomes easy. Further, since the work items for each stage are fixed, the work is easy and rational. Further, in the latter half of the growth stage where reproductive growth is mainly performed, there is no problem in quality even if the drainage of the culture medium supplied in the first half growth stage where mainly vegetative growth is performed does not affect the quality, environmental measures, culture medium cost, This is beneficial in terms of drainage treatment cost.

From the above, it can be said that the plant cultivation method of the present invention and the cultivation apparatus used in the plant cultivation method are suitable for automation and labor saving of cultivation work and large-scale cultivation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which seedlings are planted in two cultivation beds arranged in an upper stage support in an embodiment of the method for cultivating a plant of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the two cultivation beds placed on the upper stage support part are moved to the lower stage support part in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which another two cultivation beds are newly arranged on a vacant upper stage support portion in the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 1st cultivation bed 11 2nd cultivation bed 12 3rd cultivation bed 13 4th cultivation bed 14 Plant cultivation apparatus 14a Upper stage support part 14b Lower stage support part 14c Lower stage support part 15 Seedling 16 Seedling 17 Seedling 18 Seedling

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A method of cultivating a plurality of plants in at least one row in the longitudinal direction of the cultivating bed, wherein a cultivating device capable of supporting the cultivating bed at at least two upper and lower tiers is used to cultivate the cultivating bed. After cultivating the plant by arranging at each stage of the cultivating device until a predetermined growth process, the cultivating bed is sequentially moved to the lower stage, the lowermost cultivating bed is removed, and a new cultivating bed is placed at the uppermost stage which becomes a void. A method for cultivating plants, which comprises repeating the replenishment and arrangement of 2. Based on the planned total cultivation period (T ₁ ) from sowing, cutting, or grafting to the end of harvest and the planned harvesting period (H), the number of stages (N) of the cultivation apparatus is H ×
N is an integer (N) that satisfies the formula of N ≦ T ₁ , the cultivation period at each stage is the same as the planned harvest period (H), and the seeding, cuttings, or grafts are transferred to the top stage of the cultivation device. The seedling raising period (P) before moving is P = T ₁ −H × N
The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein the period (P) satisfies the formula (1). 3. The number of stages (N) of the cultivation device and the cultivation period (T ₂ ) from the uppermost stage to the lowermost stage on the cultivation device are appropriately set, and the cultivation period (G) at each stage is G = The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation period (G) satisfies the formula of T ₂ / N. 4. A two-stage cultivating device is used, wherein plants are cultivated in the upper stage at the earliest to the early stage of fruiting and in the upper stage until the beginning of harvest at the latest, and then transferred to the lower stage, and thereafter cultivated in the lower stage until the end of harvest. 3. The plant cultivation method according to any one of 3 above. 5. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 4, wherein the plant is cultivated in the upper stage until the plucking period, transferred to the lower stage, and thereafter cultivated in the lower stage until the end of harvesting. 6. A cultivation apparatus having three stages is used, and a plant is cultivated in the upper stage at the earliest to the early stage of flower bud differentiation, at the latest to the early stage of fruiting, and transferred to the middle stage, and the plant is harvested at the earliest stage to the early stage of fruiting at the latest. The method of cultivating a plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant is cultivated in the middle stage, transferred to the lower stage, and then cultivated in the lower stage until the end of harvesting. 7. A plant is cultivated in the upper stage at the earliest until the early stage of flower bud differentiation and at the latest at the earliest stage at the early stage of fruiting, and then moved to the middle stage. Item 7. The plant cultivation method according to item 6. 8. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein as the plant, a plant grown by a cultivation method or a branching method in which three or less different sites are successively flowered and bear fruit is used. 9. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein the plant is tomato. 10. A cultivating bed is provided with a plurality of stages of supporting portions arranged at different heights according to a growing process of plants.
A cultivating device capable of sequentially moving from the uppermost support portion to the lowermost support portion and growing it.