CN1257665C - Drought defying water saving planting method for rice - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to crop culture in the technical field of agriculture, which relates to a drought resistant and water saving culture method for paddy rice. The method mainly comprises the steps of the culture of seedlings in dry lands, the application of paclobutrazol to the seedlings, the dry culture of paddy rice and water saving irrigation, wherein the culture of seedlings in dry lands comprises scientific fertilization, seedling bed finishing, seed selection, seed soaking, fine sowing, weed control for insect prevention, moisture retention, film uncovering and watering. In the process of the water saving irrigation, the water content of soil is controlled according to the growth stage of the paddy rice; specifically, the water content of soil ranges from 70 to 80% at the prior stage of tillering, the water content of soil ranges from 60 to 70% at the later stage of tillering, the water content of soil ranges from 70 to 80% at the stage of elongation and booting, the water content of soil is 80% at the stage of earing and flowering, and the water content of soil is 70% at the stage of milky ripeness; when the water content of soil is greater than a controlling lower limit, water irrigation is not required; when the water content of soil is not greater than the controlling lower limit, water irrigation is required. When the method is used, the quantity of production is increased by 10.7%, water used for irrigation is saved by 50%, the seedling height is decreased by 20 to 30%, and the tillering number is increased by 25 to 35% compared with those of general culture; thereby, not only is the utilization ratio of water resources is increased, but also the drought resistance capability of an entire production system is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crop genetics in the agricultural technology field, is a kind of paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method.
Technical background
The rice in China cultivated area reaches 500,000,000 mu, and gross yield ranks first in the world.But year occupy the water yield per capita, the average annual mu of ploughing occupies the water yield and is respectively 1/4 and 1/2 of world average, comes the 109th in the world, belongs to one of 13 poor-water states.China's agricultural is the water rich and influential family, and its water consumption accounts for more than 70% of total water amount, this wherein, the water consumption of paddy rice accounts for 65% of agricultural water amount again, can be rated as the first water rich and influential family of the whole society.
The climatic characteristic in area, Northeast China has constituted serious threat to agricultural production, and between local natural precipitation amount year border, between season, interzone distributed pole imbalance, though the river is arranged, its water yield is subjected to the natural precipitation quantitative limitation.Particularly continuous arid in recent years causes pondage to fall sharply, and can not satisfy paddy field, this area water needs, and Rice Production faces the threat of serious water shortage, strengthens the farm irrigation facility construction, and it is extremely urgent to promote the agricultural water conservation farming technique.Relevant departments actively raise fund and carry out the construction of water conservancy auxiliary facility for many years, effectively tackle surface water, increase to beat recharge well, make full use of underground water, make great efforts to inquire into the rice water-saving measure, accomplish using water wisely from biology, agronomy, engineering, management four aspects as far as possible.
Water saving people for the paddy field have carried out many research work.For example, the Chinese patent communique discloses a kind of " rice transplanting dry farming cultivation method " (CN 1292211A), this method is a kind of brand-new rice cultivating method, be by grow seedlings, select ground, site preparation and fertilization, transplant, go out fringe, seven steps of ripe results finish, make the production of paddy rice break away from the fixed mode that the paddy field produces, produce by the paddy field and transferred to the land cultivation.But the Rice Production present situation with regard to domestic is still based on paddy field production.So with regard to the problem of water saving of Rice Production, still will start with, primarily solve the problem of water saving of paddy rice in the production process of paddy field from domestic objective reality.Also require the simple of technical method simultaneously, having can generalization.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the crops water problems, the invention provides a kind of paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method.
The present invention includes cultivating seedlings in dry land, rice shoot is used paclobutrazol, and the paddy rice drought is planted, water-saving irrigation.
In order to realize resisting drought saving water purpose of the present invention, the seedling of at first will economizing on water reduces the rice seedling bed water consumption.The way that adopts is a cultivating seedlings in dry land.Cultivating seedlings in dry land comprise apply fertilizers scientifically, finishing seedling bed, seed selection, seed soaking, Precision Seeding, is preserved moisture at the weeding insect protected, takes off film, waters.
Describedly apply fertilizers scientifically, finishing seedling bed is, selects fertile loose, the draining of living of soil to make the seedling bed in the nonirrigated farmland easily, executes 1500～2000 kilograms/mu of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed winter, sows preceding 7 days, the seedling bed is executed 20～30 kilograms/mu in urea.The native shallow rotary tillage of bed or plough or harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil rake 3-5 time is evenly admixed in 10～20 cm layer of soil fertilizer, and ditch then and do the seedling plate, finishing plate face, it is broken to reach the face grading.
Seed selection is meant that selecting full rice paddy seed, seed soaking for use is the broken chest of seed soaking.Prevent and treat disease with " seed soaking is clever " seed soaking, adopt and soak the seed soaking of night dew method day, break chest to seed and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and to sow.
Vola water is watered in Precision Seeding exactly, meticulous sowing.Sow water of the preceding end and will water foot, make 3～7 centimetres of topsoil moisture reach saturation state.Seeding quantity will suit, and suitable seeding quantity is per 48～52 kilograms/mu.
The weeding insect protected is behind the sowing blinding, waits with dry land herbicide " new Machete " and prevents and kill off non-irrigated seedling field weed, prevents and treats soil insect with organophosphorous pesticide or furans pellet.Preserve moisture and adopt overlay film to preserve moisture, finish back cover film in time, keep soil moisture, impel Qi Miao in sowing.For preventing the high temperature rice shoot of burning, can be at the thin straw of film upper berth one deck.
Take off film and be meant and in time take off film, behind the neat seedling of rice seedling, remove the film that is used to preserve moisture at once.Watering is meant that control waters, and wants the strict control water yield after tri-leaf period, and leaf roll is appropriate to the occasion to water between the lights if rice shoot occurs.In addition,, do the field drainage system well, prevent rainy day seedbed ponding in order effectively to control the water yield.
Between the puberty, strengthen seedling age elasticity at seedling growth, the way of taking is that the rice seedling bed is sprayed paclobutrazol.Paclobutrazol can effectively reduce height of seedling, generally reduces by 20～30%, can increase individual plant tiller number about 30%.After strengthening seedling age elasticity, make the paddy field increase number of productive ear 1.2～2.0 ten thousand strain/mus, volume increase paddy 3～4%.All more than 35～40 days the rice seedling bed of seedling age all should generally spray once.In addition, the plant of dwarfing can suppress the growth of ground weeds, can save field duty of water and fertilizing amount by field.
It is that rice shoot is after cultivating seedlings in dry land survives, by the common water filling of water pipe replacement that paddy rice drought of the present invention is planted.After paddy rice was carried out water pipe, it grew all close with growing of planting of normal water and output.The technical characterstic that the paddy rice drought is planted be plant density than water plant bigger, be generally 30 strains/square metre; Every strain takes two strains to plant, in case seedling and make seedling count deficiency due to wound, young plant density reduces; Soil is very thin, inserts when planting and stops up tight seedling root with soil; The slotting back that plants once irritates full with the clear water excrement, prevents the dead seedling of dehydration; The water conservation that loosens the soil at once after rice shoot survives imposes the water excrement one time; The control soil insect is in order to avoid be short of seedling; Because weeds are many under the condition of water-saving culture, remove weeds in conjunction with loosening the soil, in order to avoid influence seedling growth.
The present invention carries out water-saving irrigation to the rice field.Water-saving irrigation comprises the control irrigation quantity and makes full use of two aspects of natural rainfall.General irrigation quantity is at 8～12 centimetres; During raining, the field can retaining 15～20 centimetres.After pouring water, tiny crack occurs, just irritate water next time, rather than, do broad irrigation as traditional cultivation up to the field.Like this, irrigation water can save 50%, has not only improved the availability of water resource, and can improve the drought-resistant ability of whole production system.
Water-saving irrigation of the present invention also comprises sound pouring water and drainage system, accurately observes soil moisture determine soil moisture content, carries out lack of water and promptly pours water.
Pour water and drainage system for sound, guarantee the water yield 15～20 centimetres of 8～12 centimetres or retainings, the irrigation ditch in every rice field and drain ditch will independently separate, and little dead furrow will have been dug in around the every rice field and centre, reach to irritate to such an extent that advance, arrange the requirement that draws.
In order to reach the water saving purpose, should accurately observe and grasp paddy soil moisture, to guarantee the normal growth of paddy rice.The soil moisture content of each control breeding time of paddy rice of the present invention is that absolutely lower limit is in the saturation moisture content: tiller early stage 70%～80%, tiller the later stage 60%～70% jointing-booting stage 70%～80%, full heading time 80%, milk ripe stage 70%.If soil moisture content greater than the lower control limit value, then need not poured water, otherwise then need to pour water.
Shoot transplanting equipment is carried out shallow irrigation at period of seedling establishment behind the land for growing field crops, moistening is main, impels under the root system and pricks.Insert and plant eliminating in 7～10 days field, back face water layer, until the maturing stage, the field face does not stay water layer.Keep ground moistening tillering stage, and short low position tiller has crack degree of being with soil to the later stage of tillering, and controls ineffective tillering; Jointing-booting stage, tack-free with soil, fall into pin, be tending towards heavy real being advisable; Full heading time keeps ground moistening, and surface layer falls into pin slightly; Milk ripe stage, tack-free with field soil, sunken pin, free from flaw degree of being.
The present invention adopts cultivating seedlings in dry land, and the paddy rice drought is planted, and technical measures such as water-saving irrigation make the paddy field increase number of productive ear 1.2～2.0 ten thousand strain/mus, the rice shoot overall qualities are good, and drought-resistant ability is strong after transplanting, and bearing status is good, under the identical cultivation management condition, improve 10.7% than common cultivation output.Irrigation water can save 50%, has not only improved the availability of water resource, and can improve the drought-resistant ability of whole production system.The application of the present invention in actual production fundamentally solved the technical problem of Rice Production water saving, proposed simple technical scheme, is convenient to use in Rice Production.
Embodiment
Use when of the present invention, carry out cultivating seedlings in dry land, rice shoot is used paclobutrazol, and the paddy rice drought is planted, water-saving irrigation.Described cultivating seedlings in dry land is meant and applies fertilizers scientifically, finishing seedling bed, seed selection, seed soaking, and Precision Seeding, is preserved moisture at the weeding insect protected, takes off film, waters.
Apply fertilizers scientifically, finishing seedling bed is, the fertile work of selection soil is loose, draining is made the seedling bed in the nonirrigated farmland easily, execute 667 kilograms/square metre of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed (1500～2000) ÷ winter, before the sowing, the seedling bed is executed 667 kilograms/square metre of urea 25 ÷, carries out the native shallow rotary tillage of bed or ploughs or harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil rake 3～5 times, fertilizer is evenly admixed in 10～20 cm layer of soil, trench digging is done the seedling plate then, finishing plate face, and it is broken to reach the face grading; Seed selection, seed soaking be, selects full rice paddy seed for use, with the broken chest of " seed soaking spirit " seed soaking, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to the broken chest of seed, and seed soaking adopts day to soak the night dew method; Precision Seeding is to water vola water before the sowing, makes 5 centimetres of topsoil moisture reach saturation state, and suitable seeding quantity is 667 kilograms/square metre of 50 ÷; The weeding insect protected, preserving moisture is, behind the sowing blinding, uses dry land herbicide " new Machete " and organophosphorous pesticide or furans pellet, and control is watered, and finishes back cover film in time in sowing, maintenance seedbed humidity; Taking off film, watering is behind the neat seedling of rice seedling, removes the film that is used to preserve moisture, and wants the strict control water yield after tri-leaf period, will water between the lights when leaf roll appears in rice shoot at once.
Between the puberty, the rice seedling bed sprays paclobutrazol at seedling growth, all more than 35～40 days the rice seedling bed of seedling age generally spray paclobutrazol one time.
Take pair strains to plant, insert when planting and stop up tight seedling root with soil, the slotting back that plants once irritates full with the clear water excrement, and the water conservation that loosens the soil at once after rice shoot survives imposes the water excrement one time, removes weeds in conjunction with loosening the soil.
By controlling irrigation quantity vegetative period, and utilize natural rainfall, irrigation quantity after pouring water, tiny crack occur up to the field at 8～20 centimetres, pours water again; Irrigation quantity is at 8～12 centimetres at ordinary times, during raining, and 15～20 centimetres of field retainings.
Application example: the present invention has carried out producing experiment in Chinese Jilin Province Liuhe County holy water town, local weather conditions are abominable, and the natural precipitation skewness is suitable for enforcement of the present invention.
In sowing on April 10, apply base manure before the sowing and carry out the smooth of soil, the amount that applies the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 1750 kilograms/mu, applied 25 kilograms/mu in urea prior to seeding in 7 days, the native shallow rotary tillage of bed 4 times is admixed in 15 centimetres the soil layer fertilizer, finishing plate face, it is broken to reach the face grading.
Select for use full seed to be dipped to brokenly chest with " seed soaking spirit " and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow, seeding quantity is 50 kilograms/mu, after planting for the humidity that keeps soil overlay film immediately.Behind the neat seedling of rice seedling, to remove overlay film, will control water consumption,, will prevent rainy day seedbed ponding simultaneously if leaf roll should water between the lights in tri-leaf period.Survive the back and make the not enough employing of seedling number pair strain cultivation because hinder seedling, insert and plant the native tight seedling root of stopping up in back, once irritate full with clear liquid dung for preventing.Simultaneously will be in conjunction with loosening the soil and removing weeds.
The general irrigation quantity in rice field is 10 centimetres in the process of irrigating, and can reach 17 centimetres on rainy day.To accurately control the water content of the soil of each growthdevelopmental stage of paddy rice for the purpose that reaches water saving: the 70-80% in early stage of tillering, the later stage 60-70% of tillering, jointing-booting stage 70-80%, full heading time 80%, milk ripe stage 70%.If the water content of soil does not then need to pour water, otherwise then needs to pour water greater than the lower limit of control.
Behind the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops, carry out shallow irrigation at period of seedling establishment, moistening is main, makes under the root system to prick.Insert and to plant the back and got rid of field face water layer in 7-10 days, keep ground moistening tillering stage, short low position tiller has crack degree of being with soil to the later stage of tillering, and controls ineffective tillering; Jointing-booting stage is not touched with one's hand, does not fall into pin, is tending towards heavy real being advisable with soil; Full heading time keeps ground moistening, and surface layer falls into pin slightly; Milk ripe stage, tack-free with field soil, sunken pin, free from flaw degree of being.
Use the present invention in practice and improve 10.7% than common cultivation output.Irrigation water can save 50%, has not only improved the availability of water resource, and can improve the drought-resistant ability of whole production system.April 10, the seedling quality analysis was carried out in sowing on May 28; Carry out field investigation on June 12, July 2, July 16, August 10; October 4 gathered in the crops, and result of the test sees the following form.
Table 1 paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation and common cultivation rice seedling bed seedling quality are relatively
| Handle | The thick cm of stem | Plant height cm | Radical | The long cm of root | Hundred strains are dry weight mg on the ground | The underground dry weight mg of hundred strains | Circularity mgcm -1 | Leaf age |
| Drought resisting and water saving cultivation (A) common cultivation (B) | 0.31 0.28 | 17.8 13.2 | 11.5 9.0 | 3.6 3.4 | 4.6 3.0 | 1.8 1.4 | 2.6 2.3 | 5.2 3.8 |
Table 2 paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation and common cultivation paddy field plant bearing status are relatively
| Date | Handle | Plant height cm | Every cave strain number | Every cave dry weight mg | Leaf area index |
| 07-02 07-16 08-10 | A B A B A B | 40.2 39.0 63.0 62.7 96.5 96.2 | 14.6 10.3 27.1 26.9 26.8 26.5 | 2.5 2.2 13.0 11.0 52.3 26.5 | 0.44 0.43 2.84 2.30 4.86 4.13 |
Table 3 paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation and common cultivation yield traits and production ratio are
| Handle | Every cave number of productive ear | The real grain of every fringe number | Thousand kernel weight mg | Theoretical yield kg.hm -2 | Actual production kg.hm -2 |
| A B | 28.2 26.3 | 60.3 58.2 | 26.2 26.1 | 8910.4 7990.0 | 8341.7 7534.3 |
Claims (6)
1, a kind of paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method is characterized in that comprising cultivating seedlings in dry land, and rice shoot is used paclobutrazol, and the paddy rice drought is planted, water-saving irrigation; Described cultivating seedlings in dry land comprise apply fertilizers scientifically, finishing seedling bed, seed selection, seed soaking, Precision Seeding, is preserved moisture at the weeding insect protected, takes off film, waters;
Apply fertilizers scientifically, finishing seedling bed is, the fertile work of selection soil is loose, draining is made the seedling bed in the nonirrigated farmland easily, execute 667 kilograms/square metre of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed (1500～2000) ÷ winter, before the sowing, the seedling bed is executed 667 kilograms/square metre of urea 25 ÷, carries out the native shallow rotary tillage of bed or ploughs or harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil rake 3～5 times, fertilizer is evenly admixed in 10～20 cm layer of soil, trench digging is done the seedling plate then, finishing plate face, and it is broken to reach the face grading; Seed selection, seed soaking be, selects full rice paddy seed for use, with the broken chest of " seed soaking spirit " seed soaking, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to the broken chest of seed, and seed soaking adopts day to soak the night dew method; Precision Seeding is to water vola water before the sowing, makes 5 centimetres of topsoil moisture reach saturation state, and suitable seeding quantity is 667 kilograms/square metre of 50 ÷; The weeding insect protected, preserving moisture is, behind the sowing blinding, uses dry land herbicide " new Machete " and organophosphorous pesticide or furans pellet, and control is watered, and finishes back cover film in time in sowing, maintenance seedbed humidity; Taking off film, watering is behind the neat seedling of rice seedling, removes the film that is used to preserve moisture, and wants the strict control water yield after tri-leaf period, will water between the lights when leaf roll appears in rice shoot at once;
Between the puberty, the rice seedling bed sprays paclobutrazol at seedling growth, all more than 35～40 days the rice seedling bed of seedling age generally spray paclobutrazol one time;
Take pair strains to plant, insert when planting and stop up tight seedling root with soil, the slotting back that plants once irritates full with the clear water excrement, and the water conservation that loosens the soil at once after rice shoot survives imposes the water excrement one time, removes weeds in conjunction with loosening the soil;
By controlling irrigation quantity vegetative period, and utilize natural rainfall, irrigation quantity after pouring water, tiny crack occur up to the field at 8～20 centimetres, pours water again; Irrigation quantity is at 8～12 centimetres at ordinary times, during raining, and 15～20 centimetres of field retainings.
2, paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method according to claim 1, the film upper berth one deck that it is characterized in that preserving moisture approaches straw; Improve the seedbed drainage system; Water-saving irrigation also comprises sound pouring water and drainage system, accurately observes soil moisture determine soil moisture content.
3, paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that excavation irrigation ditch, every rice field and drain ditch; Control the paddy rice soil moisture content of each breeding time.
4, paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that irrigation ditch and drain ditch system is separately independent, and little dead furrow will have been dug in around the every rice field and centre; Soil moisture content is that absolutely lower limit is in the saturation moisture content: tiller early stage 70%～80%, tiller the later stage 60%～70% jointing-booting stage 70%～80%, full heading time 80%, milk ripe stage 70%.
5, paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that shoot transplanting equipment behind the land for growing field crops, carries out shallow irrigation at period of seedling establishment, and moistening is main; Insert and plant eliminating in 7～10 days field, back face water layer, until the maturing stage, the field face does not stay water layer.
6, paddy rice drought resisting and water saving cultivation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that keeping ground moistening tillering stage, and there is crack degree of being in the later stage of tillering with soil, jointing-booting stage, tack-free with soil, fall into pin, be tending towards heavy real being advisable; Full heading time keeps ground moistening, and surface layer falls into pin slightly; Milk ripe stage, tack-free with field soil, sunken pin, free from flaw degree of being.
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| CN102771356A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-11-14 | 河海大学 | Efficient water-saving cultivation method for rice in cold areas |
| CN102893778B (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2015-03-25 | 黑龙江省水利厅 | Rice leaf age water-saving cultivation method |
| CN103069997B (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-02-12 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Water-saving irrigation method applicable to close-planting crop |
| CN103999721B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2016-02-03 | 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 | The Rice Cropping technology that a kind of anti-disaster ability is strong |
| CN103947493B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-10-07 | 中国水稻研究所 | The method of Rice In Drought Rice Nursery ground matrix seedling |
| CN104521647A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-22 | 长沙晶美农业科技有限公司 | Paddy rice cultivation method |
| CN104823780A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-12 | 肥西县农业技术推广中心 | Water-saving planting method for paddy rice |
| CN105248206B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-04-13 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of railway carriage or compartment ditch control is poured water rice water-saving cultivation method |
| CN106804346A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-09 | 林天国 | The method that drought of being punched after a kind of overlay film transplants rice seedlings |
| CN106717305A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽华安种业有限责任公司 | A kind of method for preventing and treating Achlya spp disease |
| CN110856469A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-03-03 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for direct seeding and half-period dry farming of rice |
| CN109287416B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-06-08 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Drought-resisting training planting method for rice |
| CN112106612B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-07-01 | 扬州大学 | Planting method for nitrogen-saving fertilization of high-quality rice under condition of blanket seedling machine transplanting |
| CN113711877B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-01-03 | 孙泉泽 | Dry farming planting method for hybrid rice |
| CN114586621A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 龙门县顺喜来生态农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving rice quality |
| CN115486349B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting |
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