CN106489508A

CN106489508A - Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method

Info

Publication number: CN106489508A
Application number: CN201611030258.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 党红凯; 李科江; 曹彩云; 马俊永; 郑春莲; 李晓爽; 李伟; 王亚楠; 李梦
Original assignee: Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2016-11-16
Filing date: 2016-11-16
Publication date: 2017-03-15

Abstract

Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method, belong to the technical field of water and fertilizer irrigation, carried out by controlling water-fertilizer integral, base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, then fertilizer spraying, suppress after broadcasting, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage, boot stage and pustulation period are irrigated once respectively, when jointing stage, boot stage, the irrigation opportunity of pustulation period are 0 60cm deep soil relative water content≤55%, when irrigating, fertilizer are dissolved in irrigation water and is topdressed.Regulation and control method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, through the foundation that the inventive method regulates and controls method, grasp and application of the Irrigation in Drought District peasant to Semen Maydiss water-saving fertilizer-saving production technology can be significantly facilitated, peasant is also allowed for when damage caused by a drought occurs and needs the fertile critical period, take counter-measure in time, reduce the loss that Semen Tritici aestivi damage caused by a drought is brought, improve liquid manure utilization ratio and realize that potentiation is increased production.

Description

Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water and fertilizer irrigation, is related to winter wheat survey moisture in the soil and irrigates water-saving planting technology of topdressing, specifically It is related to winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulation and control method, regulation and control method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, Jing Guoben Inventive method regulates and controls the foundation of method, Irrigation in Drought District peasant can be significantly facilitated to the grasp of Semen Tritici aestivi water-saving fertilizer-saving production technology and Application, also allows for peasant when damage caused by a drought occurs and needs the fertile critical period, take counter-measure in time, reduce the damage that Semen Tritici aestivi damage caused by a drought is brought Lose, improve liquid manure utilization ratio and realize that potentiation is increased production.

Background technology

There is a serious shortage in the supply for Hebei Plain water resource, and agricultural water use efficiency is low with water scarcity and to be deposited, serious puzzlement The sustainable and stable development of this area's Agriculture and rural economy.Hebei province is the important grain producing region in the whole nation, is made with wheat and corn Based on thing, the grain-production of wheat and corn bi-annual planting relies on groundwater mining maintenance for a long time, causes the region to form North China maximum Most deep groundwater over-extraction depression, caused subsoil water drainage, surface subsidence, the ecology such as motor-pumped well is scrapped, irrigation cost increases, Matter and social problem, how to alleviate the contradiction between shortage of water resources and wheat and corn grain-production irrigation requirement is on solving State the key of problem.

At present, year total water consumption (i.e. ET) of the winter wheat summer corn planting system in Hebei province is about 800mm, Semen Tritici aestivi water consumption 420mm, Semen Maydiss water consumption about 380mm, the wherein average annual rainfall about 510mm of growing area, wheat growing season rainfall about 109mm, summer In corn growth season about rainfall 390mm, in wheat planting, about 70mm can be provided by soil, and 230mm needs to irrigate and meets.Production process Middle flowering stage of wheat and pustulation period remain a need for large quantity of moisture, due to farming operation inconvenience, broad irrigation and liquid manure is excessively concentrated, and one Aspect causes valuable water resource waste, on the other hand causes soil available N make full use of, and causes Nutrient Leaching, and water body is dirty Dye.

Content of the invention

There is a serious shortage in the supply in order to solve Hebei Plain water resource for the present invention, and agricultural water use efficiency is low with water scarcity simultaneously The problem that deposits, there is provided a kind of winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method, improves liquid manure utilization ratio With realize potentiation increase production.

The present invention is to realize that the technical scheme that its purpose is adopted is：

Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method, is carried out by controlling water-fertilizer integral, whole Base fertilizer being applied before ground, then fertilizer spraying, being suppressed after broadcasting, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage, boot stage and pustulation period fill respectively Irrigate once, when jointing stage, boot stage, the irrigation opportunity of pustulation period are 0-60cm deep soil relative water content≤55%, every time Duty is 15-25m³/ mu, when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and is topdressed.

In highest every mu of 80-120 ten thousand of tiller number of Winter Wheat Population, control period of seedling establishment is lost to jointing stage soil moisture content Damage, 0-60cm soil layers soil relative water content is controlled in 50%-70%.

At per mu of highest tiller number≤800,000 of Winter Wheat Population, the soil moisture content loss of control late growth stage, 0- 80cm soil layers soil relative water content is controlled below 70%.

Irrigate the concrete time be：

A, jointing stage irrigation time：

Every mu of ＜ of highest tiller number 800,000 in Winter Wheat Population, the condition from the rainfall ＜ 30mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 20-March 30 March；

Every mu of 80-100 of highest tiller number ten thousand in Winter Wheat Population, the bar from the rainfall ＜ 30mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under part, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 25-April 5 March；

Every mu of ＜ of highest tiller number 800,000 in Winter Wheat Population, the bar from the rainfall 30-71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under part, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 1-April 10 April；

Per mu more than 1,000,000 of the highest tiller number in Winter Wheat Population, from the rainfall ＜ 30mm's for being seeded into the jointing stage Under the conditions of, or the every mu of 80-100 of highest tiller number ten thousand in Winter Wheat Population, from the rainfall 30-71mm's for being seeded into the jointing stage Under the conditions of, or the every mu of ＜ of highest tiller number 800,000 in Winter Wheat Population, the bar from the rainfall ＞ 71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under part, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 10-April 15 April；

Every mu of 80-100 of highest tiller number ten thousand in Winter Wheat Population, the bar from the rainfall ＞ 71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under part, or per mu more than 1,000,000 of the highest tiller number in Winter Wheat Population, from the rainfall 30-71mm's for being seeded into the jointing stage Under the conditions of, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 10-April 15 April；

Per mu more than 1,000,000 of the highest tiller number in Winter Wheat Population, from the rainfall ＞ 71mm's for being seeded into the jointing stage Under the conditions of, after the irrigation time of jointing stage is April 15；

B, boot stage irrigation time：Irrigation time according to the jointing stage determines the irrigation time in boot stage, using the soil water Balance-dividing method；

C, pustulation period irrigation time：Irrigation time according to boot stage determines the irrigation time of pustulation period, using the soil water Balance-dividing method；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：Irrigation time according to the pustulation period determines the irrigation time of late growth stage, using soil Moisture balance.

Irrigated by the way of sprinkling irrigation, by controlling the pressure that sprays, the water spray height for controlling the jointing stage is 0.8-0.9m, The water spray height in boot stage is 1.2-1.54m, and the water spray height of pustulation period is 1.0-1.2m.

Sprinkling irrigation adopts folding footpath for the fine-spraying belt of 60-70mm, and the spacing between adjacent fine-spraying belt is 1.6-2.0m.

When topdressing, jointing stage Nitrogen Top Dressing, the amount of imposing of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23-0.25kg nitrogenous fertilizer, pregnant Ear period and pustulation period nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=(1.9-2.1):(0.4-0.6):1 ratio is topdressed, boot stage Topdressing amount is 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17-0.18kg fertilizer, and the topdressing amount of pustulation period is 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.22-0.24kg Fertilizer.

The sowing time of fertilizer spraying is 5-October 20 October, and application rate 10-15kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3- 5cm, October 18 are sowed later, are often postponed one day, increase application rate 0.4-0.6kg/ mu.

Also include that disease pest and weed is prevented and treated：Soil is mixed in boot stage Isofenphos methyl or chlopyrifos to spread fertilizer over the fields, is being eared and is being bloomed Period sprays insecticide, sprays antibacterial, spray hot-dry wind tolerance preparation in the watery stage before blooming stage.Described insecticide is selected from pyrrole Worm quinoline, Rogor class etc., antibacterial is selected from olefin conversion or many spirit bacterium, heat resistanceheat resistant dry-air blast preparation potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=(6-8):(6-8):(3-5) apply fertilizer.

Suppression is suppressed once with land presser, and the suppression speed of travel is 100-130m/min.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Hebei Plain water resource can be solved by the method for the present invention, and there is a serious shortage in the supply, agriculture Industry water resource utilization efficiency is low with water scarcity and the problem deposited, while the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi can be improved so that the product of Semen Tritici aestivi Amount up to more than 500kg/ mus, while the Semen Tritici aestivi for harvesting nutritive value is higher after testing, in wheat seed, phenolic content, protein contain Amount is significantly improved.

Specific embodiment

In the technical program, in terms of N element, in terms of P element, the consumption of potash fertilizer is with K element for the consumption of phosphate fertilizer for the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer Meter, has carried out plantation weighing apparatus in rainy year, flat rain year and dry year in HeiLonggang District respectively and has seen 35 experiments, rainy year, flat rain year 1 is shown in Table with the rainfall and evaporation capacity of dry year, the present invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.

1 rainy year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 89.2mm, highest tiller number are per mu 890,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 22m³/ mu (about 33mm), boot stage duty are 20m³/ mu (about 30mm), pustulation period duty are 15m³/ mu, when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and is topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 890,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：April 15, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring be 2.71t=33+1.24t, the spring One water and the t=22.4 days interval time of two water of spring, are to ensure that the moisture of jointing stage to Early filling stage is sufficient, the time of two water of spring For May 7, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=2: 0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=30+1.17t, Chun Ershui and the t=6.99 days interval time of three water of spring, are the moisture abundance ensured to Early filling stage, and the time of three water of spring is 5 The moon 15, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=2: 0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=22.5+1.17t, three water of spring and life Educate the t=5.24 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 21.

Irrigated by the way of sprinkling irrigation, using spray irrigation band, by controlling the pressure that sprays, field hollow billet (fine-spraying belt) pressure Ensure that water-column is less than 1.5m, to reduce rising loss, the water spray height for controlling the jointing stage is 0.8-1.0m, boot stage Water spray height is 1.2-1.5m, and the water spray height of pustulation period is 1.0-1.2m.

Increase the disease pest and weed preventing and treating of winter wheat simultaneously：Soil is mixed in boot stage Isofenphos methyl or chlopyrifos to spread fertilizer over the fields, Heading sprays insecticide with duration of flowering, sprays antibacterial, sprays hot-dry wind tolerance preparation in the watery stage, in Semen Tritici aestivi wax before blooming stage Ripe latter stage harvests as early as possible.

After testing from the jointing stage (April 8) is seeded into, prior art is typically chosen in is irrigated day in April 8-10, generally Think that each stage of wheat growth is unable to hydropenia or water loss, need to ensure sufficient moisture, the present embodiment passes through will The time delay of one water of spring is 55% to April 15, after testing 0-60cm soil layers soil relative water content so that winter wheat turns green Moisture to the jointing stage suitably loses, for improving the yield of winter wheat, then by filling to moisture between Early filling stage the jointing stage Foot, further improves yield, in combination with the amount of imposing of fertilizer so that during final results, the yield of winter wheat reaches 530kg/ Mu, by the amount of imposing of fertilizer, impose ratio and fertilizer and water impose irrigation method, while raising yield, improve The utilization rate of fertilizer, and total phenolics amount and protein content in Semen Tritici aestivi is substantially increased, total phenolics in detection wheat seed For 952.38 μ g/g, protein content 128.31mg/g, nutritive value and the processing quality of Semen Tritici aestivi is substantially increased.

2 rainy year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 118.6mm, highest tiller number are per mu 1,180,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=6:8:3 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (6kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(8kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (3kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 13kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 20m³/ mu (about 30mm), boot stage duty are 18m³/ mu (about 27mm), pustulation period duty are 16m³/ mu (about 24mm), when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water to be carried out Topdress.

Highest tiller number is measured for 1,180,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：April 20, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring be 2.71t=30+1.24t, the spring One water and the t=20.4 days interval time of two water of spring, are to ensure that the moisture of jointing stage to Early filling stage is sufficient, the time of two water of spring For May 10, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.18kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 1.9:0.4:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=27+1.17t, Chun Ershui and the t=6.29 days interval time of three water of spring, are the moisture abundance ensured to Early filling stage, and the time of three water of spring is 5 The moon 17, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=1.9: 0.4:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=24+1.17t, three water of spring and fertility The t=5.59 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 23.

Irrigated by the way of sprinkling irrigation, using spray irrigation band, by controlling the pressure that sprays, control the water spray height of jointing stage For 0.8-0.9m, the water spray height in boot stage is 1.2-1.54m, and the water spray height of pustulation period is 1.0-1.2m.

After testing from the jointing stage (April 13) is seeded into, prior art is typically chosen in is irrigated day in April 13-15, general Hydropenia or water loss are unable to all over each stage for thinking wheat growth, need to ensure that sufficient moisture, the present embodiment pass through By the time delay of one water of spring to April 20,0-60cm soil layers soil relative water content is 54% after testing, is turned green by control Phase to jointing stage soil moisture is suitably lost so that during final results, the yield of winter wheat reaches 560kg/ mus, detects Semen Tritici aestivi seed In grain, total phenolics are 943.85 μ g/g, protein content 124.16mg/g, substantially increase nutritive value and the processed goods of Semen Tritici aestivi Matter.

3 rainy year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 89.6mm, highest tiller number are per mu 720,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=8:6:5 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (8kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(6kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (5kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 21m³/ mu (about 31.5mm), boot stage duty are 22m³/ Mu (about 33mm), pustulation period duty are 17m³/ mu (about 25.5mm), when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water Topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 720,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：April 13, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.25kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring is 2.71t=31.5+1.24t, The t=21.4 days interval time of Chun Yishui and two water of spring, is the moisture abundance for ensureing the jointing stage to Early filling stage, two water of spring when Between be May 3, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2.1:0.4:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=33+1.17t, Chun Ershui and the t=7.69 days interval time of three water of spring, are the moisture abundance ensured to Early filling stage, and the time of three water of spring is 5 The moon 11, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=2.1: 0.4:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=25.5+1.17t, three water of spring and life Educate the t=5.9 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 19.

Generally believe that each stage of wheat growth is unable to hydropenia or water loss, need to ensure sufficient moisture, this By late growth stage, it is 45% to control 0-80cm soil layers soil relative water content to technical scheme, late growth stage moisture is suitably lost Damage, suitably waned with reference to late growth stage moisture by Soil water balance equation so that the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi is 520kg/ mus, detects little In wheat seed, total phenolics are 946.29 μ g/g, protein content 124.83mg/g, substantially increase the nutritive value of Semen Tritici aestivi and add Work quality.

4 flat rain year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 62.2mm, highest tiller number are per mu 740,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 15kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 25m³/ mu (about 37.5mm), boot stage duty are 25m³/ Mu (about 37.5mm), pustulation period duty are 18m³/ mu (about 27mm), when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water Topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 740,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：April 5, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg nitrogenous fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring is 2.71t=37.5+1.24t, The t=25.5 days interval time of Chun Yishui and two water of spring, is the moisture abundance for ensureing the jointing stage to Early filling stage, two water of spring when Between be May 1, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=37.5+ The t=8.74 days interval time of 1.17t, Chun Ershui and three water of spring, be ensure sufficient to the moisture of Early filling stage, three water of spring when Between be May 10, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=27+1.17t, three water of spring and fertility The t=6.29 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 18.

Generally believe that each stage of wheat growth is unable to hydropenia or water loss, need to ensure sufficient moisture, this Technical scheme controls 0-80cm soil layers soil relative water content for 40% so that late growth stage moisture is appropriate by late growth stage Loss, is suitably waned with reference to late growth stage moisture by Soil water balance equation so that the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi is 520kg/ mus, detects In wheat seed total phenolics be 939.64 μ g/g, protein content 124.86mg/g, substantially increase Semen Tritici aestivi nutritive value and Processing quality.

5 flat rain year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 68.4mm, highest tiller number are per mu 1,140,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 24m³/ mu (about 36mm), boot stage duty are 23m³/ mu (about 34.5mm), pustulation period duty are 17m³/ mu (about 25.5mm), when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water Topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 1,140,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：April 12, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring be 2.71t=36+1.24t, the spring One water and the t=24.5 days interval time of two water of spring, are to ensure that the moisture of jointing stage to Early filling stage is sufficient, the time of two water of spring For May 6, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=2: 0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=34.5+ The t=8.04 days interval time of 1.17t, Chun Ershui and three water of spring, be ensure sufficient to the moisture of Early filling stage, three water of spring when Between be May 15, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=25.5+1.17t, three water of spring and life Educate the t=5.9 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 22.

After testing from the jointing stage (April 6) is seeded into, prior art is typically chosen in is irrigated day in April 6-8, generally Think that each stage of wheat growth is unable to hydropenia or water loss, need to ensure sufficient moisture, the present embodiment passes through will The time delay of one water of spring is 52% to April 12, after testing 0-60cm soil layers soil relative water content, by controlling winter wheat The moisture that turns green to the jointing stage suitably loses so that during final results, the yield of winter wheat reaches 540kg/ mus, detects Semen Tritici aestivi seed In grain, total phenolics are 952.38 μ g/g, protein content 128.31mg/g, substantially increase nutritive value and the processed goods of Semen Tritici aestivi Matter.

6 flat rain year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 55.2mm, highest tiller number are per mu 920,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 25m³/ mu (about 37.5mm), boot stage duty are 25m³/ Mu (about 37.5mm), pustulation period duty are 16m³/ mu (about 24mm), when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water Topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 920,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：April 11, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring is 2.71t=37.5+1.24t, The t=25.5 days interval time of Chun Yishui and two water of spring, is the moisture abundance for ensureing the jointing stage to Early filling stage, two water of spring when Between be May 6, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=37.5+ The t=8.74 days interval time of 1.17t, Chun Ershui and three water of spring, be ensure sufficient to the moisture of Early filling stage, three water of spring when Between be May 16, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=24+1.17t, three water of spring and fertility The t=5.59 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 22.

After testing from the jointing stage (April 6) is seeded into, prior art is typically chosen in is irrigated day in April 6-8, generally Think that each stage of wheat growth is unable to hydropenia or water loss, need to ensure sufficient moisture, the present embodiment passes through will The time delay of one water of spring is 50% to April 11, after testing 0-60cm soil layers soil relative water content, by controlling winter wheat The moisture that turns green to the jointing stage suitably loses so that during final results, the yield of winter wheat reaches 535kg/ mus, detects Semen Tritici aestivi seed In grain, total phenolics are 946.78 μ g/g, protein content 125.41mg/g, substantially increase nutritive value and the processed goods of Semen Tritici aestivi Matter.

7 dry year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 28mm, highest tiller number are per mu 910,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 25m³/ mu (about 37.5mm), boot stage duty are 25m³/ Mu (about 37.5mm), pustulation period duty are 20m³/ mu (about 30mm), when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water Topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 910,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：March 31, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring is 2.71t=37.5+1.24t, The t=25.5 days interval time of Chun Yishui and two water of spring, is the moisture abundance for ensureing the jointing stage to Early filling stage, two water of spring when Between be April 27, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=37.5+ The t=8.74 days interval time of 1.17t, Chun Ershui and three water of spring, be ensure sufficient to the moisture of Early filling stage, three water of spring when Between be May 7, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=30+1.17t, three water of spring and fertility The t=6.99 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 15.

The moisture that is turned green to the jointing stage by controlling winter wheat suitably loses so that during final results, the yield of winter wheat reaches To 524kg/ mus, in detection wheat seed, total phenolics are 928.36 μ g/g, protein content 121.43mg/g, substantially increase little The nutritive value of wheat and processing quality.

8 dry year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 23mm, highest tiller number are per mu 1,160,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 25m³/ mu (about 37.5mm), boot stage duty are 25m³/ Mu (about 37.5mm), pustulation period duty are 23m³Fertilizer, when irrigating, is dissolved in irrigation water by/mu (about 34.5mm) In topdressed.

Highest tiller number is measured for 1,160,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring is 2.71t=37.5+1.24t, The t=25.5 days interval time of Chun Yishui and two water of spring, is the moisture abundance for ensureing the jointing stage to Early filling stage, two water of spring when Between be May 7, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=37.5+ The t=8.74 days interval time of 1.17t, Chun Ershui and three water of spring, be ensure sufficient to the moisture of Early filling stage, three water of spring when Between be May 17, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=34.5+1.17t, three water of spring and life Educate the t=8.04 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 26.

5mm is remained after testing also from being seeded into jointing stage (April 6) soil and effectively store moisture, prior art is typically chosen Irrigated in day in April 6-8, the present embodiment passes through the time delay of one water of spring to April 11, turned green by controlling winter wheat Moisture to the jointing stage suitably loses so that during final results, the yield of winter wheat reaches 518kg/ mus, in detection wheat seed Total phenolics are 943.81 μ g/g, protein content 125.12mg/g, substantially increase nutritive value and the processing quality of Semen Tritici aestivi.

9 dry year of embodiment regulation and control method (rainfall 20mm, highest tiller number are per mu 750,000)

Base fertilizer is applied before site preparation, and per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=7:7:4 fertilisings, Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen fertilizer (7kg/ mus), and phosphate fertilizer is P₂O₅(7kg/ mus), potash fertilizer is K₂O (4kg/ mus), then fertilizer spraying, during sowing Between be October 10, application rate 12kg/ mu, depth of planting are 3-5cm, after broadcasting suppress 1 time, the land presser speed of travel be 110- 120m/min, after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage duty is 25m³/ mu (about 37.5mm), boot stage duty are 20m³/ Mu (about 30mm), pustulation period duty are 20m³Fertilizer, when irrigating, is dissolved in irrigation water by/mu (about 30mm) Row topdresses.

Highest tiller number is measured for 750,000, the concrete time of irrigation is：

A, the time in the first water of spring (jointing stage)：March 23, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.24kg nitrogen Fertilizer；

The time of B, Chun Ershui (boot stage)：It is shown in Table rainfall 37.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae month 1.24mm), moon evapotranspiration 81.2mm (daily evapotranspiration 2.71mm), then the irrigation time of two water of spring is 2.71t=37.5+1.24t, The t=25.5 days interval time of Chun Yishui and two water of spring, is the moisture abundance for ensureing the jointing stage to Early filling stage, two water of spring when Between be April 19, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

The time of C, Chun Sanshui (pustulation period)：1 is shown in Table, rainfall 35.2mm (the daily rainfall average out in May 1.17mm), moon evapotranspiration 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm), then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 2.71t=37.5+ The t=20.4 days interval time of 1.24t, Chun Ershui and three water of spring, be ensure sufficient to the moisture of Early filling stage, three water of spring when Between be May 9, while pouring water, by 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23kg fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer= 2:0.5:1 ratio；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：1 is shown in Table, the rainfall 35.2mm (daily rainfall average out to 1.17mm) in May, the moon steam Amount 163.8mm (daily evapotranspiration 5.46mm) is dissipated, then the irrigation time of three water of spring is 5.46t=30+1.17t, three water of spring and fertility The t=6.99 days interval time in later stage, the time of late growth stage is May 17.

Suitably waned with reference to late growth stage moisture by Soil water balance equation so that the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi is 509kg/ mus, By detecting that total phenolics are 936.43 μ g/g, protein content 124.14mg/g in wheat seed, substantially increase the battalion of Semen Tritici aestivi Support and be worth and processing quality.

1 HeiLonggang District wheat growth stage of table difference month rainfall

The design parameter analysis of the inventive method：

1st, suppress after broadcasting

1.1 suppression passes：Suppress 1 time after Wheat Sowing.

1.2 suppression speed：The suppression speed of travel is controlled between 100m/min-130m/min.

1.3 suppression intensity：

1., straw-returning wheatland

Straw-returning wheatland suppression intensity specific targets are shown in Table 2.

The suppression intensity requirement of 2 straw-returning wheatland of table

2., straw does not go back field wheatland

Straw does not go back the wheatland in field, and light loam is suppressed using severe, and medium loam is suppressed using moderate, and heavy loam is using slight Suppression.Suppression intensity index is as follows,

Drum wheel land presser is divided into slight suppression, moderate suppression, severe 3 grades of suppression according to every linear meter(lin.m.) weight meter.Tool Body index is shown in Table 3.

3 land presser weight indicator (unit of table：kg/m)

Slight suppression	Moderate is suppressed	Severe is suppressed
			＜ 100	100～150	＞ 150

2nd, the different growth of cereal crop seedlings are different to the response of water deficit

2.1. the irrigation time of the first water of spring

The water balance situation of different different rainfall year sowing-jointing under the conditions of 4 fertilizer spraying of table

(April 10 10-next year of October)/mm

Under the conditions of fertilizer spraying, rainy model year, from the jointing stage in next year (April 10) is seeded into, soil effectively stores water Divide and also have 10mm surpluses, and in normal fraction of the year, soil available water storage capacity runs out of, surplus is 0, the soil of dry year April 10 The effective water storage capacity of earth has 10mm breach.Only from terms of different rainfall year, rainy year, one water of spring are irrigated and can postpone till mid-April, typically April 10 time pours water than convenient, can will pour water in dry year and advance at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March.

Under the conditions of the growth of cereal crop seedlings is preferable (per mu 800,000-120 ten thousand of highest tiller number), turns green to the jointing stage and keep appropriate moisture The raising waned beneficial to yield.Jointing stage to sufficient water supply should be kept between Early filling stage, beneficial to the raising of yield.

5 winter wheat of table turn green after impact (highest tiller number per mu 80 ten thousand -120 ten thousand) of the different times control water to yield

Under conditions of colony is poor (highest tiller number≤800,000), sufficient water supply during turning green to booting, should be kept, Raising beneficial to yield.Ear to Early filling stage, appropriate water deficit reaction is insensitive, to late growth stage, water deficit is beneficial to Output increased.

6 winter wheat of table turn green after impact (highest tiller number≤80 ten thousand) of the different times control water to yield

In conjunction with above-mentioned situation, appropriate postponement one water of spring makes Soil conservation appropriateness arid, promotes to prick under root system.In Extreme Dry Under conditions of non-irrigated (being seeded into 10 daily rainfall of April less than 30mm) or colony poor (highest tiller number is less than 800,000), the spring first Liquid manure is early managed, and is being carried out at the beginning of by the end of March or 4 months.In soil moisture content general (flat rain year) or the poor growth of cereal crop seedlings of soil moisture content preferably (highest tiller number Per mu 1,000,000～120 ten thousand) under conditions of, the first liquid manure of spring is in the management of April 10 than conveniently.In the preferable condition of the soil moisture content growth of cereal crop seedlings Under, the suggestion of the first water of spring was carried out after April 15.

Spring one water and fertilizer management passage of calendar time of the table 7 based on the soil moisture content growth of cereal crop seedlings

2.2 determine second liquid manure time according to one liquid manure of spring and later stage rainfall

Using Soil water balance equation, second moisture time is calculated.Concrete grammar is as follows：

Soil moisture content is determined using native seasoning is bored, every 20d after wheat cultivation, late growth stage every 10d, before pouring water Afterwards plus survey, same process drills through 0～200cm soil layer soil samples per cell, is fetched earth for one layer per 10cm.Entered with soil moisture content One step calculates crop wager requirements, and computing formula is：

E in formula_t(1-2)The total soil layer number γ of stage water consumption i soil layer numbering n_iI-th layer of soil dry bulk density H_iI-th Layer thickness of soil θ_i1And θ_i2P is calculated with the moisture content of period Mo with the percent for accounting for dry ground weight at the beginning of i-th layer of soil period has Increment mm of the subsoil water to crop root in the irrigation quantity G periods in the effect precipitation I period, when subsoil water buried depth is more than During 2.5m, G can disregard, the subsoil water buried depth of this area in below 7m, therefore without mensuration region in the recharge of ground water R periods Flow path surface mm, trial zone physical features is flat, produces without rainwash, therefore R is 0F period Nei Gen area's deep percolation mm, Its computational methods is effectively soil moisture content mm+ irrigation quantities (or precipitation, mm)-field of pouring water before (or precipitation) in 200cm soil layers Between water-holding capacity mm, Semen Tritici aestivi season rainfall is little, and soils remediation technolgy is low, there is no seepage.

The formula can be reduced to

Appropriate postponement the first water of spring, normal year soil available water storage capacity is 0, and the formula can be further simplified as

E_t(1-2)=P+I (3)

Second water irrigation time is arranged according to the first water irrigation time, so that April 10 filled the first water of spring as an example.Pour water 25m³/ mu, converts into 37.5mm, the stage (about 20 days 10～April 30 of April) average daily average rainfall 1.46mm/d for many years, Average daily evapotranspiration 3.33mm/d.Second water irrigation period is determined according to computing formula：

3.33t=37.5+1.46t (4)

T pours water and the second water spacer natural law for the first water.Solve equation calculating t=20 days.About pour water within 30th in April.

2.3 determine the third time liquid manure time according to two liquid manure of spring and later stage rainfall

By that analogy, water irrigation time ranked third according to the second water irrigation time peace, so that May 1 poured water as an example.Second Per mu of 20m that pours water³, 30mm, the stage many annual daily rainfall 2mm/d (about 20 days 1-Mays 20 of May) is converted into, daily Evapotranspiration 5.01mm/d.

5.01t=30+2t (5)

T pours water and the 3rd water spacer natural law for the second water.Solve equation calculating t=10 days.About pour water within 10th in May.

2.4 late growth stage water requirement cultivation regulation measures

Third time irrigation quantity is 15m³/ mu, converts into 22.5mm, so that May 10 poured water as an example, (May 10 days～6 in the stage Months about 20 days on the 1st) average daily rainfall 1mm for many years, and the stage average daily evapotranspiration 2.1mm/d.According to computing formula it is：

2.1t=22.5+t (6)

T pours water and the depleted interval natural law of soil water supply for the 3rd water.Solve equation calculating t=20 days.I.e. about in June Pour water within 1st.

After the water consumption of June 1 is finished, Semen Tritici aestivi is not also harvested, general this area's harvesting wheat June 10 in front and back.Should Stage moisture source is divided into two parts, (1)) from June 1 to June 10 Multi-year average precipitation be 10mm；(2) Semen Tritici aestivi is deep Root system crop, by the jointing stage before water-fertilizer conditioning, control fertilizer spraying, in conjunction with the strict control of base fertilizer so that winter wheat Drought in later stage can give full play to deep root system effect, absorb deep carbonate rocks, provide the water in the stage under the conditions of waning Divide supply.On the one hand promote wheat prematurity, be that the photo-thermal time vacateed by lower stubble Semen Maydiss, on the other hand can avoid to greatest extent doing The underproduction loss that hot blast is caused.In order to coordinate the enforcement of the technology, wheat breed select precocious drought-enduring variety such as " Heng Guan 35”.Semen Tritici aestivi optimum period, early receives the harm that can miss hot dry wind, reduces the loss that hot dry wind is caused to yield.

There is probability in 8 Hebei Plain hot dry wind of table

The technology application characteristic under 2.4 special times

(1) under the model year (to period of maturation accumulative rainfall≤30mm after turning green) of extreme drought, in conjunction with weather forecast and field Between measured data, calculate average daily evapotranspiration and average daily rainfall coefficient of discharge and apply mechanically formula (3) again, calculate irrigation period.

(2) in precipitation abundant year (to a period of maturation accumulative rainfall >=260mm or lasting rainfall >=90mm after turning green), root Layer field moisture exceedes field capacity, according to formula (2), calculates leakage.In combination with weather forecast, average daily steaming is calculated Dissipate amount and average daily rainfall coefficient of discharge applies mechanically formula (3) again, calculate irrigation period.

3rd, fertilizer management

The administration of 3.1 nitrogenous fertilizer

(1) Semen Tritici aestivi is from being seeded into the jointing stage, and the effect of the stage nitrogen is mainly for Semen Tritici aestivi nutrient growth (including root system and stem Leaf), the accumulation of plant pair nitrogen is 7-8kg/ mus, and Semen Tritici aestivi base fertilizer consumption is defined as 7kg/ mus, can meet the nitrogen in the stage Demand., easily there is freeze injury in excessive, the Dong Qian colonies Pian Wang for nitrogen.

(2) due to being that nutrient growth is gone forward side by side the stage with reproductive growth from the stage in jointing stage to boot stage, abundance supplies nitrogen, is little Wheat captures the key of high yield, determines from the jointing stage (by taking April 10 as an example) and starts second nitrogen fertilizer application, and the jointing stage chases after nitrogen excessively, Semen Tritici aestivi easily gets rid of great Ye, and colony is strongly fragrant to cover, and is susceptible to pest and disease damage, therefore amount of application 6kg/ mus, accumulates to the nitrogen stage in boot stage Measure as 5kg/ mus.The stage chases after nitrogen excessively, can postpone wheat flower, shortens the pustulation period.

(3) booting is to florescence, stage accumulation 1-2kg/ mu of the Semen Tritici aestivi to nitrogen, the fertilising 2kg/ mus (May 1 in stage Day), it is ensured that Early filling stage nutrient supply.

(4) to the period of maturation to nitrogen accumulation amount 2-3kg/ mus, the stage nitrogen Main Function is to delay to give birth to grouting mid-term Phase, prevent later stage nitrogen stress from causing senilism, therefore nitrogen dressing 2kg/ mus (May 10) again, to meet demand of the later stage to nitrogen.Should Stage chases after nitrogen excessively, and colony can be caused remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, increases and meets with hot dry wind disaster probability.

Convert into total amount of nitrogen 17kg/ mus.Semen Tritici aestivi is 17-18kg/ mus to the gross accumulation amount of nitrogen.

The administration of 3.2 phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus element is different from nitrogen, due to phosphorus mobility poor, many in production applied with base fertilizer, the later stage is rare to topdress.In conjunction with Water-fertilizer integral, also dependent on special demands of the Semen Tritici aestivi to phosphate fertilizer, then the later stage topdresses in right amount.Absorption characteristics according to phosphorus：Phosphorus Absorption and distribution center is shifted with organic centre and is shifted, and to late growth stage with fringe portion and seed as organic centre, the stage imposes Phosphate fertilizer is as important to the formation of yield.

(1) from blooming stage is seeded into, the accumulation of plant pair phosphorus element is 7-8kg/ mus to Semen Tritici aestivi, and phosphorus is the weight of crop cell core Ingredient is wanted, and the Main Function of the stage phosphorus element is the demand for wheat growth center being met to phosphorus, therefore Semen Tritici aestivi base fertilizer consumption It is defined as 7kg/ mus, the phosphorus element demand in the stage can be met.Phosphorus this season utilization rate is low, and phosphate fertilizer will not be made to Semen Tritici aestivi using excessive Into much harm, but also without much benefits.Above problems faced is mainly phosphorus deficiency for current production, and phosphate fertilizer price is high, general raw The little producer of fertilizer is produced, phosphate fertilizer all targets are high, and content is not reached at all.

(2) to the pustulation period, stage accumulation 0.5-1kg/ mu of the Semen Tritici aestivi to phosphorus element, the mobility of phosphorus are very poor, the rank for flowering Section phosphorus administration is more, and wheat root does not absorb, and sheerly wastes, therefore, stage fertilising 0.5kg/ mus (May 1), it is ensured that Early filling stage nutrient supply.The phosphorus in the stage mainly improves Wheat Photosynthesis effect, improves resistance of the Semen Tritici aestivi to disease.

(3) grouting mid-term to the period of maturation to nitrogen accumulation amount 0.5-1kg/ mus, then nitrogen dressing 2kg/ mus (May 10), with Meet demand of the later stage to phosphorus element.The phosphorus in the stage mainly improves Wheat Photosynthesis effect, prevents senilism, improves to hot dry wind Resistance.The mobility of phosphorus is very poor, and stage phosphorus administration is more, and wheat root does not absorb, and sheerly wastes.

Convert into total phosphorus application amount 8kg/ mus.Semen Tritici aestivi is 8-9kg/ mus to the gross accumulation amount of phosphorus element.

The administration of 3.3 potash fertilizer

Potassium is different from nitrogen phosphorus element.Potassium is present with ionic formses in crop body, physiology of the potassium early stage in crop body Effect, mainly plays the strong stalk of strong sprout, and photosynthate can be promoted to operate in crop body to later stage potassium and reallocate, be conducive to The raising of output coefficient.In addition, potassium reaches highest in crop cylinder accumulation amount in booting blooming stage, rapid decline, little afterwards Wheat, is protected in the balance absorbed in potassium leaching loss and potassium from the period of maturation each organ (except seed) is grouted into as the temporary storage official of potassium The potassium nutrition of certain level is held beneficial to the balance for maintaining potassium leaching loss and potassium to absorb.Under liquid manure one working condition, wheat yield is not High yield Super-high-yielding is pursued, colony is also not up to the density of easy lodging.Therefore, suitably can reduce early stage K Amounts, later stage Topdress again, give full play to phase potassium physiological action, additionally, due to sprinkler irrigation technique is used, reach the effect of foliage dressing.In conjunction with life Product feature and this feature of potassium,

(1) Semen Tritici aestivi is present with ionic formses in crop body from blooming stage, potassium is seeded into, and potassium early stage is in crop body Physiological action, mainly plays the strong stalk of strong sprout, and photosynthate can be promoted to operate in crop body to later stage potassium and reallocate, have Raising beneficial to output coefficient.In addition, potassium reaches highest in crop cylinder accumulation amount in booting blooming stage, rapid afterwards under Drop, Semen Tritici aestivi from the period of maturation each organ (except seed) is grouted into as the temporary storage official of potassium, in the balance that potassium leaching loss and potassium absorb In, the potassium nutrition of certain level is kept beneficial to the balance for maintaining potassium leaching loss and potassium to absorb.Under liquid manure one working condition, Semen Tritici aestivi is produced Amount does not pursue high yield Super-high-yielding, and colony is also not up to the density of easy lodging.Therefore, early stage K Amounts can suitably be reduced, Later stage topdresses again, gives full play to phase potassium physiological action, additionally, due to sprinkler irrigation technique is used, reaches the effect of foliage dressing.Plant Strain is 13-15kg/ mus to the accumulation of potassium, and Semen Tritici aestivi base fertilizer consumption is defined as 4kg/ mus, in wheat seed potassium accumulation compared with Low, it is primarily present in straw and blade, after wheat stalk returning, the potassium for having 7-9kg/ mus is backfilled in soil, can be met The potassium demand in the stage.Potash fertilizer is excessive, only can be converted into the potassium of other forms of nonabsorable by soil, causes to waste (soil The full potassium content of earth is very high, and quick-acting potassium content is very low)

(2) to the pustulation period, to the stage accumulation of potassium in leaching loss state, the stage potassium was used Semen Tritici aestivi for flowering Amount, Semen Tritici aestivi do not absorb, cause to waste, therefore stage fertilising 1kg/ mus (May 1), adjust and maintain potassium leaching loss and potassium to absorb Balance.

(3) period of maturation is grouted into, and Semen Tritici aestivi is in leaching loss state to the stage accumulation of potassium, and the stage applies potassium excess, meeting Cause economic loss.In production, the stage is to add potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer with reference to three anti-developments of a spray, and the nutritional solution for using is phosphorus Acid dihydride potassium.Spray application on blade, foliage dressing.In view of phosphorus potash fertilizer is expensive, Producer will not be excessively used, therefore the rank Section fertilising 1kg/ mus (May 10), adjusts the balance for maintaining that potassium leaching loss and potassium absorb.

Convert into total amount of potassium applied 6kg/ mu.

4th, micro-spray system

Sprinkling irrigation is carried out by micro-spray system, and micro-spray system includes one group of fine-spraying belt being set in parallel in wheat paddock, Fine-spraying belt is connected with water delivery mechanism, and water delivery mechanism includes water pump, force (forcing) pump, filter and the aqueduct being sequentially connected, water pump Input be connected with iirigation water source, aqueduct outfan is connected with fine-spraying belt input.Fine-spraying belt for PE materials oblique five Hole fine-spraying belt, the folding footpath of described fine-spraying belt is 60-70mm, and the spacing of fine-spraying belt is 1.6-2.0m.

5th, fertilization system

Fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water, is sprayed with irrigation water, or first solid fertilizer is incorporated in water, by high concentration Water-soluble water is uniformly injected into the system in irrigation water, and the process selects fertilization system, specific as follows：

It is easy to observe, is easily mastered using one kind, safe and convenient to use, water, fertile proportion adjustment are easily suitable for large area The middle micro-spray device of fertigation, including the centrifugation desilting tank with water inlet and sand storage tank, in the centrifugation desilting tank top Be connected with main pipeline, be disposed with the main pipeline into liquid fertilizer mouth, filter, the first valve, force (forcing) pump, pressure gauge and Main water meter, is connected with jet pipe in the end of the main pipeline, described enter liquid fertilizer mouth on be provided with the second valve, in the filtration Branch pipe(tube) is parallel with main pipeline between device and main water meter, and the 3rd valve and Zhi Jiliang water is provided with the branch pipe(tube) Table, is parallel with fertilising pipeline, on the branch pipe(tube) on the outside of the 3rd valve and a metering water meter on the fertilising pipeline successively The 4th valve, the first gauge table and ratio fertilizer applicator is serially connected with, fertilizer is connected with by fertilizer pipeline on the ratio fertilizer applicator Bucket, carries the second gauge table on the fertilizer pipeline.Branch pipe(tube) side is provided with the in the fertilising pipe end Five valves.

Above-mentioned fertilization system, due to including the centrifugation desilting tank with water inlet and sand storage tank, in centrifugation desilting tank top Main pipeline is connected with, is disposed with main pipeline into liquid fertilizer mouth, filter, the first valve, force (forcing) pump, pressure gauge and main water Table, is connected with jet pipe in the end of main pipeline, is provided with the second valve on liquid fertilizer mouth is entered, between filter and main water meter Branch pipe(tube) is parallel with main pipeline, is provided with the 3rd valve and a metering water meter, in the 3rd valve and Zhi Jiliang on branch pipe(tube) Fertilising pipeline is parallel with branch pipe(tube) on the outside of water meter, on the fertilising pipeline has been sequentially connected in series the 4th valve, the first gauge table With ratio fertilizer applicator, rich water bucket is connected with by fertilizer pipeline on the ratio fertilizer applicator, is carried on the fertilizer pipeline Second gauge table, when high pressure sprinkling irrigation and not tight liquid manure proportion requirement is needed, can be by the 3rd valve and the 4th on branch pipe(tube) Valve closing, and the first valve and the second valve are opened, force (forcing) pump is opened, the rich water entered in liquid fertilizer mouth enters under suction function Enter main pipeline, liquid manure is mixed to be poured so as to reach, when accurate liquid manure ratio is needed, by the first valve and the second valve closing, will 3rd valve and the 4th valve are opened, and are flowed through on fertilising pipeline and branch pipe(tube) to adjust by adjusting the 3rd valve and the 4th valve Current ratio, so as to adjust liquid manure ratio, the water yield and rich water amount by gauge table, the first gauge table and the second gauge table very Easily read, be easy to observe, be easily mastered, easy to use, water, fertile proportion adjustment are convenient directly perceived.Simultaneously as institute State fertilising pipe end and branch pipe(tube) side is provided with the 5th valve, it is to avoid insufficient pressure causes clear water to flow back.

6th, the determination of application rate

(1) wheat leaf blade stops growing at 0 DEG C, and 3 DEG C of growth fractions are slower.Often growth leaf needs 90-100 DEG C of product Temperature.

(2), when cultivation and environment are good, plumule tiller occurs simultaneously with SANYE, during the 4th leaf of stem dew point, a fraction Tiller occurs from the sheath of rough leaf, and during the 6th leaf of stem dew point, two grades of tillers occur.That is one-level tiller tiller is completed Need 180-200 DEG C of accumulated temperature.

(3) winter wheat stem number is few, and colony's deficiency can cause the underproduction；Tiller is excessive, only can increase ineffective tillering.General high yield The final mature spike number 45-50 ten thousand of winter wheat.

(4) one grained wheat seed presses 0.04g calculating, and 500g seeds are 10000.That is, in the case of without tiller, Can achieve 1 jin of seed of sowing and go out 10,000 Seedlings, into 10,000 fringes.

According to above-mentioned analysis and long-term research summary, the sowing time of fertilizer spraying is 5-October 20 October, broadcasts Kind of amount 10-15kg/ mus, depth of planting is 3-5cm, and October 18 was sowed later, often postpones one day, increases application rate 0.4- 0.6kg/ mus.In view of the restriction of highest mature spike number, application rate is up to 12.5kg/ mus, it is ensured that into 450,000/mu of fringe.

Claims

1. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulation and control method, is carried out by controlling water-fertilizer integral, in site preparation Front administration base fertilizer, then fertilizer spraying, suppresses after broadcasting, and after winter wheat turns green, jointing stage, boot stage and pustulation period irrigate respectively Once, it is characterised in that the jointing stage, boot stage, the pustulation period irrigation opportunity be 0-60cm deep soil relative water contents≤ When 55%, each duty is 15-25m³/ mu, when irrigating, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and is topdressed.

2. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that In highest every mu of 80-120 ten thousand of tiller number of Winter Wheat Population, control period of seedling establishment is lost to jointing stage soil moisture content, 0- 60cm soil layers soil relative water content is controlled in 50%-70%.

3. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that At per mu of highest tiller number≤800,000 of Winter Wheat Population, the soil moisture content loss of control late growth stage, 0-80cm soil layers soil Earth relative water content is controlled below 70%.

4. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that Irrigate the concrete time be：

A, jointing stage irrigation time：

Every mu of ＜ of highest tiller number 800,000 in Winter Wheat Population, under conditions of being seeded into the rainfall ＜ 30mm of jointing stage, The irrigation time of jointing stage is 20-March 30 March；

Every mu of 80-100 of highest tiller number ten thousand in Winter Wheat Population, the condition from the rainfall ＜ 30mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 25-April 5 March；

Every mu of ＜ of highest tiller number 800,000 in Winter Wheat Population, under conditions of being seeded into the rainfall 30-71mm of jointing stage, The irrigation time of jointing stage is 1-April 10 April；

Per mu more than 1,000,000 of highest tiller number in Winter Wheat Population, the condition from the rainfall ＜ 30mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under, or the every mu of 80-100 of highest tiller number ten thousand in Winter Wheat Population, the condition from the rainfall 30-71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under, or the every mu of ＜ of highest tiller number 800,000 in Winter Wheat Population, under conditions of being seeded into the rainfall ＞ 71mm of jointing stage, The irrigation time of jointing stage is 10-April 15 April；

Every mu of 80-100 of highest tiller number ten thousand in Winter Wheat Population, the condition from the rainfall ＞ 71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under, or per mu more than 1,000,000 of the highest tiller number in Winter Wheat Population, the bar from the rainfall 30-71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under part, the irrigation time of jointing stage is 10-April 15 April；

Per mu more than 1,000,000 of highest tiller number in Winter Wheat Population, the condition from the rainfall ＞ 71mm for being seeded into the jointing stage Under, after the irrigation time of jointing stage is April 15；

B, boot stage irrigation time：Irrigation time according to the jointing stage determines the irrigation time in boot stage, flat using soil moisture Weighing apparatus method；

C, pustulation period irrigation time：Irrigation time according to boot stage determines the irrigation time of pustulation period, flat using soil moisture Weighing apparatus method；

D, the irrigation of late growth stage：Irrigation time according to the pustulation period determines the irrigation time of late growth stage, using soil moisture Counterbalanced procedure.

5. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that Irrigated by the way of sprinkling irrigation, by controlling the pressure that sprays, the water spray height for controlling the jointing stage is 0.8-0.9m, boot stage Water spray height is 1.2-1.54m, and the water spray height of pustulation period is 1.0-1.2m.

6. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 5 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that Sprinkling irrigation adopts folding footpath for the fine-spraying belt of 60-70mm, and the spacing between adjacent fine-spraying belt is 1.6-2.0m.

7. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that When topdressing, jointing stage Nitrogen Top Dressing, the amount of imposing of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.23-0.25kg nitrogenous fertilizer, boot stage and filling Slurry phase nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=(1.9-2.1):(0.4-0.6):1 ratio is topdressed, and the topdressing amount in boot stage is 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.17-0.18kg fertilizer, and the topdressing amount of pustulation period is 1m³Irrigation quantity dissolves in 0.22-0.24kg fertilizer.

8. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that The sowing time of fertilizer spraying is 5-October 20 October, application rate 10-15kg/ mu, and depth of planting is 3-5cm, October 18 Sowing after day, often postpones one day, increases application rate 0.4-0.6kg/ mu.

9. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, it is characterised in that Also include that disease pest and weed is prevented and treated：Soil is mixed in boot stage Isofenphos methyl or chlopyrifos to spread fertilizer over the fields, is sprayed with duration of flowering in heading Worm agent, sprays antibacterial before blooming stage, sprays hot-dry wind tolerance preparation in the watery stage.

10. winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, and its feature exists In per mu of the dose of base fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer in mass ratio：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer=(6-8):(6-8):(3-5) apply fertilizer.