CN108651272B - Breeding method of peaches with low cold demand - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of peaches with low cold demand, which comprises the steps of firstly, selecting peach germplasm with low cold demand as a male parent and peach germplasm with high cold demand as a female parent to perform hybridization, and harvesting hybridized fruits and fruits obtained by self-pollination of male parent trees after the fruits are mature; taking out the seed kernels of the fruits, cleaning, and drying in the shade for storage; breaking seed core, soaking seed in carbendazim solution containing gibberellin; after soaking, washing, transferring the seeds to a glass culture dish kept moist, and putting the glass culture dish into a refrigerator for culture; after the seeds germinate, the seeds are sequentially taken out and planted until the germination number of the seeds of the male parent tree fruits reaches half, and the remaining ungerminated seeds are eliminated; culturing seedlings and keeping the seedlings dry; after growing up, transferring into a large nutrition bag, putting into a greenhouse for culturing and overwintering; transplanting to high-altitude mountainous regions for open field cultivation 4 months later, and eliminating individuals incapable of forming full flower buds in winter in the current year. The method is simple to operate, low in cost, suitable for large-scale screening and suitable for popularization.

Description

Breeding method of peaches with low cold demand

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of peach breeding methods, and particularly relates to a low-cold-demand peach breeding method.

Background

The peaches need to be dormant in winter, and the natural dormancy needs to pass through under certain low-temperature conditions for a period of time, and then flowers and fruits can be produced. The total accumulated hours of the peaches at the effective low temperature in the natural dormancy period is called the cold demand of the variety. Only if the cold quantity required by the peaches is satisfied, the natural dormancy can be smoothly completed, and the next growth and development cycle (especially normal flowering and fruiting) is carried out, otherwise, other environmental conditions are suitable again, and the peaches do not bloom or only bloom and do not bear fruits. Different peach varieties have different cold demand requirements. The low-cold-demand peaches are easy to be cultivated in open field in south areas or artificially in greenhouse.

The peaches with different cooling requirements show different biological characteristics. For example, in the same genetic population, the lower the cold requirement, the deeper the root system distribution, and the greater the overground vegetative growth; the cold requirement is obviously related to the expansion of leaf buds, the opening of leaf buds, the growth starting time of the expanded leaves and branches and the related coefficient of the leaf fall period. The early selection of peaches with low cold requirement can be carried out by utilizing the characteristics.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem is as follows: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of peaches with low cold requirement.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a breeding method of peaches with low cold requirement, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: selecting low-cold-demand peach germplasm as a male parent, selecting medium-high-cold-demand peach germplasm with a fruit growth period of more than 90 days as a female parent, artificially castrating the female parent, then imparting pollen to the male parent, harvesting hybrid fruits after the fruits are mature, and simultaneously harvesting 30-40 fruits obtained by self-pollination of male parent trees; taking out kernels from all the harvested fruits, and sequentially cleaning, drying in the shade and storing all the seeds and kernels which are taken out;

step 2: breaking all seed kernels, taking out seeds of the hybrid fruits and the male parent tree fruits, and soaking all the seeds in 2000 times of carbendazim solution, wherein gibberellin powder is added into the carbendazim solution simultaneously in the preparation process to enable the final concentration of gibberellin to reach 10-20 mg/L; after soaking, washing the seeds under running water, respectively transferring the washed seeds into a glass culture dish kept moist, and then putting the culture dish into a refrigerator for culturing at the temperature of 4-7 ℃;

and step 3: after the first seed germinates, the germinated seeds are taken out and planted respectively according to the germination sequence, and when the seeds of the male parent tree fruits germinate to half, all ungerminated seeds are eliminated;

and 4, step 4: culturing the seedlings grown from the germinated seeds, and keeping the seedlings dry; after the hybrid offspring seedlings grow up, transferring into a large nutrition bag, and putting into a greenhouse for continuous culture and overwintering;

and 5: transplanting the hybrid offspring seedlings to high-altitude mountainous regions for open field cultivation 4 months later, enhancing fertilizer and water management, controlling vigorous growth of branch tips, eliminating individuals incapable of forming full flower buds in winter in the same year, and obtaining the remaining individuals with visible flower buds as the low-cold-demand peaches.

As a preferable scheme: in the step 2, the carbendazim solution is soaked for 2 hours; the time for washing the seeds under flowing water is 30 min.

As a further preferable scheme: the glass petri dish kept moist in step 2 was a glass petri dish padded with moist filter paper.

As a further preferable scheme: and 3, adopting air-permeable peat soil as the soil for planting after the seeds germinate.

As a further preferable scheme: and (4) irrigating with 2000 times of carbendazim solution every 3-5 days during seedling management in the step 4 to prevent diseases.

Has the advantages that: the peach seedlings obtained by screening after the seeds are treated by the technical method provided by the invention show an obvious tendency of low cold requirement flowering after the hybrid peach seedlings are grown up.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Example 1

Relevant experiments were conducted in 2013 at the research institute of fruit trees of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province. The experimental female parent peach variety is 'Muyang honey' (the fruit growth period is 110 days, and the cold requirement is more than 700 hours), and the experimental male parent peach variety is 'Taiwan crisp peach' (the fruit growth period is 85 days, and the cold requirement is less than 300 hours). Hybridizing in 3-8 days, collecting the seed kernel of hybridized fruit in 6-30 days, washing, drying in the shade, and storing in a drier. Compared with the wild peach variety, the wild peach variety 'Taiwan crisp peach' is ripe within 5 months and 30 days, fruits are collected, seed kernels are reserved, the wild peach variety is cleaned and dried in the shade, and the wild peach variety 'Taiwan crisp peach' is preserved in a dryer.

And 7, 10 days in 2013, breaking the seeds, respectively taking out the hybrid seeds and the seeds of the Taiwan crisp peaches, and selecting full and robust seeds for culturing. There were 98 seeds of the hybrid, 'Taiwan brittle peach' 40 seeds. The mixture is soaked in 2000-fold carbendazim solution containing 10mg/L of gibberellin for 2 hours and washed with running water for 30 minutes. Transferring to wet filter paper of glass culture dish, covering the culture dish, and culturing in refrigerator at 4-7 deg.C. After 10 days, the seeds continued in the dish and started to germinate. Observing every day, removing the germinated seeds, inoculating a breathable peat soil culture medium, watering and moisturizing. The inoculation of seeds was stopped until the day when the 20 th seed of the Taiwan brittle peach was found to germinate, and all the seeds that had not yet germinated up to this point were discarded. Then the seedlings are normally managed, and the seedlings are irrigated by 2000 times of carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent diseases. After the seedlings grow up, the seedlings are transferred into a large nutrition bag and put into a greenhouse to be continuously cultured for overwintering, and the condition that the leaves do not fall is ensured.

On 3 days 4 months in 2014, 37 peach plants about 1 meter high are planted in high-altitude mountainous regions with soil together with the nutrition bag. The fertilizer and water management is enhanced, the controlled release fertilizer is mainly applied, and the low-concentration paclobutrazol is sprayed once in summer to control vigorous growth. In the same year, flower buds can be formed after the peach leaves fall off in winter. In 2 months of 2015, the flowering time of 33 peaches is close to that of the male parent Taiwan brittle peaches (the time difference is not more than 5 days), and the cold requirement is calculated to be about 250-350 hours, so that the peaches are low-cold-requirement peaches.

Example 2

Related experiments were performed in 2015 at the research institute of fruit trees of academy of agricultural sciences of Fujian province. The experimental female parent peach variety is 'Zhongping flat peach No. 11' (the growth period of the fruits is 120 days, and the cold requirement is more than 700 hours), and the experimental male parent peach variety is 'HB 2' (the growth period of the fruits is 85 days, and the cold requirement is less than 300 hours). Hybridizing in 3 months and 20 days, collecting the seed kernels remained in the hybridized fruits in 7 months and 20 days, cleaning, drying in the shade, and storing in a dryer. Compared with the method, the male parent peach variety 'HB 2' is ripe in 6 months and 10 days, fruits are collected, seed kernels are reserved, the seeds are washed and dried in the shade, and the seeds are stored in a dryer.

And (5) breaking the nucleus and respectively taking out hybrid seeds and 'HB 2' seeds on 22 days 7 months in 2015, and selecting full and robust seeds for culturing. There were 43 hybrid seeds, 'HB 2' 30 seeds in total. The mixture is soaked in 2000-fold carbendazim solution containing 20mg/L of gibberellin for 2 hours and washed with running water for 30 minutes. Transferring to wet filter paper of glass culture dish, covering the culture dish, and culturing in refrigerator at 4-7 deg.C. After 12 days, the seeds continued in the dish and started to germinate. Observing every day, removing the germinated seeds, inoculating a breathable peat soil culture medium, watering and moisturizing. The inoculation of seeds was stopped until the day when the 15 th 'HB 2' seed was found to germinate, and all the remaining seeds that had not yet germinated until this time were discarded. Then, seedlings are normally managed, and the seedlings are irrigated by 2000 times of carbendazim solution every 3 days to prevent diseases. After the seedlings grow up, the seedlings are transferred into a large nutrition bag and put into a greenhouse to be continuously cultured for overwintering, and the condition that the leaves do not fall is ensured.

In 2016, 4 months and 15 days, 15 peach plants are planted in the high-altitude mountain land with soil together with the nutrition bag. The fertilizer and water management is enhanced, the controlled release fertilizer is mainly applied, and the low-concentration paclobutrazol is sprayed once in summer to control vigorous growth. In the same year, flower buds can be formed after the peach leaves fall off in winter. In 3 months in 2017, the flowering time of 12 peaches is close to that of the male parent 'HB 2' (the time difference is not more than 5 days), and the cold requirement is calculated to be about 250-350 hours, so that the peaches are low-cold-requirement peaches.

Claims (1)

1. A breeding method of peaches with low cold demand is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:

step 1: selecting low-cold-demand peach germplasm as a male parent, selecting medium-high-cold-demand peach germplasm with a fruit growth period of more than 90 days as a female parent, artificially castrating the female parent, then imparting pollen to the male parent, harvesting hybrid fruits after the fruits are mature, and simultaneously harvesting 30-40 fruits obtained by self-pollination of male parent trees; taking out the core of all the harvested fruits, taking out the seed core, and sequentially cleaning, drying in the shade and storing;

step 2: breaking all seed kernels, taking out seeds of the hybrid fruits and the male parent tree fruits, and soaking all the seeds in 2000 times of carbendazim solution for 2 hours, wherein gibberellin powder is added into the carbendazim solution simultaneously in the preparation process to enable the final concentration of gibberellin to reach 10-20 mg/L; after soaking, washing the seeds for 30min under running water, transferring the washed seeds into a glass culture dish which is filled with wet filter paper and kept moist, and putting the culture dish into a refrigerator for culturing at the temperature of 4-7 ℃;

and step 3: after the first seed germinates, the germinated seeds are taken out and planted respectively according to the germination sequence, the soil planted after the seeds germinate adopts the air-permeable peat soil, and when the seeds of the fruits of the male parent trees germinate to half, all the ungerminated seeds are eliminated;

and 4, step 4: culturing the seedlings grown from the germinated seeds, and keeping the seedlings dry; after the hybrid offspring seedlings grow up, transferring into a large nutrition bag, putting into a greenhouse for continuous culture and overwintering, and irrigating with 2000 times of carbendazim solution every 3-5 days during seedling management;

and 5: transplanting the hybrid offspring seedlings to high-altitude mountainous regions for open field cultivation 4 months later, enhancing fertilizer and water management, controlling vigorous growth of branch tips, eliminating individuals incapable of forming full flower buds in winter in the same year, and obtaining the remaining individuals with visible flower buds as the low-cold-demand peaches.