CN104756699B - Take into account the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity - Google Patents
Take into account the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method for taking into account environmental carrying capacity, comprises the following steps：（1）By whole for Wheat Straw chopping and returnings, in terms of leaded wastewater, 76～112 kg/hm of radix heap2, to contain P2O5Gauge, base apply 100～200 kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2, to contain K2O gauge, 120 Kg/hm of base potassium application2, no-tillage；（2）Before harvesting wheat, iron stubble rushed planting after 5～10 days Mai Long interplanting or harvesting wheat, was finished before June 10, mechanical drilling maize seed, 3～5cm of depth of planting at the latest, and seedling stage plant spacing is 5.5～7.2 ten thousand plants/hm2；（3）In terms of leaded wastewater, in 76～112 kg/hm of toy trumpet mouth period Nitrogen Top Dressing2Afterwards, pour water in time；（4）After bracteal leaf of corn turns to be yellow 7～10 days, seed milk-line disappears, and harvests when base portion black layer occurs.Corn soil and fertilizer as system, the rational application of fertilizer, is sought corn with high yield and eco-friendly chemical fertilizer input amount by the present invention, and scientific prevention and cure pollution of area source promotes agricultural production to develop in harmony with environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of Yu Bei Meadow Soils summer for taking into account environmental carrying capacity is beautiful
Rice high-yield culturing fertilizing method.
Background technology
Moisture soil is the soil affected and formed by ground water movement and farming activity by river deposit, because there is Evening Tide phenomenon and
Gain the name, belong to semi-hydromorphic soil, which is mainly characterized by, and physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, and main integrated distribution is in river flat, triangle
Continent washland and low order ground.North Henan is located at the middle part in the North China Plain, and its soil is mainly moisture soil, and landform is flat, weather bar
Part than convenient, water resource abundance, it is convenient that arrange by filling, highly beneficial to developing agricultural production, is that the main food in Henan Province is produced
Base, to ensureing that China's grain security has great significance.
2010, country carried out national first time generaI investigation to agricultural, has thoroughly carried out fishing expedition to agricultural sources, as a result
Show, impact of the agricultural sources pollutant emission to water environment is larger, agricultural sources are total nitrogen, the main source of total phosphorus discharge, and which is arranged
The 57.2% and 67.4% of total emission volumn is high-volume accounted for respectively.The water pollution problems of China fundamentally to be solved, it is necessary to agricultural sources
The important agenda of environmental protection is included in prevention and cure of pollution.
Corn is one of most important cereal crops of north Henan.At present, peasant is very abundant in fertilizer mostly
Under the conditions of excavate corn yield potential, but ignore agricultural production while " high yield, high-quality " agricultural production realization of goal
The decline of efficiency, causes corn nitrogen, phosphatic manure amount of application to increase year by year, and yield does not accordingly increase, under utilization ratio is obvious
Drop, and agricultural environment is had undesirable effect.For nitrogenous fertilizer, long-term a large amount of applied nitrogens beyond crop absorbability and
Soil holding capabilities, not only fail to reach effect of increasing production, also so that nitrogen is remained in soil in a large number.The big absolutely portion of the nitrogen of surplus
Accumulate in soil profile point in the form of nitrate nitrogen, and the breeding time in corn, north Henan rainfall is big, is irrigating and is collecting
It is easy to cause drip washing to lose during middle rainfall, enters underground water, threaten the health of the mankind.Henan Province's groundwater azotate pollution is tight
Weight, exceeding standard rate have reached 31.4%, and in agricultural production, excessive administration of nitrogenous fertilizer is the main source of pollution.And for phosphate fertilizer,
As the conversion ratio of phosphate fertilizer is relatively low, the demand that phosphate fertilizer or a small amount of administration can not meet corn growth is not applied, but excessive administration will be led
Cause a large amount of accumulations of the phosphorus element in soil, the residual available phosphorus in soil during precipitation or irrigation, by farmland surface footpath
Stream, interflow, agricultural drain and underground leakage etc. enter earth's surface and the groundwater environment pollution that water body is formed.
Affected by soil types, Labile soil organic carbon and weather conditions, different soil types, different areas are fitted
Very big with fertilizers input amount and fertilizing method difference.Thus solve to continue how Yu Bei Meadow Soils coordinate summer corn by applying fertilizer
Contradiction between high yield and ecological environmental protection is particularly significant, but existing research is concentrated mainly on dose to yield and product
The impact of matter, fertilizer surplus are in the impact of agricultural environment, and on the premise of stable yield is ensured take into account applying for Environmental security
Nitrogen, phosphorus quantifier elimination are relatively fewer, lack the production measure that can provide popularization in the middle of agricultural practice.
Content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, corn-soil-fertilizer as total system, the rational application of fertilizer, is sought corn with high yield by the present invention
With eco-friendly chemical fertilizer input amount, it is scientific prevention and cure widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, promotes agricultural production to develop in harmony with environmental protection,
Ensuring Food Safety and Environmental security, and a kind of Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilising side for taking into account environmental carrying capacity is provided
Method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method for taking into account environmental carrying capacity of design, specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
（1）By whole for Wheat Straw chopping and returnings, in terms of leaded wastewater, 76～112kg/hm of radix heap2, to contain P2O5Amount
100～200 kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer applied by meter, base2, to contain K2O gauge, base 115～125kg/hm of potassium application2, no-tillage；
（2）Before harvesting wheat, iron stubble rushed planting after 5～10 days Mai Long interplanting or harvesting wheat, was finished before June 10 at the latest,
Mechanical drilling maize seed, 4～6cm of depth of planting, seedling stage plant spacing are 5.5～7.2 ten thousand plants/hm2；
（3）In terms of leaded wastewater, in toy trumpet mouth phase (10 days or so after corn jointing) 76～112kg/hm of Nitrogen Top Dressing2Afterwards,
Pour water in time；
（4）After bracteal leaf of corn turns to be yellow 7～10 days, seed milk-line disappears, and harvests when base portion black layer occurs；Other field pipes
Reason measure is with conventional.
The nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably two ammoniums or urea.
The potash fertilizer is preferably potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
The phosphate fertilizer is preferably at least one in calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate.
Preferably, in step（2）In, the KH of 0.15～0.20wt% of concentration is used before sowing2PO48～12h of solution seed soaking, energy
Deepen seedling leaf color, the strong root of seedling is prosperous, strong stress resistance, the plot volume increase in soil fertility difference is obvious.
Preferably, in step（2）In, maize seed is dressed seed with bactericide and insecticide before sowing.
Preferably, the bactericide for concentration 2.5wt% suitable happy when or concentration 2wt% Likeming Gel, by seed weight
0.2% seed dressing；The Isofenphos methyl of phoxim or concentration 40wt% of the insecticide for concentration 40wt%, by seed weight
0.2% seed dressing.
The present invention research show, sowing before with above-mentioned bactericide or seed dressing is carried out to corn seed with insecticide can be effective
The common soil-borne disease insect pest in preventing and treating summer corn head smut, stem rot, subterranean pest-insect, northern and southern leaf blight and Yu Bei Meadow Soils, can be with
Healthy and strong seedling, improves the resistance against diseases of plant, it is ensured that summer corn high yield good harvest.
The present invention has actively beneficial technique effect：
（1）The present invention using corn-soil-fertilizer system as research object, the rational application of fertilizer take into account maize stable high yield with
Environmental friendliness safety, energy scientific prevention and cure widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area promotes agricultural production to develop in harmony with environmental protection, is to ensure grain
Safety and Environmental security provide specific embodiment and approach.
（2）Cultivation fertilizing method of the present invention can healthy and strong seedlings root, and in increasing, the ratio of lower floor's root system, strengthen to soil
The absorption of earth deep layer accumulation nitrate nitrogen, on the one hand reduces this season nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, on the other hand reduces first crop input loss of nitrogen fertilizer,
To improving the biological effectiveness of deep layer accumulation nitrate nitrogen, prevent soil nitrate-N drip washing that there is the economy of reality to underground water pollution
Meaning and Significance for Environment.
（3）Cultivation fertilizing method increase of the present invention is targetedly dressed seed medicament, can effectively prevent and treat Yu Bei Meadow Soils normal
The soil-borne disease insect pest that sees, thick and strong seedling improve the resistance against diseases of plant.
（4）The fertilising consumption economy of the inventive method, fertilising opportunity are proper, can timely and effectively supply milpa fertilizer
Material nutrient,（Split application）It is avoided that the environmental risk brought by single-dose application is concentrated in dispersion again, is finally reached holding higher
Economic flow rate, improve corn quality, and can maintain or increase soil fertility, so guarantee Yu Bei Meadow Soils conduit for farmland drainage can
Continuation and the security of ecological environment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 phosphorus application amounts and seed and the graph of a relation of stalk yield；
Fig. 2 corn season phosphorus application amounts and the graph of a relation of seed, overground part P uptake by plants and phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency；
The graph of a relation that Fig. 3 corn season phosphorus application amounts are remained with harvest time Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil；
Fig. 4 soil Olsen-P and CaCl2The graph of a relation of-P；
Fig. 5 soil Olsen-P and the graph of a relation of water-soluble phosphorus；
Fig. 6 soil Olsen-P and the graph of a relation of water-soluble phosphorus；
Impact figure of Fig. 7 amount of nitrogens to corn kernel and stalk yield；
Fig. 8 amount of nitrogens are to corn kernel, the impact figure of stalk amount of nitrogen sucking；
Fig. 9 corn season amount of nitrogens and the graph of a relation of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer；
Figure 10 harvest time content of soil nitrate-N figures of corn season in 2011；
Figure 11 harvest time content of soil nitrate-N figures of corn season in 2012；
Figure 12 harvest time content of soil nitrate-N figures of corn season in 2013；
Figure 13 harvest times corn season in 2011 soil ammonium contains spirogram；
Figure 14 harvest times corn season in 2012 soil ammonium contains spirogram；
Figure 15 harvest times corn season in 2013 soil ammonium contains spirogram；
Figure 16 corn season amount of nitrogens and topsoil and the graph of a relation of 1 meter of soil body Accumulation of inorganic nitrogen amount；
Figure 17 corn season amount of nitrogens and yield and 1 meter of soil body NO3-N accumulation amount, graph of a relation of nitrogen rate of surplus.
Specific embodiment：
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
One Yu Bei Meadow Soils corn phosphate fertilizer input Test of threshold of embodiment
1. experimental condition：Experimental field be located at Henan Province Xunxian, climate type be the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, average day
According to when number 2258.1 hours, 13.8 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, 206 days frost-free periods, average annual precipitation 663.5mm, >=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature
4605.5℃.Soil types is moisture soil, the soil organism (SOM) 12.6g/kg, 0.85 g/kg of total soil nitrogen, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
(Alkali-hydrolysable Nitrogen) 50.2 mg/kg, 13.1 mg/kg of available phosphorus, 110 mg/kg of effective potassium, soil
1.410 g/cm of earth unit weight (0～20cm)3, (20～40cm) 1.52 g/cm3, (40～60cm) 1.46 g/cm3, (60～
80cm)1.41 g/cm3, (80～100cm) 1.37 g/cm3.
2. experimental design：Test arranges 4 process, three repetitions, plot area altogether：6 × 9=54 square meters, random district's groups row
Row.
（1）P0：Phosphorus 0% is not applied；
（2）P1：Phosphorus application amount (P2O5) 100 kg/hm2；
（3）P2：Phosphorus application amount (P2O5) 200kg/hm2；
（4）P4：Phosphorus application amount (P2O5) 400 kg/hm2；
The corn variety that test is selected is Zheng Dan 958, no-tillage.Seeding method is mechanical drilling, and first crop is wheat, Wheat Straw
The also field of stalk 100%.Before sowing when fitting happy with 2.5% concentration and 40% concentration Isofenphos methyl, by seed weight 0.2wt% seed dressings.Broadcast
The period of kind, water content in harvest see the table below 1, and in 5～6cm, seedling stage plant spacing is 5.8～6.2 ten thousand plants/hm for depth of planting control2；4
Individual process, nitrogen, K Amounts are all consistent, i.e. nitrogenous fertilizer（N）150 kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)120kg/hm2.Fertilizer used is：Urine
Element, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate.Wherein 1/2 base of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, and 1/2 imposed in the toy trumpet mouth phase, and the whole bases of phosphorus, potash fertilizer are applied.Corn is given birth to
In educating the phase, each cell field management is consistent.
1 different year corn seedings of table and harvest time
.
3. sample collection and measure：
（1）Each cell was bored 0～20cm pedotheques and was prepared aggregate sample by the collection 5 of layouting of S types harvest time, determined Olsen-
P 、CaCl2- P, water-soluble total phosphorus.Each cell surveys postpartum simultaneously, and point seed, two part of stalk prepare Plant samples, surveys
Field planting strain content of tatal phosphorus.
（2）Test and computational methods
1. the measure of Olsen-P：0.5mol/L NaHCO3Solution is extracted, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method is determined.
CaCl2The measure of-P：0.01mol/L CaC12Solution is extracted, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method is determined.
Water-soluble total phosphorus yield：Deionized water is extracted, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method is determined.
The full phosphorus of plant is determined：After sample comminution, disappear through sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide and boil, vanadium molybdenum Huang colorimetric method for determining.
2. phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency:
PUE=(A-B)/C × 100%, in formula, PUE- phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiencies；A- phosphorus supplies process Crop phosphorus nutrients amount；
B- space management Crop phosphorus nutrients amounts；C- phosphorus element supplys.
4. data processing：Experimental data statistical analysis adopts the softwares such as Excel-2007, SPSS19.0.
5. result and analysis
（1）Phosphorus application amount and Relationship with Yield
As seen from Figure 1, with the increase of phosphorus application amount, the yield of corn is in be slowly increased trend, same to P0Process is compared, P1、
P2、P4Processing yield increases by 9.3%, 10.4%, 11.9% respectively, it is seen that it is limited that phosphorus is applied to the production-increasing function of corn in Meadow Soil.
Stalk yield has similar variation tendency（Fig. 1）, same to P0Process is compared, P1、P2、P4Process yield increase by 10.8% respectively,
11.9%th, 21.87%, the production-increasing function for applying phosphorus to stalk is more obvious than seed.
（2）Phosphorus application amount and P uptake by plants, the relation of phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency
With the increase for applying phosphorus, corn kernel is in be slowly increased trend with overground part P uptake by plants.Phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is with phosphorus application amount
Increase, on a declining curve, see Fig. 2.
（3）Phosphorus application amount and the relation of Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil residual quantity
Corn season is with the increase of phosphorus application amount, soil Olsen-p, CaCl2- P, the content of water-soluble phosphorus increase, in positive
Close（See Fig. 3）, soil Olsen-p contents are higher than water-soluble phosphorus, CaCl2- P content is than relatively low.Wherein phosphorus application amount is contained with Olsen-p
Amount coefficient correlation highest.
（4）The correlation of agricultural land soil Paddy soil
By Fig. 4,5,6 it can be seen that the relation of harvest time Paddy soil is all in conic section relation, CaCl2- P with water-soluble
The relation of property phosphorus, y=0.025x2- 0.003x+18.98, R=0.790；Olsen-P and CaCl2The relation of-P, y=0.003x2-
0.137x+6.252, R=0.524；Olsen-P and the relation of water-soluble phosphorus, y=0.007x2- 0.470x+24.18, R=
0.550.
（5）Soil phosphorus balance
The apparent equilibrium of soil phophorus can reflect that the surplus of soil phophorus and loss situation, the phosphorus entered in soil mainly include
Seed is brought into and phosphate fertilizer is applied, and at one, the phosphorus of soil is mainly the phosphorus that seed is taken out of.As can be seen from Table 2, with phosphorus application amount
Increase, rate of surplus substantial increase of the phosphorus element in soil.
2 corn season of table soil phosphorus balance
.
6. conclusion
With the increase of phosphorus application amount, the yield of corn kernel is in increase trend, and increasing degree is 9.3%, 10.4%, 11.9%
Between, the P uptake by plants and phosphorus content of corn kernel and stalk all increase with the increase of phosphorus application amount, to phosphorus element using presence
Luxury absorption phenomenon, increase of the incrementss much smaller than phosphorus application amount, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer are decreased obviously, drop to from 15%
10.8%, P47.15% is processed as, in soil, there are a large amount of phosphorus surpluses.Harvest time, with the increase of phosphorus application amount, Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil residual quantity
Increased, same to P0Process is compared, P1、P2、P4Processing increases 12.79mg/kg, 24.18mg/kg, 52.97mg/kg respectively, accounts for
61.25%、115.80%、253.68%.Consider the factors such as corn yield, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil residual, and tie
The Maize Production practice of Henan north and soil environment capacity is closed, corn optimizes phosphorus application amount 100kg/ hm2, corn quaternary phosphonium fertilizer threshold value should be low
In 200 kg/ hm2, with 100～200kg/ hm2It is preferred.
Two Henan of embodiment north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil nitrogenous fertilizer input Test of threshold
1. experimental condition：
Experimental field be located at Henan Province Xunxian, climate type be the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, average sunshine time
2258.1 hours, 13.8 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, 206 days frost-free periods, average annual precipitation 663.5mm, 4605.5 DEG C of >=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature.
Soil types is moisture soil, the soil organism (SOM) 12.6g/kg, 0.85 g/kg of total soil nitrogen, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (Alkali-
Hydrolysable Nitrogen) 50.2mg/kg, available phosphorus 13.1mg/kg, effective potassium 110mg/kg, the soil weight (0～
20cm)1.410g/cm3, (20～40cm) 1.52g/cm3, (40～60cm) 1.46 g/cm3, (60～80cm) 1.41g/cm3、
(80～100cm) 1.37g/cm3.
2. experimental design
Test process six, three repetitions, plot area：6×9=54 m2, random district's groups arrangement.
(1)N0：Compare, not nitrogen fertilizer application；
(2) N0.75：Amount of nitrogen 112.5kg/hm2；
(3) N1：Amount of nitrogen 150kg/hm2；
(4) N1.25：Amount of nitrogen 187.5kg/hm2；
(5) N1.5：Amount of nitrogen 225kg/hm2；
(6) N2：Amount of nitrogen 300kg/hm2；
Six process phosphorus application amounts（P2O5）, potassium amount (K2O) it is respectively：100 Kg/hm2、120 Kg/hm2, fertilizer used is two
Ammonium, urea, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, wherein 1/2 base of nitrogenous fertilizer are applied, and 1/2 imposes in toy trumpet mouth, and the whole bases of phosphorus, potash fertilizer are applied.Kind
Plant kind and plantation, harvest time are shown in Table 3.No-tillage, seeding method is mechanical drilling, and first crop is wheat, and wheat stalk 100% is also
Field.
3 2011～2014 years plantation situations of table
.
3. sample collection and analysis method
Each cell of harvest corn phase gathers the fresh pedotheques of 0～200cm, per mono- layer of 20cm, in triplicate, determines nitre state
Nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soil moisture content.Each cell is surveyed and is produced simultaneously, and point seed, stalk prepare Plant samples, is determined total nitrogen and is contained
Amount.
Soil nitrate-N, ammonium nitrogen, Flow Analyzer are determined；Total nitrogen, Kjeldahl's method.
4. calculate and data processing
Overground part amount of nitrogen sucking=seed amount of nitrogen sucking+stalk amount of nitrogen sucking
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer（%）=（Shi Dan areas plant nitrogen accumulation-clear area plant nitrogen accumulation）/ amount of nitrogen × 100
Nitrate Nitrogen Residue amount (kg/hm2)=content of soil nitrate-N（mg/kg）× the soil weight (g/cm3) × soil thickness
（cm）/10
Test data statistical analysis adopts the softwares such as Excel-2007, SPSS19.0.
5. result and analysis
（1）Amount of nitrogen and the relation of crop yield
With the increase of amount of nitrogen, maize grain yield is first raised to be reduced afterwards（Fig. 7）, N1And N1.25Yield highest, be
10042kg/ hm2, same to N0Yield is compared, N0.75、N1、N1.25、N1.5、N2Respectively volume increase 10.3%, 17.0%, 17.0%, 13.3%,
8.7%.The corresponding dose of 95% fractional yield of maximum output should process N0.75～N1Between.With the increase of amount of nitrogen, straw
Stalk yield is first raised and is reduced again, N1.5Highest is processed, with same N0Yield is compared, N0.75、N1、N1.25、N1.5、N2Respectively volume increase 2.9%,
1.7%、8.6%、15.4%、12.8%.
（2）Amount of nitrogen and amount of nitrogen sucking, the relation of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
With the increase of amount of nitrogen, the seed amount of nitrogen sucking of corn first increases the trend that tends towards stability afterwards（Fig. 8）, N1.25Yield is most
Height, is 123.4kg/ hm2, same to N0Yield is compared, N0.75、N1、N1.25、N1.5、N2Respectively increase by 12.1%, 17.5%, 20.2%,
13.7%、13.1%.The amount of nitrogen sucking of stalk first increases with amount of nitrogen increase and reduces afterwards, N1.5Yield highest, is 69.2kg/ hm2,
Same N0Yield is compared, N0.75、N1、N1.25、N1.5、N2Increase by 5.5%, 9.6%, 13.9%, 26.5%, 23% respectively.Under optimum amount of nitrogen
The Nitrogen Absorption multiplying power of corn is 0.83.
Corn season, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was between 11.6～20.1%, N0.75Highest, with the increase of amount of nitrogen on a declining curve
(Fig. 9).
（3）Amount of nitrogen and the relation of inorganic nitrogen in soil residual quantity
With the increase of amount of nitrogen, Meadow Soil corn season respectively processes the concentration of nitrate nitrogen substantially to be increased（Figure 10～15）, dense
Degree is in 0～45.30 mg/kg.More than 1 meter Content of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil is very high, and have accumulated in the soil body below 1 meter big
The nitrate nitrogen of amount.From figure below as can be seen that the harvest corn phase in 2011, accumulates, in less than the 1 meter soil body, substantial amounts of nitrate nitrogen of knowing clearly,
180～200cm soil layer nitrate nitrogen content all in more than 10mg/kg.With the increase in crop cycle, different soil is respectively processed
NO3-N accumulation amount difference increases, N0Process different soil nitrate nitrogen content to be gradually lowered, the 3rd season corn substantially close to 0, N0.75
Processing different soil nitrate nitrogen content also reduces year by year, N1And N1.25Process has increased slightly, and amplitude of variation is little, N1.5And N2Process
Different soil nitrate nitrogen content substantially increases.Corn season, different soil ammonium nitrogen content was relatively low, and fertilizer treatment is not relatively low, its
He processes the increase with dose, and between different disposal, difference is not notable, and changes without evident regularity.
With the increase of amount of nitrogen, in corn season 1 meter of soil body, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen substantially increases（Figure 16）, N1.5Process 1
Meter Tu Ti substantially increases.N0.75、N1、N1.25Processing variation is not too obvious.
（4）Nitrogenous fertilizer and three tracing analysis of yield, nitrogenous fertilizer and environmental index
As can be seen from Figure 17, with the increase of amount of nitrogen, the yield of corn first increases, reduces afterwards, N1And N1.25Yield most
High.In 1 meter of soil body, NO3-N accumulation amount also increases with the increase of dose, but N0.75、N1、N1.25Accumulation difference is little.
Nitrogen rate of surplus is being raised always, considers corn yield, 1 meter of soil body Nitrate Nitrogen Residue amount and nitrogen rate of surplus, so beautiful
The input threshold value of rice quaternary nitrogen fertilizer is in N1～N1.5Between, i.e. 150～225kg/ hm2Between.
6th, conclusion and discussion
With the increase of amount of nitrogen, the yield of corn first increases and reduces afterwards, N1And N1.25Yield highest, 95% phase of maximum output
N should processed to the corresponding dose of yield0.75～N1Between.Increase with amount of nitrogen, NO3-N accumulation amount in 1 meter of soil body
Increase with the increase of dose, but N0.75、N1、N1.25Accumulation difference is little.Nitrogen rate of surplus is being raised always, it is seen that
Leaching of the Meadow Soil amount of nitrogen on corn yield and nitrate nitrogen in soil is affected than larger.Consider corn yield, 1 meter of soil
Body Nitrate Nitrogen Residue amount and nitrogen rate of surplus, and with reference to local area agricultural production practice for a long time and soil environment capacity, really
The optimum amount of nitrogen for determining corn quaternary nitrogen fertilizer is 150kg/ hm2, the input threshold value of nitrogenous fertilizer is in N1～N1.5Between, i.e. 150～225kg/
hm2Between.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method for taking into account environmental carrying capacity, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
（1）By whole for Wheat Straw chopping and returnings, in terms of leaded wastewater, 76～112kg/hm of radix heap2, to contain P2O5Gauge,
100～200 kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer applied by base2, to contain K2O gauge, base 115～125kg/hm of potassium application2, no-tillage；
（2）Before harvesting wheat, iron stubble rushed planting after 5～10 days Mai Long interplanting or harvesting wheat, was finished before June 10, at the latest with machine
Tool drilling maize seed, 4～6cm of depth of planting, seedling stage plant spacing are 5.5～7.2 ten thousand plants/hm2；
（3）In terms of leaded wastewater, in toy trumpet mouth phase 76～112kg/hm of Nitrogen Top Dressing2Afterwards, pour water in time；
（4）After bracteal leaf of corn turns to be yellow 7～10 days, seed milk-line disappears, and harvests when base portion black layer occurs.
2. the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity, its feature are taken into account according to claim 1
It is：The nitrogenous fertilizer is two ammoniums or urea.
3. the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity, its feature are taken into account according to claim 1
It is：The potash fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
4. the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity, its feature are taken into account according to claim 1
It is：The phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, at least one in calcium magnesium phosphate.
5. the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity, its feature are taken into account according to claim 1
It is：In step（2）In, the KH of 0.15～0.20wt% of concentration is used before sowing2PO48～12h of solution seed soaking.
6. the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity, its feature are taken into account according to claim 5
It is：In step（2）In, maize seed is dressed seed with bactericide and insecticide before sowing.
7. the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity, its feature are taken into account according to claim 6
It is：The bactericide for concentration 2.5wt% suitable happy when or concentration 2wt% Likeming Gel, by seed weight 0.2% seed dressing；Institute
The Isofenphos methyl of phoxim or concentration 40wt% of the insecticide for concentration 40wt% is stated, is dressed seed by the 0.2% of seed weight.
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