CN101473768A - Fertilizing method in condition of drip irrigation for Chinese jujube in mountanious region and sloping field - Google Patents
Fertilizing method in condition of drip irrigation for Chinese jujube in mountanious region and sloping field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilization method of Chinese jujube trees planted on a hill land and a sloping field in a drip irrigation way. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a slow-release fertilization tank just below a water outlet of a drip irrigation belt or a drip irrigation tube which is arranged around the jujube tree; putting fertilizer into the slow-release fertilization tank while fertilizing, then covering the fertilizer with powdered straw so that irrigation water flow from the drip irrigation belt directly drips into the slow-release fertilization tank, passes through the powdered straw layer and dissolves the fertilizer and the fertilizer slowly infiltrates into a root layer of the jujube tree around the slow-release fertilization tank along with the water. In addition, bottom of the slow-release fertilization tank is impervious, which reduces infiltration speed and infiltration depth of fertilizer water and has the function of the upper straw on preventing evaporation, can improve utilization ratio of the fertilizer and reduce consumption of the fertilizer, and benefits to increase yield of the red jujubes. Compared with the traditional fertilization method, the present fertilization method helps increase the fertilization efficiency by 2-3 times and improve the fertilizer efficiency by 26%. The fertilization method has very important actual meaning and use value for promoting a high-efficiency water-saving drip irrigation technology and developing economic forest industries of China, especially fruit industries and forest industries in areas in an acute shortage of water of a mountainous region.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field irrigation technical field, relate to mountain region, hillside fields, orchard, hills, forest land irrigation, be specifically related to a kind of mountain region, the fertilizing method of hillside fields jujube tree under drip irrigation mode condition.
Background technology
China is a country that lack of water is serious.The arid and semi-arid area accounts for 2/3 of the gross area, and drought and water shortage has not only had a strong impact on the agricultural development of China, and affects the development of ecotope and forestry.China is the country on mountain more than, and mountain region, hillside fields area are more than 2 times of arable land, Plain, and the synchronous fertilising of mountain region, hillside fields irrigation and the process of irrigation is the important channel of enhancing productivity.Reasonably fertilising is the key link of increasing irrigation efficiency, and has been the inevitable choice of national sustainable development for country's water saving of a water resource anxiety, so conservation-minded society's construction has become the current even long-term target later on of China.The technology of irrigating and applying fertilizer is just being explored always by China in agricultural development history in several thousand, China is very fast in the development of modern water-saving technology fermentation in recent ten years, along with advanced person's the equipment and the popularization of technology, the technology of utilizing sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation to apply fertilizer comes into one's own.
According to studies show that, water and fertilizer coupling can significantly improve the benefit of irrigation, and is fertile, water is supplied with simultaneously is an important new technology of present water-saving irrigation, fertilizer application with irrigation water plant, and both conserve water was also saved fertilizer, was considered to the new and high technology in the crop genetics at present.
The feed cistern of hillside orchard is arranged on the higher position, mountain top of physical features mostly at present, and such feed cistern can utilize pressure reduction to carry out water-saving irrigation, still for the fertilising of hillside orchard, still adopts the method for traditional tree root fertilising mostly.Hillside orchard is the hillside orchard of arid and semi-arid particularly, how to realize water and fertilizer synchronization, and increasing irrigation efficiency by the rational application of fertilizer is the focus that irrigation technique circle is paid close attention to always.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of mountain region, the fertilizing method of hillside fields jujube tree under drip irrigation mode condition are provided, the drip irrigation mode matches on the mainly suitable and face of land of this method, the Chinese jujube garden that mountain region, hillside fields are planted efficiently applies fertilizer, have make simple, easy construction, cheap, liquid manure utilizes characteristics of high efficiency.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
Fertilizing method under a kind of mountain region, the hillside fields jujube tree drip irrigation mode condition is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) at first makes a slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank, the bore of this slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank is 25cm, the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank is column or spherical, internal diameter 25cm～30cm, tank body height 40cm, the waterproof and intermediate projections in bottom, have netted hole around the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank, screen distance is 1mm～3mm, with infiltration around guaranteeing, slows down vertical seepage velocity;
2) cave of excavation under the irrigate band of distance jujube tree trunk base portion 30cm～80cm or drip irrigation pipe delivery port is placed on the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank in the cave, makes the oral area of the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank 2cm that flushes or be above the ground level with ground;
3) according to the different age of trees and different growing, fertilizer is packed in the permeable non-woven bag, put into the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank then; Then on slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank top to jar flap one deck powder stalk, to weaken the evaporation of fertilizer in the permeable non-woven bag;
Fertilizer adopts following corresponding prescription according to the age of tree of jujube tree:
A. for the jujube tree of planting then, leaf renewal fertilising 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.3kg～0.4kg, superphosphate 0.5kg～0.6kg, potassium sulphate 0.1kg～0.2kg;
B. for the jujube tree of planting 2 years, leaf renewal fertilising 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea, 0.3kg～0.4kg, superphosphate, 0.7kg～0.8kg, potassium sulphate 0.2kg～0.3kg; Apply fertilizer flowering stage 1 time, every strain tree is used urea, 0.1kg;
C. for 3 years～5 years jujube trees of planting, leaf renewal, apply fertilizer 1 time, and the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.6kg～0.8kg, superphosphate 1.0kg～1.4kg, potassium sulphate 0.4kg～0.6kg; Apply fertilizer flowering stage 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.1kg～0.2kg, and potassium sulphate 0.1kg～0.2kg, fruiting period fertilising 1 time, urea 0.2kg～0.3kg is used in every strain;
D. for the jujube tree of planting more than 6 years, leaf renewal, apply fertilizer 1 time, and the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 1.0kg～2.0kg, superphosphate 2.0kg～4.0kg, potassium sulphate 0.7kg～1.0kg; Apply fertilizer flowering stage 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain tree is used is: urea 0.1kg～0.2kg, and potassium sulphate 0.1kg～0.2kg, fruiting period fertilising 2 times, urea 0.4kg～0.5kg is used in each every strain.
The spherical wetting body characteristics that the present invention has in soil in conjunction with the drip irrigation mode, the delivery port of existing irrigate band or drip irrigation pipe (water dropper) below is provided with the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank on the face of land, and water dissolves the back along with the slow peripherad soil of water infiltrates for the tree root absorption through jar interior fertilizer with fertilizer when making drip irrigation.Because slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank bottom is waterproof, weakened the speed and the degree of depth of oozing under the rich water, the powder stalk of packing on the top of slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank can prevent the evaporation of fertilizer, can improve the availability of chemical fertilizer and reduce usage amount, and help to improve the output of red date.Compare with traditional fertilizing method, it is easy to operate to have a fertilising, and the fertilising effect improves 2-3 doubly, and fertilizer is slowly discharged, and improves fertilizer efficiency availability 26%.Help the high grade producing of jujube tree and adapt to mountain region, jujube tree garden, hillside fields change of soil fertility.Particularly the fruit industry and the forestry of mountain area areas of serious have crucial practical significance and practical value to promoting high-efficiency water-saving drip irrigation technique, development China commodity trees.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a fertilizing method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the view of slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank in underground activities.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment that accompanying drawing and inventor provide.
Embodiment
Referring to accompanying drawing 1,2, according to technical scheme of the present invention, the fertilizing method under mountain region, the hillside fields jujube tree drip irrigation mode condition specifically comprises the following steps:
1) make bottom waterproof, evenly have a porous slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank 3 in hole on every side.The about 25cm of body bore of slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank, tank body is column or spherical, the internal diameter 25cm-30cm of tank body, tank body height 40cm, the bottom intermediate projections, the bottom is waterproof, has netted hole around the tank body, screen distance is 1mm～3mm, with infiltration around guaranteeing, slows down vertical seepage velocity; Generally can adopt plastics or metal to make.
2) at distance jujube tree trunk base portion 30cm-80cm irrigate band or drip irrigation pipe 2 places are arranged, excavate a cave, the degree of depth in cave reaches 40cm, and the about 25cm-30cm of bore is advisable to be fit to the placing slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank.Irrigate band or drip irrigation pipe 2 be embedded in underground supply channel 1 and be connected.
3) the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank is placed in the good cave of excavation, aims at, make the oral area of the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank 2cm that flushes or be above the ground level with ground, fill up soil at periphery and get final product with irrigate band or drip irrigation pipe 2.
4) according to all ages and classes of jujube tree, in jujube tree in different breeding times is packed fertilizer 4 into slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank 3, jar top fill out to a jar mouth and put one deck stalk powder 5.
5) the permeable non-woven bag parcel of fertilizer 4 usefulness, the specification of permeable non-woven bag is to be as the criterion in the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank 3 of can packing into.
6) age of tree according to jujube tree adopts following corresponding fertilizer formula:
A. for the jujube tree of planting then, leaf renewal fertilising 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.3kg～0.4kg, superphosphate 0.5-0.6kg, potassium sulphate 0.1-0.2kg.
B. for the jujube tree of planting 2 years, the leaf renewal of jujube tree fertigation 2 times, the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.3-0.4kg, superphosphate, 0.7-0.8kg, potassium sulphate 0.2-0.3kg; Apply fertilizer the flowering stage of jujube tree 1 time, every strain jujube tree is used urea, 0.1kg.
C. for 3 years～5 years jujube trees of planting, the leaf renewal of jujube tree fertilising 1 time, the fertilizer that every jujube strain tree is used is: urea 0.6-0.8kg, superphosphate 1.0-1.4kg, potassium sulphate 0.4-0.6kg; Apply fertilizer 2 times in the flowering stage of jujube tree, every strain jujube tree is used urea 0.1-0.2kg, potassium sulphate 0.1-0.2kg.Fruiting period in jujube tree applies fertilizer 1 time, and urea 0.2-0.3kg is used in every jujube strain.
D. for the jujube tree of planting more than 6 years, the leaf renewal of jujube tree fertilising 1 time, the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 1.0-2.0kg, superphosphate 2.0-4.0kg, potassium sulphate 0.7-1.0kg; Apply fertilizer the flowering stage of jujube tree 2 times, every strain tree is used urea, 0.1-0.2kg, potassium sulphate 0.1-0.2kg.The fruiting period fertilising of jujube tree 2 times, every strain need be used urea 0.4-0.5kg.
Below be the Application Example that the inventor provides, need to prove, the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
The applicant experimentizes in Meng Cha village, Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province, to the 3 years living pear and date-printing blocks in mountain region, every mu 111 strain, under the condition of other measure unanimities, 2008 May 16 the leaf renewal of jujube tree fertilising 1 time, the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.6-0.8kg, superphosphate 1.0-1.4kg, potassium sulphate 0.4-0.6kg; Apply fertilizer the flowering stage of jujube tree 1 time, the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.1-0.2kg, potassium sulphate 0.1-0.2kg.The fruiting period fertilising of jujube tree 1 time, urea 0.2-0.3kg is used in every strain.The average yield 1130kg of these jujube trees improves output 19% than traditional fertilization then.
Embodiment 2:
The applicant experimentizes at Mizhi, Shaanxi Province Meng Chacun, for the 6 years living pear and date-printing blocks in mountain region, every mu 111 strain, under the condition of other measure unanimities, applied fertilizer 1 time in the leaf renewal of jujube tree May 16 in 2008, the fertilizer that every strain tree is used is: urea 1.0-2.0kg, superphosphate 2.0-4.0kg, potassium sulphate 0.7-1.0kg; Apply fertilizer 1 time in the flowering stage of jujube tree, every strain tree is used urea 0.1-0.2kg, potassium sulphate 0.1-0.2kg.Fruiting period in jujube tree applies fertilizer 1 time, and every strain need be used urea 0.4-0.5kg.The average yield of these jujube trees is 1450kg then, improves output 21% than traditional fertilization.
Claims (1)
1, the fertilizing method under a kind of mountain region, the hillside fields jujube tree drip irrigation mode condition is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) at first makes a slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank, the bore of this slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank is 25cm, the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank is column or spherical, internal diameter 25cm～30cm, tank body height 40cm, the waterproof and intermediate projections in bottom, have netted hole around the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank, screen distance is 1mm～3mm, with infiltration around guaranteeing, slows down vertical seepage velocity;
2) cave of excavation under the delivery port of the irrigate band of distance jujube tree trunk base portion 30cm～80cm or drip irrigation pipe is placed on the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank in the cave, makes the oral area of the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank 2cm that flushes or be above the ground level with ground;
3) according to the different age of trees and different growing, fertilizer is packed in the permeable non-woven bag, put into the slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank then; Then on slowly-releasing fertilizer spreading tank top to jar flap one deck powder stalk, to weaken the evaporation of fertilizer in the permeable non-woven bag;
Fertilizer adopts following corresponding prescription according to the age of tree of jujube tree:
A. for the jujube tree of planting then, leaf renewal fertilising 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.3kg～0.4kg, superphosphate 0.5kg～0.6kg, potassium sulphate 0.1kg～0.2kg;
B. for the jujube tree of planting 2 years, leaf renewal fertilising 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea, 0.3kg～0.4kg, superphosphate, 0.7kg～0.8kg, potassium sulphate 0.2kg～0.3kg; Apply fertilizer flowering stage 1 time, every strain tree is used urea, 0.1kg;
C. for 3 years～5 years jujube trees of planting, leaf renewal, apply fertilizer 1 time, and the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.6kg～0.8kg, superphosphate 1.0kg～1.4kg, potassium sulphate 0.4kg～0.6kg; Apply fertilizer flowering stage 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.1kg～0.2kg, and potassium sulphate 0.1kg～0.2kg, fruiting period fertilising 1 time, urea 0.2kg～0.3kg is used in every strain;
D. for the jujube tree of planting more than 6 years, leaf renewal, apply fertilizer 1 time, and the fertilizer that every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 1.0kg～2.0kg, superphosphate 2.0kg～4.0kg, potassium sulphate 0.7kg～1.0kg; Apply fertilizer flowering stage 2 times, the fertilizer that each every strain jujube tree is used is: urea 0.1kg～0.2kg, and potassium sulphate 0.1kg～0.2kg, fruiting period fertilising 2 times, every strain jujube tree is used urea 0.4kg～0.5kg.
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Cited By (17)
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| CN102405722A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-04-11 | 广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for applying fertilizer for banana through drop irrigation |
| CN102907203A (en) * | 2012-10-13 | 2013-02-06 | 于坤 | Application method of special water and fertilizer subsurface hole drip irrigation system for forestry and orchard industry in arid region |
| CN103070058A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-01 | 陵军成 | Drop irrigation tube for underground root systems of trees |
| CN103814764A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 临沂大学 | Tree ecological nutrition protection instrument |
| CN104303668A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method of facility cultivation system |
| CN104855246A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Method of reconstructing irrigation for shiny-leaved yellowhorn in subsidence areas |
| CN104885683A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2015-09-09 | 陈思宇 | Buried biological fertilizer box for cherry-apple tree |
| CN104920176A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | Tool and method for efficient utilization of water and fertilizer for fruit trees |
| CN105325105A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆凯丰复合肥厂 | Embedded type fertilization method |
| CN106797873A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-06-06 | 新疆林业科学院 | Arid irrigation district transplanting tree device and method for transplanting |
| CN106804401A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-06-09 | 杭州满庭芳生物科技有限公司 | The fertilizer that a kind of fertilizer applicator and the suitable fertilizer applicator are used |
| CN106831273A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-13 | 北京金都园林绿化有限责任公司 | Novel garden trees fertilizer special for organic rod and application method |
| CN108323415A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-07-27 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣研究所 | A kind of winter jujube automatic irrigation device and method |
| CN112493101A (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2021-03-16 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Long-acting fertilization method for apocarya |
| CN112602576A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-06 | 南京林业大学 | Automatic underground water charging system that lasts of deep-rooted vegetation root system |
| CN112811967A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-05-18 | 湖北尹吉甫鑫磊生物科技有限公司 | Efficient moisturizing organic fertilizer special for fruit trees |
| CN115053758A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-09-16 | 华南农业大学 | Environment-friendly lawn structure for urban greening decoration |
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- 2009-01-19 CN CN2009100209622A patent/CN101473768B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102405722A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-04-11 | 广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for applying fertilizer for banana through drop irrigation |
| CN102907203A (en) * | 2012-10-13 | 2013-02-06 | 于坤 | Application method of special water and fertilizer subsurface hole drip irrigation system for forestry and orchard industry in arid region |
| CN103070058A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-01 | 陵军成 | Drop irrigation tube for underground root systems of trees |
| CN103814764B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-04-20 | 临沂大学 | A kind of trees ecoalimental protection instrument |
| CN103814764A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 临沂大学 | Tree ecological nutrition protection instrument |
| CN104303668A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method of facility cultivation system |
| CN104855246A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Method of reconstructing irrigation for shiny-leaved yellowhorn in subsidence areas |
| CN104885683A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2015-09-09 | 陈思宇 | Buried biological fertilizer box for cherry-apple tree |
| CN104920176A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | Tool and method for efficient utilization of water and fertilizer for fruit trees |
| CN105325105A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆凯丰复合肥厂 | Embedded type fertilization method |
| CN106804401A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-06-09 | 杭州满庭芳生物科技有限公司 | The fertilizer that a kind of fertilizer applicator and the suitable fertilizer applicator are used |
| CN106831273A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-13 | 北京金都园林绿化有限责任公司 | Novel garden trees fertilizer special for organic rod and application method |
| CN106831273B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2021-03-16 | 北京金都园林绿化有限责任公司 | Special organic fertilizer rod for garden trees and using method |
| CN106797873A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-06-06 | 新疆林业科学院 | Arid irrigation district transplanting tree device and method for transplanting |
| CN108323415A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-07-27 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣研究所 | A kind of winter jujube automatic irrigation device and method |
| CN112602576A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-06 | 南京林业大学 | Automatic underground water charging system that lasts of deep-rooted vegetation root system |
| CN112493101A (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2021-03-16 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Long-acting fertilization method for apocarya |
| CN112811967A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-05-18 | 湖北尹吉甫鑫磊生物科技有限公司 | Efficient moisturizing organic fertilizer special for fruit trees |
| CN115053758A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-09-16 | 华南农业大学 | Environment-friendly lawn structure for urban greening decoration |
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