JP2668508B2 - Method and apparatus for cultivating fruits and vegetables - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables using a hydroponic cultivation system and an apparatus therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables using a hydroponic cultivation system, a cultivation bed is installed in the facility leaving a passage, and a large number of plants are planted in the cultivation bed for half a year or 1 year.
Cultivation is performed with one crop per year. Alternatively, there is horizontal open-cut cultivation in which one tomato is planted in the center of the facility and the foliage is developed in a circular shape on the upper shelf. In this case, the diameter of the development area of the foliage on the shelf is about 10 meters, and the period is About one year.

[0003]

However, in the first conventional cultivation method, since it is necessary to provide a passage for each row in consideration of the sunshine condition and workability, the area utilization efficiency of the facility is naturally limited. Yes, and therefore the production volume was at a peak. In this cultivation method, a large number of plants are planted in the facility at regular intervals, and naturally the stems of the crops are extended upward. The required labor was very long.

In addition, all crops in a facility are almost always
Since they are sown at the same time and finished at the same time, there is no yield from sowing to the start of harvesting, and half-sided harvesting starts in the same manner as all the plants, so there is a wide range of annual or inter-crop harvests. Therefore, the amount of work was very large. If all the crops in the facility are not sown at the same time and are sown at different times, the peak harvest season does not overlap and the annual work is averaged, but the height of the plant grows upward according to the growing stage. As for the strains that were sown at different times, naturally, the presence of the taller plants sown before that time deteriorated the sunshine conditions and made it difficult to grow normally.

[0005] On the other hand, in horizontal open-row cultivation, one to three plants are planted in one cultivation bed depending on the crop, and the stems extending above the upper shelf fall down on the shelf by their own weight and continue to elongate. The stems that have developed are almost completely extended without branching, which greatly reduces the attraction and branching work.However, since the final occupation area per plant is large, small plants are scattered throughout the facility at the beginning of growth. The usage efficiency of the area was very poor.

In the latter half of the cultivation, the fruit becomes extremely small and loses its commercial value, and the yellowing and withering of the lower leaves progress rapidly and pests are liable to occur. Because labor was needed,
This cultivation form was used not for production but exclusively for exhibitions for attracting customers.

[0007]

The present invention has been made in view of the above conventional problems, and in cultivation for the production of fruit and vegetables, the utilization efficiency of the area is increased, the yield is increased, and the labor saving of the work is performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating fruit and vegetables and a device used therefor, which achieves the standardization and averaging of the work amount, and can obtain a stable harvest throughout the year without any off-season.

According to the present invention, first, in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables using the nutrient cultivation system, the cultivation mode is horizontal open-row cultivation, and the inside of a facility such as a greenhouse is divided into a nursery area and a harvest area. The area occupied by one strain is the same area, and the crops of multiple growth stages are present at the same time.
Cultivation is performed on one or more cultivation beds, and the cultivation period of the harvest zone and the cultivation period of the nursery zone are as follows: (cultivation period of the harvest zone) ÷ (number of growing stages of the harvest zone) = cultivation period of the nursery zone This is a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables characterized by having.

In the present invention, in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables using the nutrient cultivation system, the cultivation mode is horizontal open-row cultivation, and the inside of a facility such as a greenhouse is divided into a nursery area and a harvest area. The occupied area per share is the same area, and crops at multiple growth stages are present at the same time.
Cultivation is performed on one or more cultivation beds, and the cultivation period of the harvest zone and the cultivation period of the nursery zone are as follows: (cultivation period of the harvest zone) ÷ (number of growing stages of the harvest zone) = cultivation period of the nursery zone In addition, the cultivation bed in the nursery area and the cultivation bed in the harvest area are common, and the number of cultivation beds is (number of cultivation beds in the harvest area) ÷ (number of growing stages in the harvest area) =
This is a method of cultivating fruit and vegetables characterized by the relationship of (number of beds in nursery areas) / (number of growth stages in nursery areas).

In the cultivation of fruits and vegetables using the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation system, the cultivation form is horizontal open cultivation,
The inside of the facility such as a greenhouse is divided into a harvest area in which the area occupied per share is one equal section and a nursery area in which the area occupied per share is one or two equal areas. The seeding time was shifted in the nursery so that 2 to 4 crops at different stages of growth coexist per square meter of facility.
The number of cultivation beds in the harvest area per facility of 20 square meters is 20 to 30, the number of cultivation beds in the nursery area per facility is 5 to 15, and one cultivation bed in both the harvest area and the nursery area. Number of plants to plant in 1 to 6
Further, it is a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables, wherein the cultivation period in the nursery section is 1 to 3 months, and the cultivation period in the harvest section is 3 to 8 months.

Further, the fruit and vegetable cultivation apparatus of the present invention uses horizontal open-row cultivation as a cultivation form, and divides the inside of the facility into a harvest area and a nursery area. It can be loaded on the body part and the stand or frame can be moved,
Each cultivation bed is planted with 1 to 6 plants depending on the type of fruit and vegetables, raising seedlings for 1 to 3 months, cultivation in the harvest area for 3 to 8 months, and dividing the total number of plants in the harvest area by a certain number. ,
Seeding is carried out by shifting a certain number of them, and a certain number of cultivation yield strains are sequentially replaced with the seedlings in the nursery, and in the case of replacement, only the stand itself loaded with the cultivation tank or the frame body loaded with the cultivation bed is transported. It is characterized by being moved on a car.

[0012]

[Function] In the cultivation of fruits and vegetables using the nutrient cultivation system, the cultivation mode is horizontal open cultivation, the facility is divided into a harvest area and a nursery area, and the number of plants in the harvest area is divided by a certain number, and the division is performed. The seeds of each unit were sown at different times, and the seedlings were gradually transferred from the nursery to the harvesting plot, so that the off-season of the harvest was eliminated and a constant yield was secured throughout the year, and the work was averaged throughout the year.

The reason why the cultivation period of the nursery plot is set to one to three months is a result of considering the ease of movement to the harvest plot and the shortening of the unharvest period in the harvest plot. When cucumber, which is the fastest growing crop, is cultivated at an early stage, harvesting takes about 40 days after sowing, but the ease of movement is limited to about 30 days, while the slowest growing season This is because when cultivating tomatoes that grow slowly, it takes about 100 days from the time of sowing until harvesting, and the seedlings can be sufficiently raised for about three months from the viewpoint of the movement of crops.

On the other hand, the reason why the number of cultivation beds in the harvest area is 15 to 30 and the cultivation period in the harvest area is 3 to 8 months for the facility of about 1,000 square meters is that the horizontal permissible cultivation is performed on the shelf per plant. If the diameter of the developed area in the field exceeds 6 to 8 meters depending on the crop, the size of the fruit is reduced rapidly and the yellowing of the lower leaves progresses, so it is most efficient to finish the cultivation at that stage. In the facility area excluding the nursery area, the number of cultivated beds is 20 to 30 as a harvest area, and the cultivation period of the harvest area is about 3 months if cucumber or the like that grows fast is grown early in the growing season. This is because it takes about 8 months to reach the size when a slow-growing tomato or the like is cultivated during the slow-growing period.

The reason why the number of growth stages in the harvest zone is 2 to 4 is that in order to avoid the off-harvest season, it is necessary that two or more strains of different growth stages coexist, and more than 5 This is because, if strains having different growth stages are mixed, the yield of one cycle will be extremely reduced. The number of cultivation beds in the nursery plot was set to 5 to 15 with respect to the number of cultivation beds in the harvest plot because it corresponds to the number of strains to be sown at the same time when the number of growth stages in the harvest plot is 2 to 4. is there.

The cultivation beds in the nursery plot and the harvest plot are both supported by a frame and a lower frame, an induction frame is set on the frame, and wheels and adjusters are mounted on the lower portion of the frame to raise seedlings. During the initial stocking, the stock can be moved freely with the frame and the frame while the stock is swapped by the wheels below the mount when the stock is replaced. It was easy to secure the gantry and secure the horizontal position.

On the other hand, the frame is fixed both in the nursery area and the harvest area, and the frame on which the casters are mounted is loaded on the frame so that the frame and the frame can be separated. If you move only your body,
It is no longer necessary to maintain the horizontal condition of the mounts in both the nursery section and the harvest section because the positions of the mounts are misaligned or replaced.

Further, a net-shaped attracting shelf is installed on the attracting frame of the harvesting section, and the attracting shelf can be removed for each share or for each unit area such as adjacent multiple shares. The foliage that extends upward from the top reaches the attracting shelf, and can fall on the attracting shelf by its own weight and radially grow. At the end of cultivation, the foliage extending on the attracting shelf can be foliated in units of one plant or in units of a plurality of adjacent plants. The foliage was easily removed by removing the net-shaped invitation shelf on which was placed.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for cultivating fruit vegetables according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a cultivation situation when the present cultivation method is used. One row on one side of the facility 1 is a nursery section 2 and the other is a harvest section 3. In the nursery area, the installation intervals of the cultivation beds 4 are narrowed, and the control equipment 5 for the nutrient solution, the temperature and the liquid temperature is installed in the center, while the harvest area 3 is wide and the installation areas other than the nursery area 2 are controlled. Are installed at regular intervals in the space. The foliage 6 is spread on the invitation shelf in a substantially circular shape in a plane. And in this case, 8 beds for nursery area 2 and 3 for harvest area
The number of beds is 24 beds, and if all the stocks in the nursery section 2 are replaced with the stocks in the harvest section 3 at the same time, it means that the crop section 3 is divided into 3 parts, and if the 4 stocks are replaced, the crop section 3 is divided into 6 parts. It will be done. The number of divisions is set arbitrarily according to the crop, the cultivation time, and the expected yield.

3 and 4 are a perspective view and a side view of one embodiment. A nutrient solution is supplied from one end of the cultivation bed 4 to the cultivation bed 4 from a liquid supply pipe 5, and the circulation system returns from the other end of the cultivation bed 4 to a tank (not shown) through a drain pipe 6. A frame body 8 is installed on the pedestal 7, and an attracting frame 9 is fixed on the frame body 8. The attracting frame 9 attracts the foliage of the crop being raised. Wheels 10 and adjusters 11 are provided under the gantry 7, and the wheels 10 move inside the facility and fixed to the ground 12 or the like by the adjusters 11 at a fixed position.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are side views of another embodiment.
The gantry 7 is fixed to the ground 12, and the frame 8 is stacked on the gantry 7 by the casters 13 installed below the frame 8.
The frame 8 moves on the gantry 7 so that both can be separated. Then, when stocks are replaced, the carrier 14 is moved to the side of the gantry 7 and the frame 8 on the gantry 7 is slid to be loaded on the carrier 14. The loading of the frame 8 on the carrier 14 or the two gantry 7 is performed in the same direction in the opposite direction to this process. At the top is the invitation shelf 15 on the harvest zone 3 in the facility. The invitation shelf 15
Is installed at a higher position than the invitation frame 9 so as not to hinder the movement of the frame 8.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, the passage in the facility is not required, and the utilization efficiency of the area is improved, and a stable yield can be obtained without an off-season period. Branching work is extremely reduced, pests are less generated, and pest control work is reduced. Further, the height of the harvesting position is constant, so that the work is easy, and the annual work is averaged without concentration. In addition, since the number of strains can be changed with a small number of plants and the plant can be moved while being planted on the cultivation bed, anyone can easily perform the replacement. On the other hand, in terms of growth, sunshine conditions are improved, and growth differences due to locations in the facility are eliminated. As another effect, the visual effect is great, and it is possible to make it a tourist farm, not just production and cultivation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a cultivation method of the present invention in which one kind of nursery section is used.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a cultivation method of the present invention in which there are two kinds of seedling-growing areas.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view when the gantry of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention is moved.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the case where the gantry of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention is moved.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the cultivating apparatus of the present invention, in which the frame is moved.

FIG. 6 is a side view when the frame of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention is moved.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Facility 2 Nursery area 3 Harvest area 4 Cultivation bed 5 Control equipment 6 Foliage 7 Stand 8 Frame 9 Induction frame 10 Wheel 11 Adjuster 12 Ground 13 Casters 14 Transport vehicle

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. In cultivation of fruits and vegetables using a nutrient cultivation system, the cultivation mode is horizontal open-row cultivation, and the inside of a facility such as a greenhouse is divided into a nursery area and a harvest area. The crops of the same growth stage are cultivated on one or more cultivation beds, and the cultivation period of the harvest zone and the cultivation period of the nursery zone are the same. , (Cultivation period of harvest zone) ÷ (number of growth stages of harvest zone) = cultivation period of nursery zone. 2. In the cultivation of fruits and vegetables using the nutrient cultivation system, the cultivation mode is horizontal open-row cultivation, and the inside of a facility such as a greenhouse is divided into a nursery plot and a harvest plot. The crops of the same growth stage are cultivated on one or more cultivation beds, and the cultivation period of the harvest zone and the cultivation period of the nursery zone are the same. , (Cultivation period of the harvest zone) 数 (number of growing stages of the harvest zone) = cultivation period of the nursery zone, and the cultivation bed is common to the cultivation bed of the nursery zone and the cultivation bed of the harvest zone. The number is (the number of cultivation beds in the harvest area) / (the number of growth stages in the harvest area) =
A method for cultivating fruits and vegetables, characterized by a relationship of (number of beds in nursery areas) / (number of growth stages in nursery areas). 3. In the cultivation of fruits and vegetables using the nutrient cultivation system, the cultivation mode is horizontal open-source cultivation, and the cultivation mode is one in which the occupied area per share in the facility such as a greenhouse is one. The cultivation area is divided into nurseries with one or two equal occupied areas per plant, and the harvest area is divided into seedlings in the nursery so that two to four growth crops coexist per 1,000 square meters of facilities. The number of cultivation beds in the harvest plot per facility of about 1000 square meters is 20 to 30, the number of cultivation beds in the nursery plot per facility is 5 to 15, and both the harvest plot and the nursery plot are 1 The method for cultivating fruit and vegetables according to claim 2, wherein the number of strains to be planted on one cultivation bed is 1 to 6, the cultivation period of the nursery plot is 1 to 3 months, and the cultivation period of the harvest plot is 3 to 8 months. 4. The cultivation bed used in the method for cultivating fruits and vegetables according to claim 3, is the same in the nursery section and the harvest section,
An apparatus for cultivating fruits and vegetables, comprising: a frame that surrounds and supports the cultivation bed; and a gantry that supports the frame at the top, and has an induction frame at the top of the frame. 5. The fruit and vegetable cultivation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an invitation shelf is installed at a position higher than the invitation frame above the cultivation bed arrangement position in the harvest area. 6. The inviting shelf according to claim 5, wherein the invitation shelf is a net-like material, and is detachable per unit area in units of an occupied area of one or an integral number or one adjacent share. An apparatus for cultivating fruits and vegetables, which is characterized in that 7. The fruit and vegetable cultivation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a wheel and an adjuster are provided at a lower portion of the gantry. 8. The frame according to claim 4, wherein the frame is mounted on the gantry by a caster attached to a lower portion of the frame, the gantry and the frame are separable, and the gantry is fixed to a stereotactic location in the facility. The apparatus for cultivating fruits and vegetables is characterized in that only a frame body on which a cultivation bed is loaded is moved by a transport vehicle. 9. The apparatus for cultivating fruit and vegetables according to claim 7, wherein the gantry or the transporting vehicle moves on a track such as a rail laid in the facility.