CN116616170A - Breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai - Google Patents
Breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai Download PDFInfo
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- CN116616170A CN116616170A CN202310865813.6A CN202310865813A CN116616170A CN 116616170 A CN116616170 A CN 116616170A CN 202310865813 A CN202310865813 A CN 202310865813A CN 116616170 A CN116616170 A CN 116616170A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010211 insect pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000005849 recognition of pollen Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai, and belongs to the technical field of Wuta-tsai cultivation. The invention relates to a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai, which comprises the following steps: s1, soil preparation and seedling cultivation: selecting soil which is not planted with the vegetables of the same family and has strong water and fertilizer retention as a seedbed, and carrying out greenhouse isolation or distance isolation on the seedbed; s2, seed scattering and sowing: accelerating germination of the self-incompatible Wuta-tsai seeds, and carrying out low-temperature treatment on the seeds after accelerating germination. The breeding method for maintaining the variety diversity of the Wuta-tsai solves the problem that the variety diversity of the prior Wuta-tsai cannot be ensured, ensures the purity of the genetic corresponding characteristics of the Wuta-tsai through natural powder receiving, removes the buds with poor growth vigor by artificial powder receiving, leaves the buds with vigorous growth, and grows Wuta-tsai of different varieties, thereby maintaining the variety diversity of the Wuta-tsai.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Wuta-tsai cultivation, in particular to a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai.
Background
Wuta-tsai is a variety of brassica species, brassica napus subspecies of Brassicaceae, and is mainly distributed in Yangtze river and Huaihe river basin in original China, and has a cultivation history of nearly thousands years, and has been recorded in related literature of Song dynasty and Ming dynasty. The Wuta-tsai is cultivated in the middle and downstream of Yangtze river generally, and can be produced all year round and supplied all the year round.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN105815211A discloses a method for improving the hybridization efficiency of self-incompatibility Wuta-tsai, which mainly aims at the characteristics of low efficiency of labor-consuming and time-consuming hybridization of Wuta-tsai, and improves the hybridization efficiency of Wuta-tsai through isolation, reasonable assembly, bagging, removal of shrunken grains and the like. The invention has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, good effect and the like.
Although the application solves the problems of great workload, labor and time consumption of hybridization breeding and hybrid utilization of Wuta-tsai in the background technology to a certain extent, in the application, the self-cross incompatibility is improved by adopting the self-cross mode for pollination, but the variety diversity of the Wuta-tsai is not ensured, and the adaptability of the Wuta-tsai to the environment is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai, which ensures purity of genetic corresponding characteristics of Wuta-tsai through natural powder receiving, removes buds with poor growth vigor by artificial powder receiving, leaves buds with vigorous growth, and grows Wuta-tsai of different varieties, thereby maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai and solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai, comprising the steps of:
s1, soil preparation and seedling cultivation: selecting soil which is not planted with the vegetables of the same family and has strong water and fertilizer retention as a seedbed, and carrying out greenhouse isolation or distance isolation on the seedbed;
s2, seed scattering and sowing: accelerating germination of self-incompatible Wuta-tsai seeds, low-temperature treatment of the seeds after the germination, sprinkling the seeds after the low-temperature treatment on a seedbed, and transplanting when 4-5 true leaves are obtained;
s3, transplanting: digging holes before transplanting, planting the transplanted vegetable seedlings into the holes, and planting two vegetable seedlings close to each other, wherein dead seedlings appear in the later stage, and timely reseeding is needed;
s4, natural powder receiving: before the Wuta-tsai flowers, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together downwards through the insect-proof net bag opening, the bottom opening of the bag is compacted through soil, and after the Wuta-tsai flowers bloom, the Wuta-tsai plants in the same insect-proof net bag are naturally pollinated;
s5, timely harvesting: after the seeds are ripe, harvesting all the Wuta-tsai strains, removing the shrunken seeds, and obtaining the effective seed harvest of the single Wuta-tsai strain;
s6, selecting seeds and culturing seedlings: carrying out low-temperature treatment after accelerating germination on the obtained effective seeds, selecting a new seedbed for seedling and sowing, and carrying out transplanting again at equal intervals;
s7, artificial powder: ten flowers with better growth vigor are selected for each plant, after the hands and the pollination tool are sterilized by alcohol, the flowers are pollinated by forceps by adopting a manual method, and the flowers are bagged;
s8, harvesting seeds: and after the seeds subjected to artificial powder are ripe, harvesting the seeds, removing the shrunken seeds, and obtaining effective seeds.
Preferably, the germination accelerating step of the Wuta-tsai seeds comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting seeds for sunning for 2 days on a sunny day, selecting seeds with saline water, removing empty grains and eliminating flat grains;
soaking seeds in 55-60deg.C warm water for 10-15 min, taking out, and standing in shade for 12 hr.
Preferably, the pH of the brine is 5-6 and the effective chlorine concentration is 40-50mg/L.
Preferably, the low temperature treatment comprises the following steps:
firstly, completely draining the water on the surface of the seeds, putting the seeds into a refrigerator at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ for refrigeration for 3-5 days, taking the seeds out of the refrigerator, putting the seeds into a room, and after the seeds return to the room temperature, sowing the seeds.
Preferably, the digging step before transplanting is as follows:
the field is turned over and planted, and holes are formed in a staggered mode according to two different spacing distances, so that the distance interval between two vegetable seedlings close to each other is short, the two vegetable seedlings form a group, the distance between each group is long, and the field planting row spacing is 1.2-1.4 meters.
Preferably, the distance between two vegetable seedlings which are planted close to each other is set to be 20-30 cm, and the distance between each group of vegetable seedlings is set to be 40-60 cm.
Preferably, the specific steps of the natural powder receiving method are as follows:
before the Wuta-tsai flowers, 4-6 small bamboo pole struts are arranged around the Wuta-tsai which are close to each other, the height of each small bamboo pole strut is 1.5 times of the total height of the Wuta-tsai, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together by an insect-proof net sleeve bag mouth downwards, and the bottom mouth of the bag is compacted by soil;
at the early stage of flowering, a separation plate is arranged between the insect-proof net bags, the separation plate is higher than the insect-proof net bags in height, and meanwhile, the illumination of the Wuta-tsai cannot be shielded;
after flowering, the Wuta-tsai plants are periodically shaken to accelerate pollination, and after the flowering period is finished, isolation is removed.
Preferably, the insect-proof net bagging adopts more than 60 meshes, and the small bamboo pole support rod supports the insect-proof net bagging mouth, so that the insect-proof net bagging is not contacted with the Wuta-tsai flowers.
Preferably, the specific steps of the artificial powder are as follows:
in the bud period, selecting a bud with better growth, bagging the bud, and removing the non-selected bud;
after the buds are opened, other pollen which is bagged in advance is coated on the bud heads, and the pollen is bagged immediately before and after pollination so as to prevent insect pollination.
Preferably, the other pollen of the artificial fertilization is from Wuta-tsai planted by different Wuta-tsai seeds in the natural fertilization stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, two wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together by natural powder receiving through an insect-proof net bagging mouth downwards, the bag bottom mouth is compacted by soil, after flowers, wuta-tsai plants in the same insect-proof net bagging are naturally pollinated, the wuta-tsai plants can be prevented from being influenced by other plants, the purity of the genetic corresponding characteristics of wuta-tsai plants can be ensured, then artificial powder receiving is utilized to remove buds with poor growth vigor, the buds with vigorous growth are left, inferior genes under the same genetic condition of wuta-tsai plants are removed, during artificial powder receiving, wuta-tsai plants generated by different seeds are subjected to artificial pollination, and various excellent genetic characteristics are hybridized to obtain wuta-tsai plants of different varieties, so that the variety diversity of wuta-tsai plants is maintained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the problem that the existing pollination method adopting selfing improves the self-incompatibility, but the variety diversity of the Wuta-tsai is not guaranteed, and the adaptability of the Wuta-tsai to the environment is affected, referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides the following technical scheme: a breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai, comprising the steps of:
s1, soil preparation and seedling cultivation: selecting soil which is not planted with the vegetables of the same family and has strong water and fertilizer retention as a seedbed, carrying out greenhouse isolation or distance isolation on the seedbed, applying 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu before sowing, deep-ploughing for 30 cm, preparing land, making a flat field furrow, irrigating the seedbed, and scattering seeds and sowing after the water seeps dry;
s2, seed scattering and sowing: accelerating germination of self-incompatible Wuta-tsai seeds, carrying out low-temperature treatment on the seeds after the germination, scattering the seeds after the low-temperature treatment on a seedbed, covering fine soil for 1 cm, and sowing about 1 kg per mu; after emergence of seedlings, keeping the seedling bed moist and timely weeding the seedlings; when the first true leaves are developed, the animal manure water with 12% of the watering and topdressing is combined once, and 4-5 true leaves can be transplanted;
the germination accelerating method of the Wuta-tsai seeds comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting seeds for sunning for 2 days on a sunny day, selecting the seeds with saline water, removing empty particles, eliminating flat particles, wherein the pH value of the saline water is 6, and the effective chlorine concentration is 50mg/L;
soaking seeds in 55deg.C warm water for 12 min, taking out the seeds from the warm water, placing in shade, keeping the surfaces of the seeds moist, and standing for 12 hr.
The low temperature treatment comprises the following steps:
the water on the surface of the seeds is drained completely, the seeds are placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3 ℃ for refrigeration for 5 days, the seeds are taken out of the refrigerator and placed in a room, and after the seeds are restored to the room temperature, the seeds can be sown.
S3, transplanting: digging holes before transplanting, planting the transplanted vegetable seedlings into the holes, and planting two vegetable seedlings close to each other, wherein dead seedlings appear in the later stage, and timely reseeding is needed; root systems and stems and leaves are damaged as little as possible during transplanting, so that mechanical wounds are avoided, diseases are induced, the planting load is shallow, the first true leaves are above the ground surface, the water demand of the Wuta-tsai is large, watering is timely carried out before seedling reviving, watering is carried out continuously when the air temperature is high in early autumn, soil is kept moist, and watering is carried out once again 10 days after seedling reviving;
the digging step before transplanting is as follows:
the field is turned over, holes are formed according to the staggered arrangement of two different spacing distances, the distance interval between two vegetable seedlings close to each other is short, the two vegetable seedlings are in one group, the distance between each group is long, the distance between the two vegetable seedlings close to each other is set to be 20 cm, the distance between each group of vegetable seedlings is set to be 60 cm, and the row spacing of field planting is set to be 1.3 m, so that the operation is convenient.
S4, natural powder receiving: before the Wuta-tsai flowers, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together downwards through the insect-proof net bag opening, the bottom opening of the bag is compacted through soil, and after the Wuta-tsai flowers bloom, the Wuta-tsai plants in the same insect-proof net bag are naturally pollinated;
the specific steps of natural powder receiving are as follows:
before the Wuta-tsai flowers, 4-6 small bamboo pole struts are arranged around the Wuta-tsai which are close to each other, the height of each small bamboo pole strut is 1.5 times of the total height of the Wuta-tsai, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together by an insect-proof net sleeve bag mouth downwards, and the bottom mouth of the bag is compacted by soil; the insect-proof net bag adopts more than 60 meshes, the small bamboo pole support rod supports the mouth of the insect-proof net bag, the insect-proof net bag is not contacted with the Wuta-tsai flowers, the insect-proof net bag is a certain distance away from the Wuta-tsai flowers, and a certain accommodating space is formed by the insect-proof net bag, so that the Wuta-tsai flowers are prevented from overflowing from the insect-proof net bag;
at the early stage of flowering, a separation plate is arranged between the insect-proof net bags, the separation plate is higher than the insect-proof net bags in height, and meanwhile, the illumination of the Wuta-tsai cannot be shielded;
after flowering, the Wuta-tsai plants are periodically shaken to accelerate pollination, and after the flowering period is finished, isolation is removed.
S5, timely harvesting: after the seeds are ripe, harvesting all the Wuta-tsai strains, removing the shrunken seeds to obtain the effective seed harvest of the single Wuta-tsai, wherein the Wuta-tsai prefers nitrogenous fertilizer, so that the soil for planting the Wuta-tsai requires rich soil with high organic matters, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in the growing process;
s6, selecting seeds and culturing seedlings: carrying out low-temperature treatment after accelerating germination on the obtained effective seeds, selecting a new seedbed for seedling and sowing, and carrying out transplanting again at equal intervals;
s7, artificial powder: ten flowers with better growth vigor are selected for each plant, after the hands and the pollination tool are sterilized by alcohol, the flowers are pollinated by forceps by adopting a manual method, and the flowers are bagged;
the specific steps of artificial powder receiving are as follows:
in the bud period, selecting a bud with better growth, bagging the bud, and removing the non-selected bud;
after the buds are opened, other pollen which is bagged in advance is coated on the bud heads, and the pollen is bagged immediately before and after pollination so as to prevent insect pollination.
The other pollen of the artificial fertilization comes from the Wuta-tsai planted by different Wuta-tsai seeds in the natural fertilization stage, the seeds of the Wuta-tsai collected after the natural fertilization are collected according to the plant, the collected seeds of each plant are marked for sowing during seed selection and seedling culture, and the Wuta-tsai generated by different seeds is pollinated artificially during the artificial fertilization.
S8, harvesting seeds: and after the seeds subjected to artificial powder are ripe, harvesting the seeds, removing the shrunken seeds, and obtaining effective seeds.
By adopting the method, the seeds of the Hui Wu No. 4 self-incompatible line Wuta-tsai are bred, after natural pollination, 3 different Wuta-tsai seeds are selected for marking, the seeds are respectively marked as Z1 to Z3, after planting the seeds of Z1 to Z3, artificial pollination is carried out, during artificial pollination, the powder of Z1 plants for Z2 is marked as example one, the powder of Z2 plants for Z3 is marked as example two, the powder of Z3 plants for Z1 is marked as example three, meanwhile, the pollination of the same plants as Z1 plants for Z1 is marked as example one, the powder of Z2 plants for Z2 is marked as example two, the powder of Z3 plants for Z3 is marked as example three, the seeds of examples one to three and the seeds of comparative examples one to three are planted, and the following data are obtained:
from the table, it can be seen that the wuta-tsai planted in the first to third embodiments has a certain difference in bolting rate, flowering rate, seed setting condition and seed germination rate, the wuta-tsai planted in the seeds in the first to third embodiments has various varieties, and the wuta-tsai planted in the comparative examples one to third embodiments has a convergence in bolting rate, flowering rate, seed setting condition and seed germination rate, and the difference is not large, which indicates that artificial pollination adopts pollination between the same plants, and the variety diversity of wuta-tsai cannot be improved.
To sum up: according to the breeding method for keeping variety diversity of the Wuta-tsai, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together by using an insect-proof net sleeve bag mouth downwards through natural powder receiving, the bag bottom mouth is compacted by using soil, after flowers, the Wuta-tsai plants in the same insect-proof net sleeve bag are naturally pollinated, the Wuta-tsai plants can be prevented from being influenced by other plants, the purity of genetic corresponding characteristics of the Wuta-tsai plants can be ensured, artificial powder receiving is utilized to remove buds with poor growth vigor, buds with vigorous growth are left, inferior genes under the same genetic condition of the Wuta-tsai plants are removed, artificial pollination is carried out on Wuta-tsai plants generated by different seeds during artificial powder receiving, and hybridization is carried out on various excellent genetic characteristics, so that variety diversity of Wuta-tsai plants can be kept.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai, comprising the steps of:
s1, soil preparation and seedling cultivation: selecting soil which is not planted with the vegetables of the same family and has strong water and fertilizer retention as a seedbed, and carrying out greenhouse isolation or distance isolation on the seedbed;
s2, seed scattering and sowing: accelerating germination of self-incompatible Wuta-tsai seeds, low-temperature treatment of the seeds after the germination, sprinkling the seeds after the low-temperature treatment on a seedbed, and transplanting when 4-5 true leaves are obtained;
s3, transplanting: digging holes before transplanting, planting the transplanted vegetable seedlings into the holes, and planting two vegetable seedlings close to each other, wherein dead seedlings appear in the later stage, and timely reseeding is needed;
s4, natural powder receiving: before the Wuta-tsai flowers, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together downwards through the insect-proof net bag opening, the bottom opening of the bag is compacted through soil, and after the Wuta-tsai flowers bloom, the Wuta-tsai plants in the same insect-proof net bag are naturally pollinated;
s5, timely harvesting: after the seeds are ripe, harvesting all the Wuta-tsai strains, removing the shrunken seeds, and obtaining the effective seed harvest of the single Wuta-tsai strain;
s6, selecting seeds and culturing seedlings: carrying out low-temperature treatment after accelerating germination on the obtained effective seeds, selecting a new seedbed for seedling and sowing, and carrying out transplanting again at equal intervals;
s7, artificial powder: ten flowers with better growth vigor are selected for each plant, after the hands and the pollination tool are sterilized by alcohol, the flowers are pollinated by forceps by adopting a manual method, and the flowers are bagged;
s8, harvesting seeds: and after the seeds subjected to artificial powder are ripe, harvesting the seeds, removing the shrunken seeds, and obtaining effective seeds.
2. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 1, wherein: the germination accelerating method of the Wuta-tsai seeds comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting seeds for sunning for 2 days on a sunny day, selecting seeds with saline water, removing empty grains and eliminating flat grains;
soaking seeds in 55-60deg.C warm water for 10-15 min, taking out, and standing in shade for 12 hr.
3. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 2, wherein: the pH of the brine is 5-6, and the effective chlorine concentration is 40-50mg/L.
4. A breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 3, wherein: the low temperature treatment comprises the following steps:
firstly, completely draining the water on the surface of the seeds, putting the seeds into a refrigerator at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ for refrigeration for 3-5 days, taking the seeds out of the refrigerator, putting the seeds into a room, and after the seeds return to the room temperature, sowing the seeds.
5. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of Wuta-tsai according to claim 4, wherein: the digging step before transplanting is as follows:
the field is turned over and planted, and holes are formed in a staggered mode according to two different spacing distances, so that the distance interval between two vegetable seedlings close to each other is short, the two vegetable seedlings form a group, the distance between each group is long, and the field planting row spacing is 1.2-1.4 meters.
6. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 5, wherein: the distance between two vegetable seedlings which are close to each other and planted together is set to be 20-30 cm, and the distance between each group of vegetable seedlings is set to be 40-60 cm.
7. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 6, wherein: the specific steps of the natural powder are as follows:
before the Wuta-tsai flowers, 4-6 small bamboo pole struts are arranged around the Wuta-tsai which are close to each other, the height of each small bamboo pole strut is 1.5 times of the total height of the Wuta-tsai, two Wuta-tsai plants are sleeved together by an insect-proof net sleeve bag mouth downwards, and the bottom mouth of the bag is compacted by soil;
at the early stage of flowering, a separation plate is arranged between the insect-proof net bags, the separation plate is higher than the insect-proof net bags in height, and meanwhile, the illumination of the Wuta-tsai cannot be shielded;
after flowering, the Wuta-tsai plants are periodically shaken to accelerate pollination, and after the flowering period is finished, isolation is removed.
8. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 7, wherein: the insect-proof net bag adopts more than 60 meshes, and small bamboo pole support rods support the insect-proof net bag mouth, and the insect-proof net bag is not contacted with the Wuta-tsai flowers.
9. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 8, wherein: the specific steps of the artificial powder receiving method are as follows:
in the bud period, selecting a bud with better growth, bagging the bud, and removing the non-selected bud;
after the buds are opened, other pollen which is bagged in advance is coated on the bud heads, and the pollen is bagged immediately before and after pollination so as to prevent insect pollination.
10. The breeding method for maintaining variety diversity of wuta-tsai according to claim 9, wherein: the pollen of other strains of artificial pollination is from Wuta-tsai planted by different strains of Wuta-tsai seeds in the natural pollination stage.
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| CN103461100A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Purple Wuta-tsai breeding method |
| CN104756855A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for accelerating wuta-tsai seed selection |
| CN105815211A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-08-03 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for improving self-incompatibility Wuta-tsai hybridization efficiency |
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| CN103461100A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Purple Wuta-tsai breeding method |
| CN104756855A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for accelerating wuta-tsai seed selection |
| CN105815211A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-08-03 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for improving self-incompatibility Wuta-tsai hybridization efficiency |
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